Adsorption of Fe^(3+) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Natural and Synthetic Apatites: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study

In this study, the adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of Fe3+ ions on natural (NAP) and synthetic (HAP) apaties were examined. The adsorption efficiency of Fe3+ onto the NAP and HAP was increased with increasing temperature. The kinetics of adsorption of Fe3+ ions was discussed using three kinetic models, the pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order and the intra-particle diffusion model. The experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The initial sorption rate and the activation energy were also calculated. The activation energy of the sorption was calculated as 37.15 and 49.84 kJ·mol 1 for NAP and HAP, respectively. Experimental results were also analysed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Redushkevich (D–R) isotherm equations at different temperatures. RL separation factor for Langmuir and the n value for Freundlich isotherm show that Fe3+ ions are favorably adsorbed by NAP and HAP. Various thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy (ΔS) changes were computed and the results showed that the adsorption of Fe3+ ions onto NAP and HAP were spontaneous and endothermic in nature.

Kinetics, Equilibrium and Thermodynamics Studies of Fe³⁺Ion Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Periwinkle Shell Activated Carbon

Iron (III) adsorption from aqueous solutions unto periwinkle shell carbon (PSC) was studied using batch experiments. Activated periwinkle shell carbon was prepared (pyrolysed at 300°C and activated with nitric acid) and characterized to determine its physiochemical properties. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of process parameters (contact time, particle size, carbon dosage and pH of stock solution) on adsorption rate. Adsorption kinetics was tested using pseudo first and second order models. Adsorption Isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms while Thermodynamics parameters such as Enthalpy change (ΔH°), Entropy change (ΔS°) and Gibbs-free energy change (ΔG°) were determined. Results showed that adsorption rate increase with increase in contact time, adsorbent dose and pH and decreased with increase in particle size. Batch adsorption Kinetics experiments revealed that the mechanism of adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Isotherm data showed that the Langmuir isotherm accurately described the adsorption data indicating that adsorption process was mainly monolayer on a homogeneous adsorbent surface. Thermodynamic parameters results showed that adsorption process was endothermic with Enthalpy change (ΔH°): 222.91 kJ/mol;a positive Entropy change (ΔS°) of 19.19 kJ/mol, indicating an increase in the degree of freedom (or disorder) of the adsorbed species and a negative Gibb’s free energy (ΔG°) at all temperature indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneous and favorable at high temperature.

Adsorption behavior of Sb(Ⅲ) in single and binary Sb(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅱ) systems on cationic ion exchange resin: Adsorption equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects

The present study dealt with the mechanism of competitive adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ)and Fe(Ⅱ)ions from a copper-containing aqueous solution on Purolite S957,a commercially available cationic ion-exchange adsorbent.Experiments were conducted using aqueous copper sulfate solutions containing either single or conjoint ions,using both sedentary and batch adsorption techniques to ascertain the sensitivity of the adsorption process to variation in p H,mass of resin,contact time,and temperature as well as establishing the optimal range of variables for maximum ion removal.The data from single ion adsorption tests were fitted by non-linear regression techniques to Henry,Langmuir,Freundlich,Temkin,and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models.Freundlich isotherm for Sb(Ⅲ)and Freundlich and Henry models for Fe(Ⅱ)solutions best express the adsorption equilibrium data;while for binary ion electrolytes,the extended Freundlich model fitted the data satisfactorily.The kinetic model adequately describing adsorption was shown to be the pseudo-first-order,underscoring the dominant role of physical adsorption playing in the process.Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption process reveal differences in the Sb(Ⅲ)adsorption mechanism from single ion and Sb(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅱ)containing electrolytes.The adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ)alone is endothermic,whereas the process becomes exothermic in the Sb(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅱ)system.

Synthesis of platy potassium magnesium titanate and its application in removal of copper ions from aqueous solution

Platy potassium magnesium titanate (K0.8Mg0.4Ti1.6O4, KMTO) was synthesized by a flux method. The potential application of KMTO in removing copper ions from water pollutants was investigated. The crystal phases of specimens were identified by XRD. The morphology and structural information were characterized by SEM and TEM. The adsorption behavior under different conditions was investigated, including different pH values and different initial copper ion concentrations. The results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ions is 290.697 mg/g, and almost 99.9% of Cu(II) ions can be removed, which is much higher than that of other sorbents reported. The kinetics of KMTO for the adsorption of Cu(II)ions was studied and the best fit can be obtained by the pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption isothermal data can be well interpreted by the Freundlich equation (R2=0.991). In conclusion, this study highlights that KMTO is a potential material for the efficient removal of heavy metal ions in polluted water. It also opens up a new opportunity for the applications of platy KMTO.

