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Anisotropy of Trabecular Bone from Ultra-Distal Radius Digital X-Ray Imaging: Effects on Bone Mineral Density and Age
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作者 Jian-Feng Chen 《Open Journal of Radiology》 2024年第1期14-23,共10页
Background: When applied to trabecular bone X-ray images, the anisotropic properties of trabeculae located at ultra-distal radius were investigated by using the trabecular bone scores (TBS) calculated along directions... Background: When applied to trabecular bone X-ray images, the anisotropic properties of trabeculae located at ultra-distal radius were investigated by using the trabecular bone scores (TBS) calculated along directions parallel and perpendicular to the forearm. Methodology: Data from more than two hundred subjects were studied retrospectively. A DXA (GE Lunar Prodigy) scan of the forearm was performed on each subject to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) value at the location of ultra-distal radius, and an X-ray digital image of the same forearm was taken on the same day. The values of trabecular bone score along the direction perpendicular to the forearm, TBS<sub>x</sub>, and along the direction parallel to the forearm, TBS<sub>y</sub>, were calculated respectively. The statistics of TBS<sub>x</sub> and TBS<sub>y</sub> were calculated, and the anisotropy of the trabecular bone, which was defined as the ratio of TBS<sub>y</sub> to TBS<sub>x</sub> and changed with subjects’ BMD and age, was reported and analyzed. Results: The results show that the correlation coefficient between TBS<sub>x</sub> and TBS<sub>y</sub> was 0.72 (p BMD and age was reported. The results showed that decreased trabecular bone anisotropy was associated with deceased BMD and increased age in the subject group. Conclusions: This study shows that decreased trabecular bone anisotropy was associated with decreased BMD and increased age. 展开更多
关键词 ANISOTROPY Trabecular bone Score bone Mineral Density Ultra-Distal Radius Digital x-ray image
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Imaging Analysis of Trabecular Bone Texture Based on the Initial Slope of Variogram of Ultra-Distal Radius Digital X-Ray Imaging: Effects on Bone Mineral Density and Age
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作者 Jianfeng Chen Qifeng Ying 《Open Journal of Radiology》 2022年第3期78-85,共8页
Background: When applied to trabecular bone X-ray images, a method for analyzing trabecular bone texture based on the initial slope of variogram (ISV) was used to assess the trabecular bone health. Methodology: Data f... Background: When applied to trabecular bone X-ray images, a method for analyzing trabecular bone texture based on the initial slope of variogram (ISV) was used to assess the trabecular bone health. Methodology: Data from more than two hundred subjects were retrospectively studied. For each subject, a DXA (GE Lunar Prodigy) scan of the forearm was performed, and bone mineral density (BMD) value was measured at the location of ultra-distal radius, X-ray digital image of the same forearm was taken on the same day, and ISV value over the same location of ultra-distal radius was calculated. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the correlation between BMD and ISV of the trabecular bones located at the same ultra-distal radius. ISV values changed with subjects’ age were also reported. Results: The results show that ISV value was highly correlated with the DXA-measured BMD of the same trabecular bone located at the ultra-distal radius. The correlation coefficient between ISV and BMD with the 95% confident was 0.79 ± 0.09. They also demonstrated that the age-related changes in trabecular bone health and differentiated age patterns in males and females, respectively. The results showed that the decrease in BMD was accompanied by a decrease in the initial slope of variogram (ISV). Conclusions: This study suggests that ISV might be used to quantitatively evaluate trabecular health for osteoporosis and bone disease diagnosis. 展开更多
关键词 Trabecular bone Texture Digital x-ray image bone Mineral Density Ultra-Distal Radius Initial Slope of Variogram
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Hand bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis:A review of the literature 被引量:18
