By using 6,6-((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene)bis(azanediyl))bis(thiophen-2-ylm-ethylene))bis6H-di-benzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide(DOPO-N)as phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant,the polyurea(PUA)with flame retardant p...By using 6,6-((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene)bis(azanediyl))bis(thiophen-2-ylm-ethylene))bis6H-di-benzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide(DOPO-N)as phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant,the polyurea(PUA)with flame retardant properties(PUA/DOPO-N)was prepared.In addition,organically modified montmorillonite(OMMT)and magnesium hydroxide(MH)were used as co-effectors respectively,and the flame retardant PUA(PUA/DOPO-N/OMMT and PUA/DOPO-N/MH)were also prepared.Thermal properties,flame retardant properties,flame retardant mechanism and mechanical properties of PUA/DOPO-N,PUA/DOPO-N/OMMT and PUA/DOPO-N/MH were investigated by thermogravimetric(TG)analysis,limiting oxygen index(LOI),UL 94,cone calorimeter test,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and tensile test.The results show that the LOI value of PUA/20%DOPO-N,PUA/18%DOPO-N/2%OMMT and PUA/15%DOPO-N/5%MH are 27.1%,27.7%,and 28.3%,respectively,and UL 94 V-0 rating is attained.Compared with PUA,the peak heat release rate(pk-HRR),total heat release(THR)and average effective heat combustion(av-EHC)of PUA/20%DOPO-N,PUA/18%DOPO-N/2%OMMT and PUA/15%DOPO-N/5%MH decrease significantly.SEM results indicate that the residual chars of PUA/20%DOPO-N,PUA/18%DOPO-N/2%OMMT and PUA/15%DOPO-N/5%MH are completer and more compact.The complex of DOPO-N/OMMT and DOPO-N/MH have synergistic flame retardancy.The mechanical properties of PUA can be improved by the addition of DOPO-N,DOPO-N/OMMT and DOPO-N/MH,respectively.The insulation performance test shows that the volume resistivity of PUA/20%DOPO-N is 6.25×10^(16)Ω.cm.Furthermore,by using modified boron nitride(MBN)as heat dissipating material,the complex of PUA/MBN was prepared,and the thermal conductivity of PUA/MBN was investigated.The thermal conductivity of PUA/8%MBN complex coating at room temperature is 0.166 W/(M·K),which is a 163%improvement over pure PUA.展开更多
This study was to develop the flame retardant (FR) protective clothing which had multifunction such anti-bacterial, UV cut, FR function with water repellent and water vapor permeable laminating textiles for industrial...This study was to develop the flame retardant (FR) protective clothing which had multifunction such anti-bacterial, UV cut, FR function with water repellent and water vapor permeable laminating textiles for industrial workers. First of all, the FR yarn and FR textiles were developed for this purpose. Second, the comparison analysis between the halogen laminating textiles and halogen-free laminating textiles were tested to figure out the eco-friendly laminating method. Third, the flame retardant ability was compared the halogen laminated textiles to halogen-free laminated textiles. LOI, UV protection ratio, antibiosis after 50 laundry test, water proof pressure, and moisture permeability of developed textiles were tested. GC-HR-TOF-MS was used for analysis of laminating film (halogen and halogen-free). 4.1 wt% TiO2 yarn showed antibacterial function (Pneumococcus & Staphylococcus aureus: 99.9%), UV Protection (UVA: 90.8, UVB: 92.1), and LOI (33.6). The chosen optimal compounding ratio for PU compound of HRF and HFFR were as followed: PU resin 58.3%, DMF (Dimethyl formamide, δ = 12.2) 8.3%, MEK (Methylethylketone) 8.3% and FR (flame retardants) 25.0%. Binder for laminating should not be included over 10% of FRs because of adhesion between textiles and FR laminating film. There were detected phosphorus compounds in the textiles treated by halogenated type flame retardants and halogenated-free type flame retardants. There were not any detected harmful compounds from all textile samples.展开更多
