Fast-Lock Low-Jitter PLL with a Simple Phase-Frequency Detector

A fast-locking, low-jitter, phase-locked loop （PLL） with a simple phase-frequency detector is proposed. The phase-frequency detector is composed of only two XOR gates. It simultaneously achieves low jitter and short locking time. The voltage-controlled oscillator within the PLL consists of four-stage ring oscillators which are coupled to each other and oscillate with the same frequency and a phase shift of 45. The PLL is fabricated in 0. 1Stem CMOS technology. The measured phase noise of the PLL output at 500kHz offset from the 5GHz center frequency is - 102.6dBc/Hz. The circuit exhibits a capture range of 280MHz and a low RMS jitter of 2.06ps. The power dissipation excluding the output buffers is only 21.6roW at a 1.8V supply.

Robust CMOS phase frequency detector for high speed and low jitter charge pump PLL

In order to improve the performance of the existing phase frequency detectors （PFDs）, a systematical analysis of the existing PFDs is presented. Based on the circuit architecture, both classifications and comparisons are made. A new robust CMOS phase frequency detector for a high speed and low jitter charge pump phrase-locked loop （PLL） is designed. The proposed PFD consists of two rising-edge triggered dynamic D flip-flops, two positive-edge detectors and delaying units and two OR gates. It adopts two reset mechanisms to avoid the LIP and DN signals to be logic-1 simultaneously. Thus, any current mismatch of the charge pump circuit will not worsen the performance of the PLL. Furthermore, it has hardly any dead-zone phenomenon in phase characteristic. Simulations with ADS are performed based on a TSMC 0. 18-μm CMOS process with a 1.8-V supply voltage. According to the theoretical analyses and simulation results, the proposed PFD shows a satisfactory performance with a high operation frequency （≈ 1 GHz）, a wide phase-detection range [ ± 2π], a near zero dead-zone （ 〈 0. 1 ps）, high reliability, low phase jitter, low power consumption （ ≈100 μW） and small circuit complexity.

Design of 0.5V low-voltage phase and frequency detector for frequency synthesizer in wireless sensor networks

Based on 0.13μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor（CMOS） technology,a phase and frequency detector（PFD） is designed with a low supply voltage of 0.5V for frequency synthesizers used in wireless sensor networks（WSNs）.The PFD can compare the frequency and phase differences of input signals and deliver a signal voltage proportional to the difference.Low threshold transistors are used in the circuits since a power supply of 0.5V is adopted.A pulse latched structure is also used in the circuits in order to increase both the detection range of phase errors and the maximum operation frequency.In experiments,a phase error with a range from-358° to 358° is measured when the input signal frequency is 2MHz.The PFD has a faster acquisition speed compared with conventional digital PFDs.When the input signals are at a frequency of 2MHz with zero phase error,the circuits have a power consumption of 1.8[KG＊8]μW,and the maximum operation frequency is 1.25GHz.

An all-optical phase detector by amplitude modulation of the local field in a Rydberg atom-based mixer

Recently,a Rydberg atom-based mixer was developed to measure the phase of a radio frequency(RF)field.The phase of the signal RF(SIG RF)field is down-converted directly to the phase of a beat signal created by the presence of a local RF(LO RF)field.In this study,we propose that the Rydberg atom-based mixer can be converted to an all-optical phase detector by amplitude modulation(AM)of the LO RF field;that is,the phase of the SIG RF field is related to both the amplitude and phase of the beat signal.When the AM frequency of the LO RF field is the same as the frequency of the beat signal,the beat signal will further interfere with the AM of the LO RF field inside the atom,and then the amplitude of the beat signal is related to the phase of the SIG RF field.The amplitude of the beat signal and the phase of the SIG RF field show a linear relationship within the range of 0 toπ/2 when the phase of the AM is set with a differenceπ/4 from the phase of the LO RF field.The minimum phase resolution can be as small as 0.6°by optimizing the experimental conditions according to a simple theoretical model.This study will expand and contribute to the development of RF measurement devices based on Rydberg atoms.

