We assessed genetic and environmental effectson bone development of the hand and wrist, andon key anthropometric measures in Chinese youngtwins. In total, 139 monozygotic and 95 dizygotictwin pairs aged from 5 to 18 y...We assessed genetic and environmental effectson bone development of the hand and wrist, andon key anthropometric measures in Chinese youngtwins. In total, 139 monozygotic and 95 dizygotictwin pairs aged from 5 to 18 years were recruited.The twin correlations of total hand and wrist scoresfor monozygotic （MZ） and dizygotic （DZ） twins were0.71 and 0.36, respectively. Bivariate modelanalysis showed moderate genetic correlations onlyfor total skeletal maturity vs. weight and totalskeletal maturity vs. waist circumference （r, 0.51and 0.46, respectively）. Our findings demonstratedthat genetic factors played important roles in bonedevelopment of the hand and wrist in Chineseyoung twins, and that these genetic effects mightbe distinct from those influencing anthropometricmeasures.展开更多
用19种植物花粉对间泽钝绥螨Amblyseius aizawai Ehara et Bhandliu-falck进行了食性试验,结果表明均能取食,并能使雌螨产卵。以其中9种花粉作发育历期观察,一个生活周期4.25～8.55天。饲育存活率较高的花粉有丝瓜、棕榈、石榴和桦木,...用19种植物花粉对间泽钝绥螨Amblyseius aizawai Ehara et Bhandliu-falck进行了食性试验,结果表明均能取食,并能使雌螨产卵。以其中9种花粉作发育历期观察,一个生活周期4.25～8.55天。饲育存活率较高的花粉有丝瓜、棕榈、石榴和桦木,存活率达70.00～82.00％;产卵期10.00～40.80天,平均产卵期最长的有玉米、混合花粉和马桑花粉;产卵量10.00～74.00粒,平均产卵量最高的有丝瓜、混合花粉和石榴的花粉;饲育其雌性比最高的是丝瓜花粉;以8种花粉饲养成螨,寿命最长的是马桑、玉米、混合花粉和石榴花粉。展开更多
The skill of robotic hand-eye coordination not only helps robots to deal with real time environment,but also afects the fundamental framework of robotic cognition.A number of approaches have been developed in the lite...The skill of robotic hand-eye coordination not only helps robots to deal with real time environment,but also afects the fundamental framework of robotic cognition.A number of approaches have been developed in the literature for construction of the robotic hand-eye coordination.However,several important features within infant developmental procedure have not been introduced into such approaches.This paper proposes a new method for robotic hand-eye coordination by imitating the developmental progress of human infants.The work employs a brain-like neural network system inspired by infant brain structure to learn hand-eye coordination,and adopts a developmental mechanism from psychology to drive the robot.The entire learning procedure is driven by developmental constraint： The robot starts to act under fully constrained conditions,when the robot learning system becomes stable,a new constraint is assigned to the robot.After that,the robot needs to act with this new condition again.When all the contained conditions have been overcome,the robot is able to obtain hand-eye coordination ability.The work is supported by experimental evaluation,which shows that the new approach is able to drive the robot to learn autonomously,and make the robot also exhibit developmental progress similar to human infants.展开更多
【目的】提出5岁以下婴幼儿骨龄评价方法。【方法】研究样本为《中国人手腕骨发育标准-中华05》研究中5岁以下组的2 468名(男1 245,女1 223)儿童,使用以概率单位法计算的TW3骨发育等级出现年龄为骨发育指数,采用LMS方法拟合手腕部桡尺...【目的】提出5岁以下婴幼儿骨龄评价方法。【方法】研究样本为《中国人手腕骨发育标准-中华05》研究中5岁以下组的2 468名(男1 245,女1 223)儿童,使用以概率单位法计算的TW3骨发育等级出现年龄为骨发育指数,采用LMS方法拟合手腕部桡尺、掌指骨(radius,ulna and short bones,RUS)、腕骨(carpal,CARP)(R+C)以及单独CARP的发育指数百分位数曲线。【结果】绘制出手腕部R+C和CARP法骨发育指数P3、P10、P25、P50、P75、P90、P97评价图,拟合百分位数曲线下受试者例数的百分数与理论期望值相差在0.1%～2.3%之间。手腕骨发育速度存在明显的性别差异,男女R+C骨发育指数分别在1岁和0.5岁后、CARP发育指数分别在1.5岁和1岁后迅速增加,而且女童增加速度均明显大于男童。【结论】男女婴幼儿手腕部骨化中心在0.5岁后陆续出现,可参考使用R+C和CARP骨发育指数百分位数曲线图评价婴幼儿骨龄。展开更多