This study was carried out for gathering qualitative information about the potential of photocatalytic oxidation for the removal of trace organics (analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, GC/MS) f...This study was carried out for gathering qualitative information about the potential of photocatalytic oxidation for the removal of trace organics (analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, GC/MS) from biologically pretreated greywater to make it suitable for high quality reuse applications like groundwater recharge. Additionally, fractions of bulk organics (humic substances, building blocks, and low molecular weight organic acids) were quantified by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection. Biologically pretreated greywater was subjected to photocatalytic oxidation in open stirred vessel reactors with UV lamps positioned over the reactors. UV doses of 0, 5, and 15 Wh·L-1 and TiO2 P25 photocatalyst concentrations of 1, 5, 10, and 20 g·L-1 were investigated. Photocatalysis experiments with a 15 Wh·L-1 UV dose were also conducted in the presence of 1 g·L-1 powdered activated carbon. Subsequent to mere contact of the photocatalyst to biologically pretreated greywater without UV, GC/MS did not indicate a substantial removal of trace organics, while humic substances were increasingly adsorbed by increasing photocatalyst concentration. A UV dose of 15 Wh·L-1 and TiO2 concentrations > 5 g·L-1 were favorable conditions for photocatalytic oxidation resulting in the removal of most of the trace organics, especially chlorinated phosphate flame retardants. Also humic substances were efficiently removed under these conditions. Photocatalytic oxidation is thus a promising process for advanced greywater treatment prior to groundwater recharge. Addition of powdered activated carbon did not improve trace and bulk organics removal by photocatalysis with a UV dose of 15 Wh·L-1 and with photocatalyst concentrations > 5 g·L-1.展开更多
矿物阻燃填料是传统防火涂料的重要组成部分。基于中国知网数据库、Web of Science数据库和国家知识产权局数据库,检索了1990年至2022年有机防火涂料中矿物阻燃填料研究的文献,介绍了矿物阻燃填料的研究应用情况。文献检索及专利分析表...矿物阻燃填料是传统防火涂料的重要组成部分。基于中国知网数据库、Web of Science数据库和国家知识产权局数据库,检索了1990年至2022年有机防火涂料中矿物阻燃填料研究的文献,介绍了矿物阻燃填料的研究应用情况。文献检索及专利分析表明:进入21世纪以后,国内外对矿物阻燃填料在有机防火涂料中的应用研究关注度呈增长趋势,研究热点主要集中在钢结构防火涂料、阻燃机理、表面改性、热稳定性等方面,矿物阻燃填料研究种类从以氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁为主逐渐转为以氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、可膨胀石墨和黏土矿物为主,种类多样化、成分多样化和结构复杂化是近年来有机防火涂料中矿物阻燃填料的研究趋势,矿物阻燃填料的纳米化、协同阻燃以及表面改性等技术将不断得到发展。展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes have demonstrated high promise to solve the safety problems caused by conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries.However,the inherent flammability of most polymer electrolyte ...Solid polymer electrolytes have demonstrated high promise to solve the safety problems caused by conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries.However,the inherent flammability of most polymer electrolyte materials remains unresolved,hence hindering their further industrial application.Addressing this challenge,we designed and constructed a thermal-responsive imide-linked covalent organic framework(COF)bearing ortho-positioned hydroxy groups as precursors,which can conduct a thermal rearrangement to transform into a highly crystalline and robust benzoxazole-linked COF upon heating.Benefiting from the release of carbon dioxide through thermal rearrangement reaction,this COF platform exhibited excellent flame retardant properties.By contrast,classic COFs(e.g.,boronate ester,imine,olefin,imide linked)were all flammable.Moreover,incorpo-rating polyethylene glycol and Li salt into the COF channels can produce solid polymer electrolytes with outstanding flame retardancy,high ionic conductivity(6.42×10^(-4) S cm^(-1))and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.95.This thermal rearrangement strategy not only opens a new route for the fabrication of ultrastable COFs,but also provides promising perspectives to designing flame-retardant materials for energy-related applications.展开更多
Since the ban of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD),other flame retardants may be increasingly used.Thirty-one current-use halogenated(HFRs)and 24 organophosphorous flame retardants...Since the ban of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD),other flame retardants may be increasingly used.Thirty-one current-use halogenated(HFRs)and 24 organophosphorous flame retardants(PFRs)have been sought in Arctic ecosystems so far.Air measurements provide evidence of long-range atmospheric transport for the majority of these compounds,with much higher concentrations for PFRs than for HFRs.Some HFRs,i.e.bis(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate(BEH-TEBP),2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(EH-TBB)and hexabromobenzene(HBBz),had air concentrations comparable to those of PBDEs in some studies.Complementary data for seawater and ice indicate dry deposition of HFRs,while net volatilization from seawater