Concrete structures may suffer considerable restraint stresses during their hardening period. This is caused by several deformation impacts, especially temperature field changings due to hydration heat and volume chan...Concrete structures may suffer considerable restraint stresses during their hardening period. This is caused by several deformation impacts, especially temperature field changings due to hydration heat and volume changes due to autogenous shrinkage. Mainly affected are massive concrete members, but also the application of new concrete types or the erection of outstanding constructions requires further investigations in this context. 3D-FEM analyses of hydration heat induced temperature development in combination with the well known shrinkage give sufficient results for the deformation impact. The according elastic restraint stresses can be determined with consideration of the concrete’s rising elastic modulus and the restraint degree of the system. But due to duration of the heat flow process, the height of restraint stresses is strongly dependent from the viscoelasticity of the concrete. The viscoelastic effects consist of many components constituted by changing material properties influencing themselves. In practice, different simplified approaches are available for considering this in calculations. Their implementation in time step analyses is not generally admitted and requires expertise. In contrast, present research develops material models needing specific input parameters for every use case. This contribution focuses on a practicable approach considering the superposition of the viscoelastic behaviour of every stress increment in time step FEM analysis. The differentiation between the pure viscoelastic material behaviour (as it is given in the codes for idealistic conditions like creep or relaxation) and the according viscoelastic system response (addicted to the systems variable restraint degree) allows the transfer of this model into practice. As one application example of this approach, the compatibility check and the FEM-based recalculation of the monitoring program of a massive power plant slab will be presented.展开更多
具有屈服后硬化刚度减震结构的输入能计算中,等效速度谱一般通过改变结构阻尼比获得,这与实际不符,而不同的反应谱对输入能的计算精度影响较大。本文旨在构建综合考虑结构参数、场地类别和地震类型的等效速度谱,为相关减震结构能量设计...具有屈服后硬化刚度减震结构的输入能计算中,等效速度谱一般通过改变结构阻尼比获得,这与实际不符,而不同的反应谱对输入能的计算精度影响较大。本文旨在构建综合考虑结构参数、场地类别和地震类型的等效速度谱,为相关减震结构能量设计提供参考。基于此,首先,建立了考虑屈服后硬化刚度影响的能量平衡方程及其运动方程,并构建了具有屈服后硬化刚度单自由度(single degree of freedom,SDOF)体系等效速度谱计算程序;其次,选取了不同场地类别和地震类型的120条地震记录,利用上述程序分析了屈服后硬化刚度、阻尼比、延性系数、场地类别和地震类型等五种因素对等效速度的影响规律;最后,利用数据拟合工具提出了综合考虑多因素影响的等效速度谱计算公式并与程序计算结果对比。研究表明:等效速度随硬化刚度系数的增大呈减小趋势,但对等效速度谱的下降段影响较小,同时,等效速度随延性系数和阻尼比增大也有减小趋势,但阻尼比影响更为显著。展开更多
小应变硬化土(hardening soil with small strain stiffness,HSS)模型能反映土体在小应变范围内的非线性,广泛应用于土工变形分析。海上风电基础对变形控制要求高,需考虑土体的小应变特性。通过固结试验、三轴固结排水试验、三轴固结排...小应变硬化土(hardening soil with small strain stiffness,HSS)模型能反映土体在小应变范围内的非线性,广泛应用于土工变形分析。海上风电基础对变形控制要求高,需考虑土体的小应变特性。通过固结试验、三轴固结排水试验、三轴固结排水加卸载试验与共振柱试验,获得了江苏大丰海域海洋土HSS模型主要参数,并建立了HSS模型相关模量参数与土体物理参数之间的关系。试验成果可为海洋土HSS模型分析及参数取值提供重要参考,具有一定的工程价值。展开更多
The deflection properties of elastic stage, elastoplastic stage and plastic stage of elastomer were analyzed. Taking account of the kinetic friction force in friction interface and strain hardening in slow sliding int...The deflection properties of elastic stage, elastoplastic stage and plastic stage of elastomer were analyzed. Taking account of the kinetic friction force in friction interface and strain hardening in slow sliding interface,the elastic, elastoplastic and plastic normal contact stiffness model for harsh surface was established, which revised the Majumdar-Bhushan fractal model and made it more perfect. In the combination of macro and micro