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作者 Gamze Kilic Salih Ozgocmen 《World Journal of Orthopedics》 2015年第1期106-116,共11页
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease and periarticular osteoporosis or osteopenia of the inflamed hand joints is an early feature of RA Quantitative measurement of hand bone loss may be an... Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease and periarticular osteoporosis or osteopenia of the inflamed hand joints is an early feature of RA Quantitative measurement of hand bone loss may be an outcome measure for the detection of joint destruction and disease progression in early RA. This systematic review examines the published literature reporting hand bone mass in patients with RA, particularly those using the dual X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) methods The majority of the studies reported that hand bone loss is associated with disease activity, functional statusand radiological progression in early RA. Quantitative measurement of hand bone mineral density by DXA may be a useful and practical outcome measure in RA and may be predictive for radiographic progression or functional status in patients with early RA. 展开更多
关键词 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS hand bone density Dual x-ray ABSORPTIOMETRY PERIARTICULAR Osteoporosis
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Radiological Estimation of Age from Hand Bone in Sudanese Infants and Toddlers
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作者 Mohammed H. Karrar Alsharif Ali Hassan A. Ali +2 位作者 Abbas Elbakry A. Elsayed Abubaker Y. Elamin Deya Eldin A. Mohamed 《Open Journal of Internal Medicine》 2014年第1期13-21,共9页
Age determination is one of the most important factors for identification. Unfortunately, births are not recorded regularly in Sudan, especially in rural areas. However, identification of age is very important for a v... Age determination is one of the most important factors for identification. Unfortunately, births are not recorded regularly in Sudan, especially in rural areas. However, identification of age is very important for a variety of reasons, including identifying legal and criminal responsibility, and for many other social events such as beginning a job, marriage, retirement and joining the army. The study aimed to find the reliability of using international methods to estimate bone age of people through hand bone radiograph in Sudanese people by studying the reliability of using hand bone age “the digital atlas of hand age” which depended on Greulich and Pyle (GP) and Tanner and Whitehouse (TW2/3) methods in Sudanese people in exact group of age, and to compare the hand and wrist bone development between Caucasian and Sudanese people. The study was conducted on 48 samples (26 males and 22 females) from the center of Sudan. The study was made by conventional X-Ray taken from Sudanese newborn babies to 2 and 3 years old for males and females respectively. Those images were taken mostly from the emergency and orthopedic outpatient departments. The ages were grouped in the same ways and periods used in the atlas. So the criteria were tested, and the outcomes were compared with international standards in the atlas of hand bone age. There is evidence that skeletal maturation may vary between difference ethnic and socioeconomic groups of children or among children living in various geographical locations. It is found that there is reliability and applicability of using the atlas in Sudanese people with considering that there might be mild variations between Sudanese and Caucasian people’s hand and wrist bone development in which Caucasian people bone growth was earlier than the Sudanese people bones about 1 - 2 months. 展开更多
关键词 hand bone Age INFANTS TODDLERS x-ray
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CVIP-Net: A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Model for Forensic Radiology Image Classification
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作者 Syeda Naila Batool Ghulam Gilanie 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第1期1319-1332,共14页