Adsorption and Desorption of Praseodymium (Ⅲ) from Aqueous Solution Using D72 Resin

In this work, the feasibility of using a macroporous strong acid ion exchange resin (D72) as an adsorbent for praseodymium (Ⅲ) was examined. The adsorption behavior and mechanism were investigated with various chemical methods and IR spectrometry. The results showed that the loading of Pr (III) ions was strongly dependent on pH of the medium and the optimal adsorption condition is in HAc-NaAc medium with pH value of 3.0. Adsorption kinetics of Pr (III) ions onto D72 resin could be best described by pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of D72 for Pr (Ⅲ) was evaluated to be 294 mg·g 1 for the Langmuir model at 298K. The apparent activation energy, E a , was 14.71 kJ·mol 1 . The calculated data of thermodynamic parameters, ΔSΘ value of 100 J·mol 1 ·K 1 and ΔHΘ value of 8.89 kJ·mol 1 , indicate the endothermic nature of the adsorption process, while a decrease of ΔGΘ with increasing temperature indicates the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Finally, Pr (Ⅲ) can be eluted by using 1.00 mol·L 1 HCl-0.50 mol·L 1 NaCl solution and the D72 resin can be regenerated and reused. Thomas model was successfully applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for process design. The characterization before and after adsorption of Pr (Ⅲ) ions on D72 resin was conformed by IR.

Adsorption behavior of molybdenum onto D314 ion exchange resin

The adsorption behavior of molybdenum onto D314 was studied with the static adsorption method. The adsorption process was analyzed from thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. The experimental results show that the equilibrium adsorption data conform satisfactorily to the Langmuir equation. In the adsorption process of D314 for molybdenum, the enthalpy change ΔH is positive when temperature is in the range of 298-338 K, which indicates that the adsorption is an endothermic process, and the elevated temperature benefits to the adsorption. Kinetic analysis shows that the adsorption rate is controlled by intraparticle diffusion and chemical diffusion at the same time. The adsorption mechanism of molybdenum onto D314 was discussed based on IR spectra.

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Adsorption of Cu2＋, Pb2＋, Methylene Blue and Malachite Green from Aqueous Solution Using AMPS-modified Hazelnut Shell Powder

A high-efficiency, low-cost and environmem-friendly 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid （AMPS）-modified hazelnut-shell-based adsorbent（AHS） was synthesized and used to adsorb Cu2＋, Pb2＋, methylene blue（MB） and malachite green（MG） from aqueous solutions. The AHS was characterized by means of SEM, BET, FTIR and XPS. Different experimental parameters were evaluated in batch adsorption experiments to determine the optimal adsorption conditions. Adsorption kinetics shows that the adsorption rate is well represented by the pseudo- secend-order rate model, and the Langmuir model gives the best fit adsorption isotherm. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities were fotmd to be 21.14 mg/g for Cu2＋, 32.74 mg/g for Pb2＋, 68.03 mg/g for MB and 263.16 mg/g for MG, respectively, while the adsorption capacities could be maintained above 90% even after ten adsorp- tion-desorption cycles. The experimental results show that AHS could be applied to treat both industrial and munici- pal wastewaters.

Adsorption of Zinc and Cyanide from Cyanide Effluents on Anionic Ion-exchange Resin

The adsorption of zinc and cyanide from cyanide effluents onto strong and weak basic anion exchange re sins was studied in a batch adsorption system. Factors influencing the adsorption rates such as resin selection, resin amounts, contact time and temperature were studied and scanning electron microscopyenergy disperse spectrosco py（SEMEDS） was used in the analysis. The present study shows that the adsorption capacity of resin 201 x7 is better than that of resin 301. The adsorption process was relatively fast and came to equilibrium after 60 min. The kinetic data were analyzed with three models and the pseudosecondorder kinetic model was found to agree with the expe rimental data well. The equilibrium data could also be described well by Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change（AH0）, free energy change（AG0） and entropy change（AS0） were calculated and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.

Characterization of Cu(Ⅱ) Ion Adsorption Behavior of the Polyacrylic Acid-Polyvinylidene Fluoride Blended Polymer

A blended polymer adsorbent prepared using acrylic acid and polyvinylidene fluoride was used to remove copper from aqueous solutions. The polymer was prepared using thermally induced polymerization and phase inversion. The blended polymer was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis （XRD）, environ- mental scanning electron microscopy （ESEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and N2 adsorption/desorption experiments. The sorption data was fit to linearized adsorption isotherms of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich （D-R） isotherms models. The batch sorption kinetics was evaluated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic reaction models. △H0 is greater than 0, AGo is lower than 0, and △S0 is greater than 0, which shows that the adsorption of Cu （Ⅱ） by the blended polymer is a spontaneous, endothermic process. The adsorption isotherm fits better to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model gives a better fit to the batch sorption kinetics. The adsorption mechanism is assumed to be ion exchange between the cupric ion and the carboxylic acid functional group of the blended polymer.

