Characteristic of laser-MIG hybrid welding with filling additional cold wire for aluminum alloy

The weld appearance, deposition rate, welding efficiency, stability of arc, laser keyhole characteristic, and weld property were studied by using a novel laser-MIG hybrid welding process with filling wire of aluminum alloy. The results were also compared with those by conventional laser-MIG hybrid welding process. It was found that with the suitable process parameters this novel welding process for aluminum alloy was stable and final weld bead had fine appearance. Compared to conventional laser-MIG hybrid welding process, during this novel welding process the stability of arc, the laser keyhole characteristic and the weld property were similar, while the keyhole cycle frequency and keyhole opening area had differences of 1.23% and 15.34%, respectively, and the welding efficiency increased by about 31% without increasing heat input.

Effect of wire mesh interlayer in explosive cladding of dissimilar grade aluminum plates

Explosive cladding of Al 5052–Al 1100 plate, interfaced with a stainless steel wire mesh interlayer, is attempted. Loading ratio and standoff distance were varied. An increase in loading ratio (R) and standoff distance (S) enhances the plate velocity (Vp), dynamic bend angle (β) and pressure developed (P). The interface morphology of the explosive clads confirms strong metallurgical bond between the wire mesh and aluminum plates. Further, a smooth transition from straight to undulating interlayered topography is witnessed. The introduction of a wire mesh, as interlayer, leads to an improvement in mechanical strength with a slender reduction in overall corrosion resistance of the “explosive clads”.

A STUDY OF CONTINUOUS EXTRUSION-CLADDING PROCESSFOR PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM-CLADDING STEEL WIRE

In this study the process of cladding steel wires with aluminum is investigated experimentally. It is studied how the cladding process and the quality of products are influenced by the aluminum deformation temperature, the wheel speed, the temperature of steel wire, the wire speed and the steel wire tensile force. The relation among the process parameters above is discussed, and the effect of the aluminum deformation temperature on the coating microstructure is analyzed. This paper suggested a reasonable range of process parameters for producing aluminum cladding steel wires.

Temperature dependence of microstructure and texture in cold drawn aluminum wire

The effect of strain and drawing temperature on the evolution of microstructure and fiber textures of aluminum wiresdrawn at room temperature and cryogenic temperature was investigated by TEM and EBSD observations.The results show that lowangle boundaries frequency increases and high angle boundaries frequency decreases with strain increasing when the strain is low.Athigh strain,most of grain and dislocation boundaries are parallel to the drawn direction and low angle boundaries frequencydecreases and high angle boundaries frequency increases with strain increasing.The decrease of deformation temperature leads tomicrostructure finer and low angle boundaries frequency increasing.Texture analysis indicates that volume fraction of complextexture component decreases with strain increasing and a mixture of?111?and?100?fiber texture forms at high strain.?111?is stableat low strains but?100?becomes stable at high strain.The decrease of temperature can enhance the stability of?111?orientation athigh strain.

EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ON CONDUCTANCE OF ALUMINUM WIRE

Effects of Rare Earth(Hereafter RE)on the conductance of high-purity and industrial-purity aluminum wires have been studied.RE increases the resistivity of the high-purity aluminum.No evidence has been found that RE will decrease the resistivity of industrial-pure aluminum under various RE content including 0.3%Ce.The individual role of RE and its combined effects with Fe and Si have been discussed too.

Corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy AA7022 wire fabricated by friction stir extrusion

Friction stir extrusion(FSE)is known as an innovative manufacturing technology that makes it possible to directly produce wire via consolidation and extrusion of metal chips or solid billets.In this study,wire samples were produced using aluminum alloy AA7022 machining chips by the use of the FSE.To this end,the microstructures and mechanical properties of the base material(BM)and the extruded samples were investigated.The corrosion resistance of the given samples was also determined using potentiodynamic polarization technique.The results showed that the samples manufactured at higher rotational speeds possessed good surface quality,the process temperature and the grain size similarly increased following the rise in rotational speed,and the mechanical properties consequently decreased.Using the FSE led to crystallite refinement,increase in volume fraction of grain boundaries,as well as re-distribution of precipitates affecting corrosion resistance.Furthermore,the findings of the corrosion tests revealed that the produced samples by the FSE had adequate corrosion resistance and the growth in die rotation rate augmented current density and subsequently reduced corrosion resistance.