perspective, the effects of coarse surface fractal variables, kinetic friction force in the friction interface, material characters of the friction couples on the contact status and contact property were discussed by the study of digital analysis.Results imply that the normal contact stiffness improves with the increasing real contact area and normal contact load, and reduces with the augment of kinetic friction coefficient. When the kinetic friction coefficient is smaller than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness comprises a linear decrease with the increment of kinetic friction coefficient.When the kinetic friction coefficient is bigger than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness has an exponential decrease with the increasing kinetic friction coefficient.展开更多
通过Z-Soil岩土三维分析软件,以小应变硬化土(hardening soil model with small strain stiffness,HSS)模型为基础,建立地连墙与内支撑联合支护的群体基坑开挖的三维数值模型.对基坑土体的的竖向位移以及地连墙的变形和受力进行了分析,...通过Z-Soil岩土三维分析软件,以小应变硬化土(hardening soil model with small strain stiffness,HSS)模型为基础,建立地连墙与内支撑联合支护的群体基坑开挖的三维数值模型.对基坑土体的的竖向位移以及地连墙的变形和受力进行了分析,讨论了基坑间距的影响.分析结果表明:临坑的开挖使紧邻的坑间土堤沉降增加约1倍,使群坑周边沉降增加约10%;先开挖的基坑支护结构受力、变形增大,后续开挖的基坑的地连墙顶会向先开挖基坑方向产生整体侧移,基坑间距越近,影响越明显.展开更多
建立了改进的基于Jacobi椭圆函数的随机平均法,用于预测有界噪声激励作用下硬弹簧和软弹簧系统的随机响应.通过引入基于Jacobi椭圆函数的变换,导出关于响应幅值和激励与响应之间相位差的随机微分方程,应用随机平均原理,将响应幅值近似...建立了改进的基于Jacobi椭圆函数的随机平均法,用于预测有界噪声激励作用下硬弹簧和软弹簧系统的随机响应.通过引入基于Jacobi椭圆函数的变换,导出关于响应幅值和激励与响应之间相位差的随机微分方程,应用随机平均原理,将响应幅值近似为一个Markov扩散过程,建立其平均的Ito随机微分方程.响应幅值的稳态概率密度由相应的简化Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov方程解出;进而得到系统位移和速度的稳态概率密度.以Duffing-Van der Pol振子为例,研究了硬刚度及软刚度情形下的随机响应,通过与Monte Carlo数值模拟结果比较证实了此方法的可行性及精度.由于广义调和函数是基于线性系统的精确解,Jacobi椭圆函数是基于非线性系统的精确解,研究结果表明基于Jacobi椭圆函数的随机平均法得到的结果与Monte Carlo模拟方法更接近.因此与基于广义调和函数的随机平均相比,基于Jacobi椭圆函数更加精确,因为它是基于保守的非线性系统.展开更多
文摘Concrete structures may suffer considerable restraint stresses during their hardening period. This is caused by several deformation impacts, especially temperature field changings due to hydration heat and volume changes due to autogenous shrinkage. Mainly affected are massive concrete members, but also the application of new concrete types or the erection of outstanding constructions requires further investigations in this context. 3D-FEM analyses of hydration heat induced temperature development in combination with the well known shrinkage give sufficient results for the deformation impact. The according elastic restraint stresses can be determined with consideration of the concrete’s rising elastic modulus and the restraint degree of the system. But due to duration of the heat flow process, the height of restraint stresses is strongly dependent from the viscoelasticity of the concrete. The viscoelastic effects consist of many components constituted by changing material properties influencing themselves. In practice, different simplified approaches are available for considering this in calculations. Their implementation in time step analyses is not generally admitted and requires expertise. In contrast, present research develops material models needing specific input parameters for every use case. This contribution focuses on a practicable approach considering the superposition of the viscoelastic behaviour of every stress increment in time step FEM analysis. The differentiation between the pure viscoelastic material behaviour (as it is given in the codes for idealistic conditions like creep or relaxation) and the according viscoelastic system response (addicted to the systems variable restraint degree) allows the transfer of this model into practice. As one application example of this approach, the compatibility check and the FEM-based recalculation of the monitoring program of a massive power plant slab will be presented.