Design of Digital Multi-Radian Phase Detector on J-TEXT

A real time system used to detect phase difference between two sinusoidal signals is proposed in this paper. The system is designed to process the phase signal of the far-infrared （FIR） hydrogen cyanide （HCN） interferometer on J-TEXT. It is based on zero-crossing detection and makes use of the digital circuit. Compared with a traditional zero-crossing phase detector, it doesn＇t need to sacrifice the time resolution to expand the phase range. The phase difference is divided into two parts, the integer part and the fraction part. In each detecting cycle, they are detected separately. It outputs digital signals that are more stable for transmission. A prototype was built on J-TEXT using discrete components. A practical method is proposed to deal with the counting error caused by the deviation of electronic components in manufacture. Reasonable results were obtained on the prototype. The phase resolution reaches 2π/64 in test, and can still be improved by raising the clock frequency.

Design of IREDM System with a DSP Phase Detector

The design and realization of a new generation of infra-red electronic distance measurement (IR EDM) system are presented.A DSP(Digital Signal Process) phase detector based on high speed analog-to-digital converter and DSP technique has been designed,in order to improve the precision and reliability of IR EDM system.As a result,the EDM system developed with a DSP phase detector has a precision of 3 mm in the measuring range of 2 km.

Passive round-robin differential-quadrature-phase-shift quantum key distribution scheme with untrusted detectors

In this paper, we proposed the scheme for a passive round-robin differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution（RRDPS-QKD） set-up based on the principle of Hong–Ou–Mandel interference. Our scheme requires two legitimate parties to prepare their signal state with two different non-orthogonal bases instead of single in original protocol. Incorporating this characteristic, we establish the level of security of our protocol under the intercept-resend attack and demonstrate its detector-flaw-immune feature. Furthermore, we show that our scheme not only inherits the merit of better tolerance of bit errors and finite-sized-key effects but can be implemented using hardware similar to the measurement device independent QKD（MDI-QKD）. This ensures good compatibility with the current commonly used quantum system.

一种适用于亚采样锁相环的高鲁棒性辅助锁定电路

当前的研究表明,基于亚采样相位检测器(Sub-Sampling Phase Detectors,SSPD)的锁相环(Phase-Locked Loop,PLL)相较传统锁相环架构可以实现显著降低的带内相位噪声。然而,在片上系统(Systems on Chip,SOCs)应用中,PLL容易受到衬底或电源耦合的干扰,这很可能会导致PLL失去锁定,且可能无法恢复。针对此问题,提出一种将辅助锁频环(Frequency-Locked Loop,FLL)和数字锁定检测器(Digital Lock Detector,DLD)相结合的适用于亚采样锁相环(Sub-Sampling Phase-Locked Loop,SSPLL)的高鲁棒性辅助锁定电路。仿真结果表明:与传统SSPLL相比,所提出的电路极大提升了PLL对衬底或电源干扰的鲁棒性,同时保持了其低相位噪声的优点,这对于SSPLL在大规模生产和应用中的可靠性具有重要意义。

低抖动电荷泵锁相环设计及其Simulink建模仿真

随着集成电路工艺技术的进步,电路工作频率越来越高,对时钟信号的抖动和相噪也提出了更高的要求。针对锁相环电路参数多、结构复杂、瞬态仿真耗时长等问题,通过建立电荷泵锁相环系统环路数学模型,并运用MATLAB/Simulink对其进行负反馈系统建模,实现对电荷泵锁相环的快速动态仿真。在TSMC 65 nm CMOS工艺节点下,完成了锁相环的电路设计、版图绘制、物理验证并提取寄生参数及后仿真,得到一款典型值:输入频率为30 MHz,锁定频率1.5 GHz的低抖动电荷泵锁相环。后仿真结果表明该PLL电路性能指标良好,在典型值条件下,PLL的锁定时间为10μs,锁定时峰峰值抖动为2.68 ps,时钟信号占空比为45%。

泸型酒中关键“窖香”风味物质确定及其馏出规律研究

为探究泸型酒中关键“窖香”物质馏出规律,对酿造过程中收集的“无窖香”以及“窖香浓郁”酒样,通过品评打分,各选择3个样品作为研究对象。采用顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱技术和直接进样法结合气相色谱-氢火焰离子技术对两类酒样风味物质进行定性定量分析,发现“窖香浓郁”酒样中有48种物质未在“无窖香”酒样中检测到,而“无窖香”酒样中有29种物质在“窖香浓郁”酒样中未存在,且两类酒样含量差异较大的物质有31种,主成分分析结果显示两类酒样风味物质存在明显差异,变量重要因子>1的差异化风味物质共有44种,通过香气重组及缺失实验确定己酸乙酯、戊酸乙酯、己酸、丁酸、己酸异戊酯、己酸己酯共6种风味物质为影响“窖香”的关键化合物。最终对分糟层摘取的68个酒样进行分析发现,上述4种酯类物质含量在不同糟层中随着蒸馏时间延长而降低,而丁酸、己酸则相反,且上述6种“窖香”关键风味物质在下层糟中含量最多。研究结果可为按需摘酒和提升浓香型白酒品质提供参考。