TIG welding-brazing joint of aluminum to stainless steel with hot wire

TIG welding-brazing process with high frequency induction hot wire technology was presented to create joints between 5A06 aluminum alloy and SUS32! stainless steel using ER1100 filler wire with different temperature. The joints were evaluated by mechanical test and microstructural analyses. The welding procedure using hot fiUer wire （400 ℃ ） significantly increases strength stability by 71% and average value of tensile strength by 30. 8 % of the joints, compared with cold wire. The research of microstructures in interfaces and welded seams reveals that using 400 ℃ hot filler wire can decrease the thickness of intermetallic compounds （ IMCs ） from 6 to 3.5 txm approximately, which is the main reason of mechanical property improvement.

DRAWING OF ALUMINUM-CLAD STEEL WIRE BY FORCE-FEED LUBRICATION

The force feed lubrication method is used for drawing aluminum clad steel wire. It is studied how deformation of wire and aspect of the lubricant film are influenced by the die angle, the reduction, the drawing speed and the gap between pressure die and wire. It has been concluded that when the factors above mentioned promote to thicken lubricant film, the drawing force is reduced and this favors the homogenous deformation of aluminum coating and steel core.

A nanoparticle formation model considering layered motion based on an electrical explosion experiment with AI wires

To study the evolution of nanoparticles during Al wire electrical explosion,a nanoparticle formation model that considered layered motion was developed,and an experimental system was set up to carry out electrical explosion experiments using 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm Al wires.The characteristic parameters and evolution process during the formation of nanoparticles were calculated and analyzed.The results show that the maximum velocities of the innermost and outermost layers are about 1200 m·s-1and 1600 m·s-1,and the velocity of the middle layer is about 1400 m·s-1,respectively.Most of the nanoparticles are formed in the temperature range of2600 K-2500 K.The characteristic temperature for the formation of Al nanoparticles is~2520K,which is also the characteristic temperature of other parameters.The size distribution range of the formed nanoparticles is 18 to 110 nm,and most of them are around 22 nm.The variation of saturated vapor pressure determines the temperature distribution range of particle nucleation.There is a minimum critical diameter of particles(~25 nm);particles smaller than the critical diameter can grow into larger particles during surface growth.Particle motion has an effect on the surface growth and aggregation process of particles,and also on the distribution area of larger-diameter particles.The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments.We provide a method to estimate the size and distribution of nanoparticles,which is of great significance to understand the formation process of particles during the evolution of wire electrical explosion.

高强铝合金电弧增材制造的研究进展

高强铝合金因具有高强度、低密度、优异的延展性和抗腐蚀性,成为了航空航天和汽车应用零件最常用的金属材料之一。电弧增材制造技术具有快速原位成形制造复杂结构零部件的能力,非常适用于中型或大型高强铝合金铝部件的制造。本文综合分析了高强铝合金电弧增材制造工艺和设备研发现状、高强铝合金电弧增材的固有属性和缺陷以及主要的性能优化手段,讨论了组织和性能的固有特征和复合增材制造技术对组织和性能的影响。针对电弧增材制造高强铝合金不可忽略的本质冶金缺陷、特征性能需求和多种优化工艺的优劣等问题,提出了电弧增材制造高强铝合金综合评价体系、成分设计和丝材开发、专用热处理制度和复合增材制造技术的协同性等发展方向,以期为电弧增材制造高强铝合金的性能提升和应用推广提供重要参考。

镍-铝丝材间隙对镍铝涂层显微组织及力学性能的影响

采用轧制与拉拔法制备了间隙不同的镍-铝丝材,研究了原材料中镍芯与铝皮间隙对涂层显微组织及力学性能的影响,利用体式显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机、显微硬度计检测了涂层的显微组织、成分和力学性能。结果表明:随着原材料中Ni与Al间隙增加,镍铝涂层的组织形貌、孔隙率无明显变化,涂层中Al2O3比例增加,NixAly金属间化合物比例降低;在力学性能方面,随原材料中Ni与Al间隙增加,镍铝涂层结合强度降低,显微硬度增加。