was observed for some PFRs.Studies in the marine environment indicate a wide presence of HFRs in marine biota,but generally at low levels,i.e.typically lower than those of PBDEs.Exceptions exist,namely 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2,3-dibromopropyl ether(TBP-DBPE)and decabromodiphenyl ethane(DBDPE),which were found in concentrations comparable to PBDEs in some species.The same was the case for 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether(TBP-AE)in a study from the terrestrial environment.PFRs generally had low concentrations in biota,probably due to metabolic transformation of PFR triesters,as suggested by in vitro studies.Elevated PFR concentrations occurred in some individuals,generally indicating a larger variability of PFRs in biota than found for HFRs.The commercially important tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)was only detected sporadically,and only in abiotic matrices.展开更多
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(Nos.2014A030313241,2014B090901068,and 2016A010103003)。
文摘By using 6,6-((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene)bis(azanediyl))bis(thiophen-2-ylm-ethylene))bis6H-di-benzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide(DOPO-N)as phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant,the polyurea(PUA)with flame retardant properties(PUA/DOPO-N)was prepared.In addition,organically modified montmorillonite(OMMT)and magnesium hydroxide(MH)were used as co-effectors respectively,and the flame retardant PUA(PUA/DOPO-N/OMMT and PUA/DOPO-N/MH)were also prepared.Thermal properties,flame retardant properties,flame retardant mechanism and mechanical properties of PUA/DOPO-N,PUA/DOPO-N/OMMT and PUA/DOPO-N/MH were investigated by thermogravimetric(TG)analysis,limiting oxygen index(LOI),UL 94,cone calorimeter test,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and tensile test.The results show that the LOI value of PUA/20%DOPO-N,PUA/18%DOPO-N/2%OMMT and PUA/15%DOPO-N/5%MH are 27.1%,27.7%,and 28.3%,respectively,and UL 94 V-0 rating is attained.Compared with PUA,the peak heat release rate(pk-HRR),total heat release(THR)and average effective heat combustion(av-EHC)of PUA/20%DOPO-N,PUA/18%DOPO-N/2%OMMT and PUA/15%DOPO-N/5%MH decrease significantly.SEM results indicate that the residual chars of PUA/20%DOPO-N,PUA/18%DOPO-N/2%OMMT and PUA/15%DOPO-N/5%MH are completer and more compact.The complex of DOPO-N/OMMT and DOPO-N/MH have synergistic flame retardancy.The mechanical properties of PUA can be improved by the addition of DOPO-N,DOPO-N/OMMT and DOPO-N/MH,respectively.The insulation performance test shows that the volume resistivity of PUA/20%DOPO-N is 6.25×10^(16)Ω.cm.Furthermore,by using modified boron nitride(MBN)as heat dissipating material,the complex of PUA/MBN was prepared,and the thermal conductivity of PUA/MBN was investigated.The thermal conductivity of PUA/8%MBN complex coating at room temperature is 0.166 W/(M·K),which is a 163%improvement over pure PUA.
文摘This study was to develop the flame retardant (FR) protective clothing which had multifunction such anti-bacterial, UV cut, FR function with water repellent and water vapor permeable laminating textiles for industrial workers. First of all, the FR yarn and FR textiles were developed for this purpose. Second, the comparison analysis between the halogen laminating textiles and halogen-free laminating textiles were tested to figure out the eco-friendly laminating method. Third, the flame retardant ability was compared the halogen laminated textiles to halogen-free laminated textiles. LOI, UV protection ratio, antibiosis after 50 laundry test, water proof pressure, and moisture permeability of developed textiles were tested. GC-HR-TOF-MS was used for analysis of laminating film (halogen and halogen-free). 4.1 wt% TiO2 yarn showed antibacterial function (Pneumococcus & Staphylococcus aureus: 99.9%), UV Protection (UVA: 90.8, UVB: 92.1), and LOI (33.6). The chosen optimal compounding ratio for PU compound of HRF and HFFR were as followed: PU resin 58.3%, DMF (Dimethyl formamide, δ = 12.2) 8.3%, MEK (Methylethylketone) 8.3% and FR (flame retardants) 25.0%. Binder for laminating should not be included over 10% of FRs because of adhesion between textiles and FR laminating film. There were detected phosphorus compounds in the textiles treated by halogenated type flame retardants and halogenated-free type flame retardants. There were not any detected harmful compounds from all textile samples.