Sesame Husk as Adsorbent for Copper(II) Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution

In this study, the adsorption behavior of copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto sesame husk (SH) was investigated. The effect of different parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, temperature and agitation speed was studied. Thermodynamic parameters, equilibrium isotherms and kinetic data have been evaluated. The functional groups and surface morphology of SH adsorbent were characterized by FTIR and SEM. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms were expressed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models and it was found that Langmuir adsorption model fits the experimental data better than Freundlich and D-R models. The adsorption can be best described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model.

The Uptake of Copper(II) Ions by Chelating Schiff Base Derived from 4-Aminoantipyrine and 2-Methoxybenzaldehyde

The Schiff base, 4-[(2-methoxybenzylidene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrizol-3(2H)-one (SB), was used for the first time to adsorb copper(II) ions in aqueous solution. Various parameters such as initial pH, agitation period and different initial concentration of copper(II) ions which influenced the adsorption capacity were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data for copper(II) ions were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevish isotherm models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of SB as obtained from Langmuir isotherm was 5.64 mg/g. Kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model indicating that chemical adsorption was the rate limiting step.

Nano mesocellular foam silica（MCFs）:An effective adsorbent for removing Ni2+ from aqueous solution

Nano mesocellular foam silica(MCFs)was synthesized through the hydrothermal method in this study.Powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the MCFs sample.The sample presented spherical particles and regular morphology.The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that synthesized MCFs has a three-dimensional honeycomb pore structure,which aids in the adsorption of nickel ion(Ni^2+).The results of low-temperature nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption showed that the pore diameter of the synthesized MCFs was 19.6 nm.The impacts of pH,temperature,amount of adsorbent,initial concentration of Ni^2+,and contact time on the adsorption effect of Ni^2+ by MCFs were studied.Under the optimized adsorption conditions,the adsorption rate reached 96.10%and the adsorption capacity was 7.69 mg/g.It has been determined through the study of kinetics and adsorption isotherms that the adsorption of Ni^2+ by MCFs follows the pattern of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model,simultaneously belonging to the Freundlich adsorption type.The thermodynamic results of adsorption showed that,when the temperature is between 25℃ and 45℃,the adsorption is a spontaneous exothermic reaction.

Removing Iron Ions Contaminants from Groundwater Using Modified Nano-Hydroxyapatite by Nano Manganese Oxide

In this article, we study modified nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) by nano manganese oxide (Mn3O4) as adsorbent material to remove iron ions from groundwater. Different parameters were studied to option optimum conditions of removing such as contact time, pH, initial concentration, a dosage of adsorbent, agitation speed and temperature. Kinetics studies included first order (R2 = 0.915), pseudo-first order (R2 = 0.936), second order (R2 = 0.948), pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.995), Elovich equation model (R2 = 0.977), intraparticle diffusion (R2 = 0.946), Natarajan and Khalaf (R2 = 0.915) were carried out, the obtained results revealed that the pseudo-second order is the best to describe the adsorption process because the correlation coefficient is approaching one (R2 = 0.995). Adsorption isotherm was calculated by using Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin constants, adsorption capacity from Langmuir model was 0.606 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH = ?51 KJ/mol, and ΔS = ?142 (KJ/mol)) for the adsorption process were also calculated and discussed.

锌掺杂型钛系铯离子筛的制备及其吸附性能

钛系离子筛型吸附剂在盐湖卤水提铯、处理放射性核废水等方面具有很好的应用前景。本文基于改进型溶胶-凝胶技术,将微量Zn^(2+)掺入Cs_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)的Ti—O晶格中以改善晶胞结构,制备出锌掺杂型钛酸盐前体材料(CZnTO)。前体经过酸处理形成锌掺杂型质子化钛酸盐(HZnTO),通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱等表征手段对制备的HZnTO进行表征,证明微量Zn^(2+)的掺入未破坏原有层状结构。通过吸附实验,考察了水相pH、初始Cs^(+)浓度、吸附时间和温度等因素对HZnTO吸附行为的影响。研究表明,在288K、pH=11且初始Cs^(+)浓度为3000mg/L的最优条件下,吸附2h左右,HZnTO即可达到饱和吸附容量323mg/g。在初始Cs^(+)浓度为30mg/L的低浓度溶液下,HZnTO依然能保持80%以上的吸附率。HZnTO对Cs^(+)的吸附符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温式,说明Cs^(+)在HZnTO上的吸附为化学吸附,以单分子层吸附为主。选择性吸附实验和循环吸附-脱附实验表明,HZnTO对于Cs^(+)的选择性远高于其他离子,循环吸附7次后,HZnTO的吸附容量依然能达到初次循环的87.6%,表现出良好的稳定性。