2219铝合金CMT电弧增材熔滴过渡行为

在冷金属过渡(cold metal transfer,CMT)电弧增材制造过程中,熔池的流动行为极易受到电弧和熔滴的影响,从而严重影响堆积层的稳定性和成形件质量.该文利用高速摄影结果及电信号参数波形图,引入热输入量计算公式,从特征电信号、熔滴过渡特征量、热输入量等方面定量分析了CMT+P模式下送丝速度及脉冲修正系数对熔滴过渡过程及单道成形形貌的影响,同时分析了脉冲变极性冷金属过渡(Advanced CMT,CMT+PA)模式下送丝速度及控制面板上的EP/EN修正系数η对熔滴过渡过程及单道成形形貌的影响,为后续工艺优化提供参考和指导.

沉积策略对电弧增材制造5356铝合金显微组织、缺陷和力学性能的影响

基于电弧增材制造技术(WAAM)研究往复扫描(RS)、振荡扫描(OS)和垂直扫描(VS)3种沉积策略对5356铝合金(AA5356)构件的影响,探讨5356铝合金构件的显微组织、缺陷和力学性能。结果表明:相比于RS和OS策略,VS策略使得构件的热量分布均匀。VS策略的显微组织主要由等轴晶组成,使得显微硬度最高值达到HV 77.25。VS策略使得构件的气孔率和微孔尺寸分别下降了45.52%和19.81%,从而改善了拉伸性能。因此,VS策略为获得显微组织均匀、力学性能优异的AA5356构件提供了一种新的解决方案。

送丝速度对铝/钢激光熔钎焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用ER2319焊丝进行了6061-T6铝合金/Q235镀锌钢光纤激光熔钎焊接,分析了送丝速度对接头成型、显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:当激光功率为1.2 kW,焊接速度为1.2 m/min时,送丝速度在1.2~3.0 m/min范围内均可获得有效接头。接头的抗拉强度随着送丝速度的增加呈现先上升后减小的趋势,当送丝速度为2.4 m/min时平均抗拉强度达到最大值,为116.15 MPa。当送丝速度为1.8、2.4 m/min时,接头的上下表面的金属间化合物层可控制在10μm以内,而对接界面处的金属间化合物层厚度随着送丝速度的改变变化不明显,对接界面的IMC层主要由FeAl、FeAl_(2)、Fe_(4)Al_(13)相组成。接头的断裂形式为典型的解理断裂模式,而位于润湿铺展在钢表面的铝合金处则为韧性断裂。

电弧增材镍铝青铜的组织与性能

镍铝青铜合金由于其在海水中的高耐腐蚀性能、抗生物污染性能和良好的抗空化冲击性能,被广泛运用于船舶螺旋桨的制造,但传统的铸造镍铝青铜由于材料成本过高,并且性能已不再适用于现今越来越高的要求.为了获得性能优异的镍铝青铜构件,采用了电弧增材制造技术成功制造了镍铝青铜合金构件,研究了铸造镍铝青铜和电弧增材的镍铝青铜的微观组织和力学性能的差异.结果表明,与铸态镍铝青铜合金相比,电弧增材制造的镍铝青铜合金有更细小的微观组织,κⅠ相的析出被抑制,绝大多数的β′相转变为α+κⅢ的共析组织,元素分布更均匀.与铸态镍铝青铜相比(545 MPa,20%),电弧增材制造的镍铝青铜构件展现了更加优异的力学性能,极限抗拉强度达到700 MPa,断后伸长率达到38%.