Automated and autonomous decisions of image classification systems have essential applicability in this modern age even.Image-based decisions are commonly taken through explicit or auto-feature engineering of images.I... Automated and autonomous decisions of image classification systems have essential applicability in this modern age even.Image-based decisions are commonly taken through explicit or auto-feature engineering of images.In forensic radiology,auto decisions based on images significantly affect the automation of various tasks.This study aims to assist forensic radiology in its biological profile estimation when only bones are left.A benchmarked dataset Radiology Society of North America(RSNA)has been used for research and experiments.Additionally,a locally developed dataset has also been used for research and experiments to cross-validate the results.A Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)-based model named computer vision and image processing-net(CVIP-Net)has been proposed to learn and classify image features.Experiments have also been performed on state-of-the-art pertained models,which are alex_net,inceptionv_3,google_net,Residual Network(resnet)_50,and Visual Geometry Group(VGG)-19.Experiments proved that the proposed CNN model is more accurate than other models when panoramic dental x-ray images are used to identify age and gender.The specially designed CNN-based achieved results in terms of standard evaluation measures including accuracy(98.90%),specificity(97.99%),sensitivity(99.34%),and Area under the Curve(AUC)-value(0.99)on the locally developed dataset to detect age.The classification rates of the proposed model for gender estimation were 99.57%,97.67%,98.99%,and 0.98,achieved in terms of accuracy,specificity,sensitivity,and AUC-value,respectively,on the local dataset.The classification rates of the proposed model for age estimation were 96.80%,96.80%,97.03%,and 0.99 achieved in terms of accuracy,specificity,sensitivity,and AUC-value,respectively,on the RSNA dataset. 展开更多
关键词 bones forensic analysis forensic radiology biology profile estimation age&gender estimation using dental x-ray images
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Anti-Interference Study on Radiographic Bone Age Estimation Based on Artificial Intelligence Model
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作者 Songzheng Huang Jianfeng Chen 《Open Journal of Radiology》 2023年第4期232-245,共14页
In this paper, the interferences of X-ray image noise on a bone age model, Xception model, were studied. We conduct a comparative experiment test according to the output performance of the neural network model using b... In this paper, the interferences of X-ray image noise on a bone age model, Xception model, were studied. We conduct a comparative experiment test according to the output performance of the neural network model using both the original image training and noise-added (Gaussian noise plus salt-pepper noise) training, and analyze the anti-interference ability of the Xception model, hoping to improve it through noise enhancement training and generalize the application ability of the model. The results show that the model trained with noise-added (Gaussian noise plussalt-pepper noise) images can make predictions that are more robust and less affected by the image disturbances, such as image noise. 展开更多
关键词 bone Age x-ray image Xception Model Gaussian Noise Salt-Pepper Noise
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Micro CT三维重建手舟骨相关显微影像解剖学数据测量 被引量:5
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作者 刘卫华 唐曦 +1 位作者 王智 李鑫 《中国组织工程研究》 CAS CSCD 2014年第22期3537-3541,共5页
背景:目前国内外学者对外科治疗手舟骨骨折作了大量的应用解剖学研究,而有关手舟骨的显微影像解剖学研究国内外文献报道甚少。目的:运用Micro CT测量手舟骨相关影像解剖学数据,为手舟骨骨折的外科治疗提供显微影像解剖学基础。方法:实... 背景:目前国内外学者对外科治疗手舟骨骨折作了大量的应用解剖学研究,而有关手舟骨的显微影像解剖学研究国内外文献报道甚少。目的:运用Micro CT测量手舟骨相关影像解剖学数据,为手舟骨骨折的外科治疗提供显微影像解剖学基础。方法:实验从成都医学院局解实验室随机选取80侧(左右各40侧)国人成人干燥手舟骨标本,未分性别。应用游标卡尺测量舟骨和Micro CT扫描标本,用Micro CT自带三维重建系统分析手舟骨三维骨结构,并逐一测量:①舟骨的纵轴长度。②舟骨嵴的近端宽度。③舟骨嵴的腰部宽度。④舟骨嵴的远端宽度。⑤舟骨结节高度。⑥舟骨结节厚度。⑦舟骨结节宽度。⑧舟骨体部最小厚度。⑨舟骨腰部的厚度。⑩舟骨腰部的宽度。结果与结论:Micro CT三维成像可以看出:手舟骨结节部的宽度和厚度比较接近,整个手舟骨结节部形似圆锥;手舟骨腰部连接结节部与体部;体部前后径明显大于左右径,体部的舟头关节面与舟桡关节面相邻处骨质是整个手舟骨最薄的地方。手舟骨结节部、腰部及体部的桡背侧部分有明显的血管压迹贯穿,并因此形成其纵轴及背嵴。对所测量结果进行统计学分析,结果显示Micro CT所测得的各径线值与游标卡尺所测得数据差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。左右侧手舟骨Micro CT三维成像的各部分测量值差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。说明Micro CT所测得数据具有很高的准确性,依据Micro CT三维重建后的手舟骨测量数据及影像解剖特点,可为外科治疗手舟骨骨折时设计内固定器械提供显微影像解剖学理论依据。 展开更多