文摘This study was carried out for gathering qualitative information about the potential of photocatalytic oxidation for the removal of trace organics (analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, GC/MS) from biologically pretreated greywater to make it suitable for high quality reuse applications like groundwater recharge. Additionally, fractions of bulk organics (humic substances, building blocks, and low molecular weight organic acids) were quantified by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection. Biologically pretreated greywater was subjected to photocatalytic oxidation in open stirred vessel reactors with UV lamps positioned over the reactors. UV doses of 0, 5, and 15 Wh·L-1 and TiO2 P25 photocatalyst concentrations of 1, 5, 10, and 20 g·L-1 were investigated. Photocatalysis experiments with a 15 Wh·L-1 UV dose were also conducted in the presence of 1 g·L-1 powdered activated carbon. Subsequent to mere contact of the photocatalyst to biologically pretreated greywater without UV, GC/MS did not indicate a substantial removal of trace organics, while humic substances were increasingly adsorbed by increasing photocatalyst concentration. A UV dose of 15 Wh·L-1 and TiO2 concentrations > 5 g·L-1 were favorable conditions for photocatalytic oxidation resulting in the removal of most of the trace organics, especially chlorinated phosphate flame retardants. Also humic substances were efficiently removed under these conditions. Photocatalytic oxidation is thus a promising process for advanced greywater treatment prior to groundwater recharge. Addition of powdered activated carbon did not improve trace and bulk organics removal by photocatalysis with a UV dose of 15 Wh·L-1 and with photocatalyst concentrations > 5 g·L-1.
文摘矿物阻燃填料是传统防火涂料的重要组成部分。基于中国知网数据库、Web of Science数据库和国家知识产权局数据库,检索了1990年至2022年有机防火涂料中矿物阻燃填料研究的文献,介绍了矿物阻燃填料的研究应用情况。文献检索及专利分析表明:进入21世纪以后,国内外对矿物阻燃填料在有机防火涂料中的应用研究关注度呈增长趋势,研究热点主要集中在钢结构防火涂料、阻燃机理、表面改性、热稳定性等方面,矿物阻燃填料研究种类从以氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁为主逐渐转为以氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、可膨胀石墨和黏土矿物为主,种类多样化、成分多样化和结构复杂化是近年来有机防火涂料中矿物阻燃填料的研究趋势,矿物阻燃填料的纳米化、协同阻燃以及表面改性等技术将不断得到发展。
基金supported by Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(20JCJQJC00170)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22001131 and 22175099)+2 种基金Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter of Nankai University(63181206)111 Project(B12015)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2019M660974).
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes have demonstrated high promise to solve the safety problems caused by conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries.However,the inherent flammability of most polymer electrolyte materials remains unresolved,hence hindering their further industrial application.Addressing this challenge,we designed and constructed a thermal-responsive imide-linked covalent organic framework(COF)bearing ortho-positioned hydroxy groups as precursors,which can conduct a thermal rearrangement to transform into a highly crystalline and robust benzoxazole-linked COF upon heating.Benefiting from the release of carbon dioxide through thermal rearrangement reaction,this COF platform exhibited excellent flame retardant properties.By contrast,classic COFs(e.g.,boronate ester,imine,olefin,imide linked)were all flammable.Moreover,incorpo-rating polyethylene glycol and Li salt into the COF channels can produce solid polymer electrolytes with outstanding flame retardancy,high ionic conductivity(6.42×10^(-4) S cm^(-1))and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.95.This thermal rearrangement strategy not only opens a new route for the fabrication of ultrastable COFs,but also provides promising perspectives to designing flame-retardant materials for energy-related applications.
基金We acknowledge the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)and the national programmes in the circumpolar countries for their funding and support of this work.The northern communities in circumpolar regions are acknowledged for their cooperation and collection of biological samples that yielded the data reviewed here.The Danish contribution to this work was supported by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency,under the Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic(DANCEA),grants no.MST-112-191 and MST-113-00082.
文摘Since the ban of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD),other flame retardants may be increasingly used.Thirty-one current-use halogenated(HFRs)and 24 organophosphorous flame retardants(PFRs)have been sought in Arctic ecosystems so far.Air measurements provide evidence of long-range atmospheric transport for the majority of these compounds,with much higher concentrations for PFRs than for HFRs.Some HFRs,i.e.bis(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate(BEH-TEBP),2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(EH-TBB)and hexabromobenzene(HBBz),had air concentrations comparable to those of PBDEs in some studies.Complementary data for seawater and ice indicate dry deposition of HFRs,while net volatilization from seawater was observed for some PFRs.Studies in the marine environment indicate a wide presence of HFRs in marine biota,but generally at low levels,i.e.typically lower than those of PBDEs.Exceptions exist,namely 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2,3-dibromopropyl ether(TBP-DBPE)and decabromodiphenyl ethane(DBDPE),which were found in concentrations comparable to PBDEs in some species.The same was the case for 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether(TBP-AE)in a study from the terrestrial environment.PFRs generally had low concentrations in biota,probably due to metabolic transformation of PFR triesters,as suggested by in vitro studies.Elevated PFR concentrations occurred in some individuals,generally indicating a larger variability of PFRs in biota than found for HFRs.The commercially important tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)was only detected sporadically,and only in abiotic matrices.