文摘We assessed genetic and environmental effectson bone development of the hand and wrist, andon key anthropometric measures in Chinese youngtwins. In total, 139 monozygotic and 95 dizygotictwin pairs aged from 5 to 18 years were recruited.The twin correlations of total hand and wrist scoresfor monozygotic （MZ） and dizygotic （DZ） twins were0.71 and 0.36, respectively. Bivariate modelanalysis showed moderate genetic correlations onlyfor total skeletal maturity vs. weight and totalskeletal maturity vs. waist circumference （r, 0.51and 0.46, respectively）. Our findings demonstratedthat genetic factors played important roles in bonedevelopment of the hand and wrist in Chineseyoung twins, and that these genetic effects mightbe distinct from those influencing anthropometricmeasures.
文摘用19种植物花粉对间泽钝绥螨Amblyseius aizawai Ehara et Bhandliu-falck进行了食性试验,结果表明均能取食,并能使雌螨产卵。以其中9种花粉作发育历期观察,一个生活周期4.25～8.55天。饲育存活率较高的花粉有丝瓜、棕榈、石榴和桦木,存活率达70.00～82.00％;产卵期10.00～40.80天,平均产卵期最长的有玉米、混合花粉和马桑花粉;产卵量10.00～74.00粒,平均产卵量最高的有丝瓜、混合花粉和石榴的花粉;饲育其雌性比最高的是丝瓜花粉;以8种花粉饲养成螨,寿命最长的是马桑、玉米、混合花粉和石榴花粉。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.6120333661273338 and 61003014)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program)(No.2013CB329502)
文摘The skill of robotic hand-eye coordination not only helps robots to deal with real time environment,but also afects the fundamental framework of robotic cognition.A number of approaches have been developed in the literature for construction of the robotic hand-eye coordination.However,several important features within infant developmental procedure have not been introduced into such approaches.This paper proposes a new method for robotic hand-eye coordination by imitating the developmental progress of human infants.The work employs a brain-like neural network system inspired by infant brain structure to learn hand-eye coordination,and adopts a developmental mechanism from psychology to drive the robot.The entire learning procedure is driven by developmental constraint： The robot starts to act under fully constrained conditions,when the robot learning system becomes stable,a new constraint is assigned to the robot.After that,the robot needs to act with this new condition again.When all the contained conditions have been overcome,the robot is able to obtain hand-eye coordination ability.The work is supported by experimental evaluation,which shows that the new approach is able to drive the robot to learn autonomously,and make the robot also exhibit developmental progress similar to human infants.
文摘【目的】提出5岁以下婴幼儿骨龄评价方法。【方法】研究样本为《中国人手腕骨发育标准-中华05》研究中5岁以下组的2 468名(男1 245,女1 223)儿童,使用以概率单位法计算的TW3骨发育等级出现年龄为骨发育指数,采用LMS方法拟合手腕部桡尺、掌指骨(radius,ulna and short bones,RUS)、腕骨(carpal,CARP)(R+C)以及单独CARP的发育指数百分位数曲线。【结果】绘制出手腕部R+C和CARP法骨发育指数P3、P10、P25、P50、P75、P90、P97评价图,拟合百分位数曲线下受试者例数的百分数与理论期望值相差在0.1%～2.3%之间。手腕骨发育速度存在明显的性别差异,男女R+C骨发育指数分别在1岁和0.5岁后、CARP发育指数分别在1.5岁和1岁后迅速增加,而且女童增加速度均明显大于男童。【结论】男女婴幼儿手腕部骨化中心在0.5岁后陆续出现,可参考使用R+C和CARP骨发育指数百分位数曲线图评价婴幼儿骨龄。