螯合树脂脱除钨酸盐溶液中铜镁离子的研究

采用离子交换法,选用对铜离子和镁离子具有高选择性的CH-93螯合树脂和LSC-500螯合树脂深度脱除钨酸盐溶液中铜镁离子,探究不同因素对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附类型、吸附热力学及动力学进行分析。结果表明:在不同吸附参数下,铜镁离子的吸附率均可达到99%以上。热力学研究表明,树脂吸附铜镁离子是自发、吸热和熵增的过程。动力学研究表明,树脂吸附铜镁离子的过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,液膜扩散是控速步骤。柱上离子交换结果表明,钨酸盐溶液经过12 h的CH-93/LSC-500树脂吸附后,铜镁离子含量分别从60000μg/L降低至14.6,24.4μg/L,且没有出现穿漏现象。

螯合树脂对铜离子的吸附动力学和热力学

针对以谷氨酰胺-铜(II)配合物为供体酶法制备茶氨酸体系,研究了D401螯合树脂对Cu2+的吸附,探讨了吸附过程的热力学和动力学,通过红外光谱鉴定了树脂的配位结构.结果表明,树脂吸附量随离子浓度和温度升高而增加,当pH为5.6时吸附量最大,达1.887mmol/g.不同温度下Langmuir方程均呈现很好的拟合度.热力学平衡方程计算得ΔG<0,ΔH=21.5kJ/mol,ΔS>0,表明该吸附过程是自发的、吸热、熵增加的过程.动力学研究表明,该过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附反应速率由颗粒扩散和液膜扩散共同控制.该树脂在较宽的pH范围内对Cu2+具有很好的选择吸附性,可用于酶转化茶氨酸体系中Cu2+的去除.

纤蛇纹石吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的动力学及热力学研究

研究纤蛇纹石对铜离子的吸附行为,探讨初始溶液pH、温度和铜离子初始浓度对吸附动力学的影响,进行吸附等温线的测定和热力学计算。研究结果表明:当温度为25～60℃,pH为2～4,铜离子初始浓度为10～100 mmol/L时,Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级反应动力学模型;吸附量随反应温度、初始pH和溶液初始浓度的增加而增加;等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附过程以单层吸附为主;反应的吉布斯自由能为负值,焓变为20.427 kJ/mol,熵变为109.424 J/(mol.K),说明吸附是一个自发进行的物理吸附过程。

改性沸石对铜吸附性能的研究

通过硝酸铵改性天然斜发沸石,探讨沸石投加量、温度、时间对铜的吸附效果、吸附特性及作用机理.结果表明:沸石改性后对铜的吸附效率显著提高,用量为100g/L时效益最好,最大吸附量为4 170.9mg/kg;Lang-muir和Freundlich都能较好地描述改性沸石对Cu2+的等温吸附过程,改性沸石对Cu2+的吸附反应是自发的化学吸附过程,吸附行为符合准二级动力学模型;Elovich方程模型拟合结果表明改性沸石对Cu2+的吸附过程近似非均相扩散过程;颗粒内扩散模型拟合结果表明颗粒内扩散在吸附过程中不是唯一的控速阶段.

油页岩飞灰对重金属离子的吸附动力学及热力学

采用批式振荡吸附法研究了燃油页岩电厂循环流化床锅炉飞灰对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的吸附动力学及吸附热力学特性,并提出了吸附机理。结果表明,油页岩飞灰对Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,但Freundlich方程能够更好地描述吸附等温线。在油页岩飞灰对重金属离子吸附的初始阶段,拉格朗日准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、Elovich方程、粒子内扩散模型均能很好地反映吸附模式,而整个吸附过程则遵循二级反应动力学方程,其吸附过程是液膜扩散和粒子内扩散共同作用的结果。油页岩飞灰对Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的吸附是吸热反应。

碱渣对铜(Ⅱ)离子吸附特征的研究

研究了铜在碱渣表面的吸附特征.结果表明,碱渣总吸附量随体系温度的升高而降低;随体系pH值的升高而增加;随吸附质初始浓度的增加而增大.在pH<5.01时其等温吸附能较好地符合Freud lich等温吸附规律,而在pH>5.01时,能较好地符合Langmu ir等温吸附规律,吸附热随pH值的增大而升高.当pH≤4.54时,碱渣的吸附力以偶极间力和氢键力的作用为主,而当pH>4.54时,以化学键力为主.碱渣的动力学方程亦随pH值的改变而改变,在pH=4.54时,碱渣对Cu2+的吸附动力学方程以一级动力学方程拟合效果最优;当pH为4.91和6.01时,以Langmu ir方程的拟合效果最优.