关键词 植入物 骨植入物 舟骨 骨折 MICROCT 测量 影像学 解剖学
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提高CT图像手骨模型重建精度的方法 被引量:2
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作者 张永弟 岳彦芳 +1 位作者 杨光 申振华 《计算机辅助设计与图形学学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2017年第10期1802-1806,共5页
为提高在体骨骼模型的3D重建精度,对CT扫描方式和利用CT图像重建骨骼模型的方法进行研究,提出一种基于灰度特征搜索匹配点的图像层间插值算法.该算法根据插值点相邻层邻近点的灰度值特征选择参考点;以参考点为依据在另一相邻层图像某区... 为提高在体骨骼模型的3D重建精度,对CT扫描方式和利用CT图像重建骨骼模型的方法进行研究,提出一种基于灰度特征搜索匹配点的图像层间插值算法.该算法根据插值点相邻层邻近点的灰度值特征选择参考点;以参考点为依据在另一相邻层图像某区域内搜索与参考点灰度相近并且距离较小的匹配点;利用参考点和匹配点灰度值以及距离关系计算插值点灰度值.对人体9块手骨进行模型重建,将原始CT图像重建模型和插值优化后的重建模型分别与解剖模型进行比较的结果表明,优化前与优化后平均正偏差均值由0.30 mm减小到0.11 mm,平均负偏差均值由0.27 mm减小到0.09 mm. 展开更多
关键词 3D骨骼重建 图像层间插值 CT图像 手骨 精度分析
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基于深度学习的儿童手骨X光图像骨龄评估方法 被引量:4
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作者 张帅 张俊华 《航天医学与医学工程》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第3期252-259,共8页
目的提出一种基于深度学习的端到端儿童手骨X光图像骨龄评估框架,以实现高精度全自动骨龄评估。方法由手骨分割网络和骨龄回归网络组成模型,手骨分割网络采用Mask-RCNN分割出手骨区域,分割后的手骨区域直接输入回归网络进行骨龄评估。其... 目的提出一种基于深度学习的端到端儿童手骨X光图像骨龄评估框架,以实现高精度全自动骨龄评估。方法由手骨分割网络和骨龄回归网络组成模型,手骨分割网络采用Mask-RCNN分割出手骨区域,分割后的手骨区域直接输入回归网络进行骨龄评估。其中,回归网络以Xception为基础模型进行改进,在Xception输出后接入卷积块注意模块,以从通道和空间两个独立的维度细化特征映射,来获取更有效的特征;同时,将图像和性别信息作为网络的双输入,通过增加性别信息平衡不同性别的手骨发育差异。在RSNA儿童骨龄挑战数据集上评估模型。结果预测骨龄的平均绝对误差为4.96个月,超过6个研究团队所用骨龄评估方法的精确度。结论通过分割手骨区域、嵌入卷积块注意模块并关联性别信息,能提高骨龄评估的精确度,可应用于实际临床评估。 展开更多
关键词 手骨X光图像 骨龄评估 深度学习 MaskR-CNN Xception 卷积块注意模块
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Assessment of bone marrow changes in postmenopausal women with varying bone densities: magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging 被引量:13
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作者 LIU Yong TANG Guang-yu TANG Rong-biao PENG Yi-feng LI Wei 《Chinese Medical Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第12期1524-1527,共4页
Background Recent studies suggest that bone marrow adipose tissue might play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. There are inconsistent findings on the relationship among marrow fat content, bone mineral densi... Background Recent studies suggest that bone marrow adipose tissue might play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. There are inconsistent findings on the relationship among marrow fat content, bone mineral density and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). This study aimed to prospectively explore the efficacy of MR spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWl) in detecting vertebral marrow changes in postmenopausal women with varying bone densities. Methods Both MRS and DWl of the lumber spine were performed in 102 postmenopausal women (mean age, (67.3±6.5) years; range, 55-83 years), who underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry. Marrow fat content and ADC were compared and correlated among three groups: 24 with normal bone density, 31 with osteopenia and 47 with osteoporosis. Results Vertebral marrow fat content was significantly increased in the osteoporotic group ((65.60±7.68)%, P 〈0.001) and the osteopenic group ((57.68±6.45)%, P 〈0.001), when compared with the normal bone density group ((51.67±3.27)%). ADC values were significantly decreased in the osteoporotic group ((0.39±0.03)×10^-3mm^2/s, P 〈0.001) and in the osteopenic group ((0.42±0.02)×10^-3mm^2/s, P 〈0.001), when compared with the normal bone density group ((0.47±0.03)×10^-3mm^2/s). The marrow fat content negatively correlated with both bone density (r=-0.731, P 〈0.001) and marrow ADC (r=-0.572, P 〈0.001). The bone density positively correlated with the ADC values (r=0.802, P 〈0.001). Conclusions Postmenopausal women experience a corresponding increase in vertebral marrow fat content as the bone density decreases. Marrow fat content and ADC correlate to the bone density. MRS and DWl may indirectly assess the early bone marrow changes in postmenopausal women. 展开更多
关键词 OSTEOPOROSIS 1H MRS diffusion weighted imaging bone marrow dual x-ray absorptiometry
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Bone diseases in rabbits with hyperparathyroidism: computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology 被引量:12