激光外差探测阵列互相关相干累积法

针对粗糙目标导致本振光与信号光波前失配这一技术难题,提出一种基于序列移位与互相关的用于检测微弱外差信号的相干累积法。该方法利用阵列探测器的阵列信号进行互相关运算,将外差信号频谱幅值作为目标函数,快速准确地估计最佳序列偏移量和计算相位调整量,搭建了一套基于高速摄像机阵列探测器的光外差探测系统。仿真分析和实验结果表明,该方法应用于主动光外差探测领域时对相位补偿的精确度更高,信号处理时间可提高到毫秒量级。

基于副边解耦极板的电容式无线电能传输系统拾取端失谐评估

对于电容式无线电能传输(CWPT)系统,准确评估拾取端回路的失谐程度是维持系统谐振稳定的前提。然而,由于系统拾取端的感应电压无法被直接观测,难以通过测量感应电压和回路电流间的相位差来评估拾取端回路的失谐程度。文中提出一种能够间接测量拾取端感应电压相位信息,评估拾取端回路失谐程度的CWPT系统。基于Z参数建立三端口CWPT系统的数学模型和等效电路,并依托该模型提出一种基于副边解耦极板的耦合机构。分析在感应电压测量和失谐程度评估过程中存在的误差,提出拾取端回路失谐程度的评估校正方法。搭建了带有副边解耦极板的CWPT系统原理样机,实验结果表明,拾取端谐振时的失谐程度评估误差不超过1Ω,拾取端感性/容性失谐时的失谐程度评估误差分别小于2%和5%。

A new detector in EBPSK communication system

In order to raise the detection precision of the extended binary phase shift keying （EBPSK） receiver, a detector based on the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm （IMPSO） and the BP neural network is designed. First, the characteristics of EBPSK modulated signals and the special filtering mechanism of the impacting filter are demonstrated. Secondly, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the logistic chaos disturbance operator and the Cauchy mutation operator is proposed, and the EBPSK detector is designed by utilizing the IMPSO-BP neural network. Finally, the simulation of the EBPSK detector based on the MPSO-BP neural network is conducted and the result is compared with that of the adaptive threshold-based decision, the BP neural network, and the PSO-BP detector, respectively. Simulation results show that the detection performance of the EBPSK detector based on the IMPSO-BP neural network is better than those of the other three detectors.

便携式生物电阻抗测量系统的设计与应用

生物电阻抗可用于人体成分测量,具有重要的临床意义与应用价值,现阶段的生物电阻抗测量设备仍存在成本高昂、设备笨重的问题。因此,提出了一种便携式生物电阻抗测量系统,其由控制电路、电流发射电路与阻抗测量电路组成,通过微控制器STC12C5A60S2对直接数字频率合成器AD9833、鉴相器AD8302等微型模块的有效控制,实现对不同频率下人体生物电阻抗的精准稳定测量。研究结果表明,该系统在设计复杂度与实现成本远低于商用人体生物电阻抗仪的前提下,实现了与之类似的测量精确度,有望为生物电阻抗测量装置的小型化、便携化、低成本化发展提供新的思路。

便携式多生理参数检测仪的设计

为了检测人体的电阻抗、血氧、心率和体温等生理参数,设计一种头戴式的多功能便携检测仪。该设备针对现有阻抗检测设备的激励频率范围窄、精度不足和检测耗时长等问题进行优化:采用四电极阻抗检测方案,通过直接数字频率合成器和Howland电流源生成正弦激励电流流经人体,使用ADI公司的AD8302增益相位检波器芯片和配套算法计算得到人体电阻抗的幅值和相位,有效提高检测的准确性和效率。为了进一步减小系统误差,设计模拟开关电路并配合高精度采样电阻和相移电容实现系统参数的自校准。实验结果表明,在10 kHz~1 MHz的检测频率范围内,阻抗幅值和相位的平均检测误差分别小于0.5%和0.59°,最大检测误差分别小于1.54%和1.38°,显示出比基于TI公司AFE4300芯片的阻抗检测方案更优的性能。此外,设备还整合了血氧、心率和体温的检测模块。人体实验验证了其在准确和有效检测多种生理参数方面的优越性。

