“一带一路”汉班托塔港项目的舆论生态及其影响因素分析

作为连接东西方的航运和商贸中心,斯里兰卡汉班托塔港是“一带一路”倡议的重点项目之一,也是国际舆论关注的焦点。与西方国家普遍将汉班托塔港项目建构为“中国为小国制造债务陷阱”或“中国掠夺性政策”的负面舆论不同,斯里兰卡媒体认可这一项目发挥了促进斯里兰卡经济发展与推进中斯两国关系的正向效应,在“中国债务陷阱论”“港口股份所有权”“港口项目加剧大国博弈”等议题上反映了各利益相关方的政治博弈与话语竞争,展现了复杂、多元的舆论生态。媒体报道显示,斯里兰卡对中斯加深合作既有期待也有疑虑。斯里兰卡民众怀有的“小国对大国处于弱势”的心理倾向、斯里兰卡国内政治局势变化以及大国博弈是影响港口项目舆论生态的内外动因,但项目本身的进展与成效仍是其中的决定性因素。后疫情时期,中国针对汉班托塔港等关键项目需要“软硬并进”,在调整“一带一路”倡议的建设模式、妥善处理债务问题等工作的基础上,改变被动应对西方舆论的局面,为推进更加透明、更加具有可持续性和共商共建的“一带一路”建设营造良好的舆论环境。

斯里兰卡汉班托塔港一期工程围堰混凝土防渗墙施工技术

斯里兰卡汉班托塔港一期工程围堰总长4212m,整个围堰垂直防渗采用塑性混凝土防渗墙的止水型式。在北围堰段淤泥层较厚区域采用下设钢筋网片的刚性混凝土结构,防渗面积约5万m2。施工中成功地解决了临海较厚纯砂层和淤泥层的成槽稳定问题。本文主要介绍防渗墙的施工方法和具有创造性的技术特点。

斯里兰卡国内关于汉班托塔港运营协议的争议及启示

长期以来,中国投资为斯里兰卡战后重建发挥了重要作用,在斯里兰卡受到广泛欢迎。中国已成为斯里兰卡最大投资来源国和第二大贸易伙伴,两国经济合作关系愈加紧密,但近期斯国内围绕中国投资也出现了一些风波乃至争论。中斯汉班托塔港运营协议签署以来,斯国内某些政治团体和部分民众以主权安全、经济效益、土地及工人工作等问题为由举行示威游行,给斯政府造成巨大压力,也有损中方投资形象,使中国企业的投资风险加大。本文建议中方重视这种现象和趋势,予以积极应对,从而增信释疑,规避风险,避免中方投资项目成为斯国内政治斗争和平衡外交的牺牲品。主要措施包括:积极主动进行公共外交,维护中国形象;中企在确保自身利益的同时,也应充分考虑其他利益相关者的合理诉求,承担相应的社会责任,提高企业在斯信任度;加强与斯朝野各方的沟通联系,实现建设性互动,争取各党理解支持,尽量降低党派斗争带来的风险;加快软实力建设,采取适当的文化策略来推动双方深层次合作;进一步明确中斯关系的总体走向,清楚界定各种潜在的挑战和机遇。

汉班托塔港规划建设的认识和思考

港口规划是基于建设条件、建设现状和对未来的发展预测等提出的指导和控制港口发展建设的纲领性文件。本文根据汉班托塔港的规划建设情况,结合港口发展的优劣条件,对汉班托塔港规划建设中面临的问题作出思考。

Dynamic monitoring the infrastructure of major ports in Sri Lanka by using multi-temporal high spatial resolution remote sensing images

Colombo port and Hambantota port in Sri Lanka play a key role in transiting and supporting the shipping trade of ＂the 21 st-Century Maritime Silk Road＂. In recent years, Chinese enterprises have made huge investments in the infrastructure construction of Colombo port and Hambantota port. The construction progress and development trend of Colombo port and Hambantota port have been attracting the attention of Chinese investment enterprises and the society. In this paper, multi-temporal high spatial resolution remote sensing images are used to monitor the infrastructure construction condition of Colombo port and Hambantota port from 2010 to 2017. According to the interpreted infrastructure information of the two ports, the international container terminal of Colombo and Hambantota port have completed their constructions. By the end of 2017, the international container terminal of Colombo built the container yards with 28.8 ha and roads with 32.6 ha. At the south of the international container terminal of Colombo, the 62.2 ha of reclamation area were built for the planned port city. In Hambantota port, 77 ha of container yards, 48 ha of roads and 2.9 ha of oil storage areas were constructed during this period. Meanwhile, the analysis of potential storage capacity of Colombo port and Hambantota port shows that the throughput of Colombo port may increase by 3 million tons per year while the throughput of Hambantota port will be over its designed 2.5 million tons per year. These analysis results are able to provide a useful reference for Chinese investment enterprises and the related research of ＂the Belt and Road＂.