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作者 BAI Rong-jie CONG De-gang +2 位作者 SHEN Bao-zhong HAN Ming-jun WU Zhen-hua 《Chinese Medical Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第15期1248-1255,共8页
Background Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) occurs at an early age and has a high disability rate. Unfortunately, confirmed diagnosis in most patients is done at a very late stage, when the patients have shown typical symp... Background Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) occurs at an early age and has a high disability rate. Unfortunately, confirmed diagnosis in most patients is done at a very late stage, when the patients have shown typical symptoms and signs, and when treatment does not produce any desirable effect. It has become urgent to find a method that would detect early bone diseases in HPT to obtain time for the ideal treatment. This study evaluated the accuracy of high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with spiral computed tomography (SCT) scan in detecting early bone diseases in HPT, through imaging techniques and histopathological examinations on an animal model of HPT. Methods Eighty adult rabbits were randomly divided into two groups with forty in each. The control group was fed normal diet (Ca:P = 1:0.7); the experimental group was fed high phosphate diet (Ca:P = 1:7) for 3, 4, 5, or 6-month intervals to establish the animal model of HPT. The staging and imaging findings of the early bone diseases in HPT were determined by high field MRI and SCT scan at the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th month. Each rabbit was sacrificed after high field MRI and SCT scan, and the parathyroid and bones were removed for pathological examination to evaluate the accuracy of imaging diagnosis. Results Parathyroid histopathological studies revealed hyperplasia, osteoporosis and early cortical bone resorption. The bone diseases in HPT displayed different levels of low signal intensity on T1WI and low to intermediate signal intensity on T2WI in bone of stage 0, Ⅰ, Ⅱ or Ⅲ, but showed correspondingly absent, probable, osteoporotic and subperiosteal cortical resorption on SCT scan. Conclusion High field MRI combined with SCT scan not only detects early bone diseases in HPT, but also indicates staging, and might be a reliable method of studying early bone diseases in HPT. 展开更多
关键词 HYPERPARATHYROIDISM bone diseases models animal magnetic resonance imaging tomography x-ray computed
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图像型全自动骨龄评测算法及应用研究进展 被引量:1
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作者 贾阳 陈伟光 +4 位作者 王海娟 杜涵容 韩俊岗 靳晓辉 杨斌 《西安邮电大学学报》 2021年第4期65-78,共14页
通过分析图像型全自动骨龄评测算法所依赖的医学基础理论,对比图像型全自动骨龄评测中必要的图像分割方法和特征预测模型。归纳总结基于深度学习的自动骨龄评测算法,包括各类深度神经网络模型、模型训练所使用的数据集和骨龄评测结果等... 通过分析图像型全自动骨龄评测算法所依赖的医学基础理论,对比图像型全自动骨龄评测中必要的图像分割方法和特征预测模型。归纳总结基于深度学习的自动骨龄评测算法,包括各类深度神经网络模型、模型训练所使用的数据集和骨龄评测结果等。此外,介绍骨龄评测中使用的其他数据采集方法及图像型全自动骨龄评测的发展情况,分析常见的几种全自动骨龄评测软件及系统,并对目前图像型全自动骨龄评测中存在的问题进行讨论与展望。 展开更多
关键词 全自动骨龄评测 深度学习 手骨分割方法 X线片
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Malignant giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath of the right hip:A case report 被引量:1
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作者 Wen-Peng Huang Ge Gao +4 位作者 Qi Yang Zhao Chen Yong-Kang Qiu Jian-Bo Gao Lei Kang 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2022年第29期10763-10771,共9页
BACKGROUND Malignant giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath(MGCTTS)is an extremely rare malignant tumor originating from synovial and tendon sheath tissue with highly aggressive biological behavior and a high rate of l... BACKGROUND Malignant giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath(MGCTTS)is an extremely rare malignant tumor originating from synovial and tendon sheath tissue with highly aggressive biological behavior and a high rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis which should be considered a highly malignant sarcoma and managed aggressively.How to systemically treat MGCTTS remains a challenge.In this case,a patient with MGCTTS suffered a recurrence after 2 surgical resections received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy,but the treatment outcome remained poor.More clinical trials and better understanding of the biology and molecular aspects of this subtype of sarcoma are needed while novel medicines should be developed to efficiently target particular pathways.