应用于低功耗模/数转换器的低电源电压时间域比较器

针对传统逐次逼近型模/数转换器(Successive Approximation Analog to Digital Converter,SAR ADC)中的电压域比较器存在延迟大、功耗高等问题,本文设计了一款应用于SAR ADC的低功耗时间域比较器。该比较器通过引入高增益的时间放大器(Time Amplifier,TA)成功实现了相位积累速度的指数级增加,有效减小了输入信号相位脱离鉴相器的“死区”所需的振荡周期数,缩短了比较延迟,优化了比较的速度和功耗。该比较器基于65 nm CMOS工艺进行设计,在0.4 V电源电压下功耗仅5.24 nW,失调电压为5.99 mV。

流动相在线混合模式和预混合模式对示差折光检测器的影响

目的:研究混合型流动相对不同品牌示差折光检测器造成的基线波动影响,提出改进和应对措施,为示差折光检测器及配套液相系统的使用提供参考和建议。方法:通过乙腈水70+30百分比作为流动相,利用不同品牌的示差折光检测器对葡萄糖进行测量,得出基线漂移、基线噪声、最小检测浓度、线性范围,考察示差折光检测器的性能。结果:通过预混合能降低流动相混合对示差折光检测器的干扰,但仍然会存在周期性的脉动干扰,使用泵后混合模式干扰最小。结论:示差折光检测器推荐使用多元泵后混合的配置,测量精度较高,如使用泵前混合,则应使用单并联式的输液泵,降低干扰,提高精度。

Automatic IQ Phase Calibration Design in a 2.4GHz Direct Conversion Receiver

An automatic IQ phase calibration method implemented in a 2.4GHz direct conversion receiver is proposed. It uses a delay locked loop （DLL） with a proposed quadrature phase detector to greatly reduce the phase error. The receiver is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process. Measurements show that the IQ phase error can be calibrated within 1°,which satisfies the system requirement.

ZrCl_(4)对催化裂化柴油中杂原子化合物的脱除规律及机理分析

催化裂化柴油中杂原子化合物的脱除一般采用高温高压下的加氢脱除。通过四氯化锆(ZrCl_(4))络合法在较为温和的条件下对催化裂化柴油中的杂原子化合物进行脱除。在90℃、常压、环己烷为反应溶剂的条件下,采用ZrCl_(4)与催化裂化柴油进行络合反应,可以得到富集氮化物和氧化物等杂原子化合物的组分,对ZrCl_(4)富集组分进一步进行固相萃取(SPE)分离,采用气相色谱-氮化学发光检测器(GC-NCD)和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对催化裂化柴油原始样、ZrCl_(4)富集组分、SPE分离组分进行分析表征,并采用量化计算的方法对络合脱除机理进行初步研究。结果表明,ZrCl_(4)络合法对催化裂化柴油中总氮、碱性氮和非碱性氮的脱除率分别为75.9%、83.1%和75.1%。该方法对苯胺等碱性氮化物、咔唑等非碱性氮化物、萘嵌苯酮等氧化物均有较好的脱除效果,对噻吩类硫化物基本上无脱除效果。其脱除机理为:ZrCl_(4)可以与碱性氮、非碱性氮、酮等杂原子化合物发生选择性的络合反应,形成溶解度较差的络合物沉淀而从柴油体系中分离出来。该脱除杂原子的方法具有杂原子脱除率高、柴油收率高、反应条件温和、操作步骤简单等优势。

高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法测定复方维生素B片中维生素B_(2)含量

目的:分析高效液相色谱(HPLC)-荧光检测器法测定复方维生素B(VB)片中维生素B_(2)(VB_(2))含量的效果,为该药品的检测建立科学合理的方法。方法:采用HPLC-荧光检测器法进行测定,色谱柱为Agilentr ZORBAX SB C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为水-乙腈(64∶40),流速为1.0mL/min,激发波长462nm,发射波长522nm,柱温40℃,进样量20μL。结果:VB_(2)浓度在2~100μg/mL线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.6%,相对标准差0.6%(n=6)。结论:HPLC-荧光检测器法可用于测定复方VB片中VB_(2)的含量。该方法具有敏感、准确、快速、专属性强的特点,可为复方VB片的质量控制提供有效手段。同时,本方法也为其他类似成分的含量测定提供了参考。