电弧增材制造2219铝合金热变形组织演变及本构方程

采用热压缩方法研究了电弧增材制造2219铝合金的热变形行为,变形温度为360~510℃,应变速率为0.01~10 s^(-1)。分析了温度和应变速率对流变应力和微观组织的影响,采用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦函数建立了电弧增材制造2219铝合金热变形本构方程。结果表明,电弧增材制造2219铝合金热压缩峰值应力随温度的升高和应变速率的降低而逐渐降低。电弧增材合金在420℃及以下温度仅发生滑移变形,450℃及以上发生动态再结晶,480℃为最佳锻造温度,发生完全动态再结晶,可有效细化增材晶粒。本构方程以动态再结晶温度(450℃)为临界点分为两段,动态再结晶温度以下变形激活能为212.53 kJ·mol^(-1),动态再结晶温度以上为163.37 kJ·mol^(-1)。沿晶界分布的共晶θ相在热压缩过程中发生破碎和固溶,变形温度越高或应变速率越小,固溶程度越高。

电弧增材制造纳米TiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织与性能研究

在金属材料中引入第二相粒子是提高金属材料力学性能的重要手段之一。本文提出一种Al6061铝箔包裹TiC和Al6061的混合粉末形成一种特殊填料焊丝的TiC/Al6061复合材料电弧增材制造的新方法,并分别研究质量分数为1%、2%和3%的TiC颗粒对制备的铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响。结果表明,TiC质量分数为3%的复合材料与基体材料相比,试样的平均晶粒尺寸由45.5μm减小到25.3μm,细化了44.4%;抗拉强度和屈服强度由148.5 MPa和118.0 MPa提升到178.1 MPa和157.3 MPa,分别提升了19.9%和33.3%;平均显微硬度由50.5HV增加至65.2HV,提升了29.1%。理论结合及试验分析表明,TiC的载荷传递强化和晶粒细化以及Orowan强化机制,是材料力学性能提高的主要原因。

电弧增材制造铝合金的“控形”和“控性”技术研究现状

电弧增材制造铝合金具有沉积速度快、设备成本低、材料利用率高等优点,受到工业界和学术界的极大关注。但电弧增材制造固有的熔化和凝固特性决定最终材料存在“控形”“控性”的难题。本文从“控形”“控性”两方面对电弧增材制造铝合金的国内外进展进行分析,重点阐述了工艺参数优化、在线处理方式如基板预热、冷轧、熔池在线监测、微铸锻、搅拌摩擦焊等,以及后处理方式,讨论了不同技术的发展现状及趋势,并提出电弧增材制造铝合金“控形”“控性”的发展方向。

四种铝合金焊丝电弧增材制造构件的成形质量和组织性能对比研究

为了比较不同铝合金焊丝对电弧增材制造过程的适应性,选用ER1070、ER2A12、ER4043和ER5356四种典型铝合金焊丝,采用脉冲MIG电弧熔丝增材制造方法,在同等热输入条件下电弧增材制造直壁构件。通过热分析、表面波纹度计算、微观组织观察、硬度和力学性能测试,研究了四种焊丝在电弧增材成形、组织结构及力学性能方面的差异。结果表明,ER5356焊丝在电弧沉积过程中产生的飞溅最少,相应的直壁构件Al5356成形质量最好,表面波纹度值最小。四种铝合金直壁构件的微观组织差异明显,其中Al1070组织最粗大,孔隙缺陷最多;Al2A12组织为细小的等轴晶,Al4043的组织为发达Al-Si共晶,Al5356的基体最致密。力学性能测试显示,四种铝合金直壁构件在X向的抗拉强度高于Z向,Al1070和Al4043在X向和Z向上的延伸率差异比Al2A12和Al5356的大。Al1070的平均硬度和抗拉强度最低,但延伸率最高;Al2A12的平均硬度和抗拉强度最高,但延伸率不足10%,组织内存在的微裂纹限制了其力学性能的进一步提升;Al5356的平均抗拉强度略低于Al2A12,平均延伸率超过20%,表现出较好的综合力学性能。综上所述,ER5356焊丝更适合电弧增材制造铝合金构件,Al5356构件具有最佳的综合性能。

铝合金耐火电缆在民用建筑工程中的应用研究

简要介绍铝合金耐火电缆的分类、生产工艺及电缆构造,通过分析铝合金耐火电缆耐火性能试验报告、检测依据,对比铝合金耐火电缆与铜芯耐火电缆的性能,对铝合金耐火电缆在民用建筑工程中应用的可行性进行探讨和研究。