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old man presented with persistent dull pain in the right groin accompanied by limited right hip motion starting 6 mo ago.Two months before his attending to hospital,the patient’s pain worsened,presenting as severe pain when standing or walking,limping,and inability to straighten or move the right lower extremity.Surgical excision was performed and MGCTTS was confirmed by pathology examination.Two recurrences occurred after surgical resection,moreover,the treatment outcome remained poor after adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy.The patient died only 10 mo after the initial diagnosis.CONCLUSION MGCTTS is characterized by a joint mass with pain and limited motion.It typically grows along the tendons and infiltrated into the surrounding muscle and bone tissue,with a stubborn tendency to relapse,as well as pulmonary metastasis.Radically surgical resection provides a choice of treatment whereas post-operation care should be taken to preserve the function of the joint.Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used as alternative treatments when radical resection cannot be performed. 展开更多
关键词 MALIGNANT Tenosynovial giant cell tumor RECURRENCE Magnetic resonance imaging bone scintigraphy Treatment x-ray computed tomography Case report
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骨龄X射线图像的手骨兴趣区域定位研究 被引量:3
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作者 宋日刚 《计算机应用与软件》 CSCD 北大核心 2014年第7期226-228,232,共4页
在骨龄自动评价系统研究过程中,对X射线图像中手骨兴趣区域进行定位是一份艰巨的工作。为了能准确定位手骨兴趣区域(ROI),提出一种先用改进的脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)对手腕骨进行二值分割,然后根据手骨特征信息提取指骨边缘并对其进行... 在骨龄自动评价系统研究过程中,对X射线图像中手骨兴趣区域进行定位是一份艰巨的工作。为了能准确定位手骨兴趣区域(ROI),提出一种先用改进的脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)对手腕骨进行二值分割,然后根据手骨特征信息提取指骨边缘并对其进行曲线拟合,接着在原图中沿曲线用Sobel算子定位到手骨ROI的方法。定位准确率为93.9%的实验结果表明该方法是有效的。 展开更多
关键词 脉冲耦合神经网络 骨龄 兴趣区域 图像分割 手骨
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Malignant giant cell tumor in the left upper arm soft tissue of an adolescent:A case report
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作者 Wen-Peng Huang Li-Na Zhu +2 位作者 Rui Li Li-Ming Li Jian-Bo Gao 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2021年第15期3704-3710,共7页
BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor of soft tissue(GCT-ST)is an extremely rare low-grade soft tissue tumor that is originates in superficial tissue and rarely spreads deeper.GCT-ST has unpredictable behavior.It is mainly beni... BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor of soft tissue(GCT-ST)is an extremely rare low-grade soft tissue tumor that is originates in superficial tissue and rarely spreads deeper.GCT-ST has unpredictable behavior.It is mainly benign,but may sometimes become aggressive and potentially increase in size within a short period of time.CASE SUMMARY A 17-year-old man was suspected of having a fracture,based on radiography following left shoulder trauma.One month later,the swelling of the left shoulder continued to increase and the pain was obvious.Computed tomography(CT)revealed a soft tissue mass with strip-like calcifications in the left shoulder.The mass invaded the adjacent humerus and showed an insect-like area of destruction at the edge of the cortical bone of the upper humerus.The marrow cavity of the upper humerus was enlarged,and a soft tissue density was seen in the medullary cavity.Thoracic CT revealed multiple small nodules beneath the pleura of both lungs.A bone scan demonstrated increased activity in the left shoulder joint and proximal humerus.The mass showed mixed moderate hypointensity and hyperintensity on T1-weighted images,and mixed hyperintensity on T2-weighted fat-saturated images.The final diagnosis of GCT-ST was confirmed by pathology.CONCLUSION GCT-STs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors and monitored for large increases in size. 展开更多
关键词 bone scan Giant cell tumor Soft tissue Tomography x-ray computed Magnetic resonance imaging Case report
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