文摘具有屈服后硬化刚度减震结构的输入能计算中,等效速度谱一般通过改变结构阻尼比获得,这与实际不符,而不同的反应谱对输入能的计算精度影响较大。本文旨在构建综合考虑结构参数、场地类别和地震类型的等效速度谱,为相关减震结构能量设计提供参考。基于此,首先,建立了考虑屈服后硬化刚度影响的能量平衡方程及其运动方程,并构建了具有屈服后硬化刚度单自由度(single degree of freedom,SDOF)体系等效速度谱计算程序;其次,选取了不同场地类别和地震类型的120条地震记录,利用上述程序分析了屈服后硬化刚度、阻尼比、延性系数、场地类别和地震类型等五种因素对等效速度的影响规律;最后,利用数据拟合工具提出了综合考虑多因素影响的等效速度谱计算公式并与程序计算结果对比。研究表明:等效速度随硬化刚度系数的增大呈减小趋势,但对等效速度谱的下降段影响较小,同时,等效速度随延性系数和阻尼比增大也有减小趋势,但阻尼比影响更为显著。
文摘小应变硬化土(hardening soil with small strain stiffness,HSS)模型能反映土体在小应变范围内的非线性,广泛应用于土工变形分析。海上风电基础对变形控制要求高,需考虑土体的小应变特性。通过固结试验、三轴固结排水试验、三轴固结排水加卸载试验与共振柱试验,获得了江苏大丰海域海洋土HSS模型主要参数,并建立了HSS模型相关模量参数与土体物理参数之间的关系。试验成果可为海洋土HSS模型分析及参数取值提供重要参考,具有一定的工程价值。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775307,51605255)
文摘The deflection properties of elastic stage, elastoplastic stage and plastic stage of elastomer were analyzed. Taking account of the kinetic friction force in friction interface and strain hardening in slow sliding interface,the elastic, elastoplastic and plastic normal contact stiffness model for harsh surface was established, which revised the Majumdar-Bhushan fractal model and made it more perfect. In the combination of macro and micro perspective, the effects of coarse surface fractal variables, kinetic friction force in the friction interface, material characters of the friction couples on the contact status and contact property were discussed by the study of digital analysis.Results imply that the normal contact stiffness improves with the increasing real contact area and normal contact load, and reduces with the augment of kinetic friction coefficient. When the kinetic friction coefficient is smaller than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness comprises a linear decrease with the increment of kinetic friction coefficient.When the kinetic friction coefficient is bigger than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness has an exponential decrease with the increasing kinetic friction coefficient.
文摘通过Z-Soil岩土三维分析软件,以小应变硬化土(hardening soil model with small strain stiffness,HSS)模型为基础,建立地连墙与内支撑联合支护的群体基坑开挖的三维数值模型.对基坑土体的的竖向位移以及地连墙的变形和受力进行了分析,讨论了基坑间距的影响.分析结果表明:临坑的开挖使紧邻的坑间土堤沉降增加约1倍,使群坑周边沉降增加约10%;先开挖的基坑支护结构受力、变形增大,后续开挖的基坑的地连墙顶会向先开挖基坑方向产生整体侧移,基坑间距越近,影响越明显.
文摘建立了改进的基于Jacobi椭圆函数的随机平均法,用于预测有界噪声激励作用下硬弹簧和软弹簧系统的随机响应.通过引入基于Jacobi椭圆函数的变换,导出关于响应幅值和激励与响应之间相位差的随机微分方程,应用随机平均原理,将响应幅值近似为一个Markov扩散过程,建立其平均的Ito随机微分方程.响应幅值的稳态概率密度由相应的简化Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov方程解出;进而得到系统位移和速度的稳态概率密度.以Duffing-Van der Pol振子为例,研究了硬刚度及软刚度情形下的随机响应,通过与Monte Carlo数值模拟结果比较证实了此方法的可行性及精度.由于广义调和函数是基于线性系统的精确解,Jacobi椭圆函数是基于非线性系统的精确解,研究结果表明基于Jacobi椭圆函数的随机平均法得到的结果与Monte Carlo模拟方法更接近.因此与基于广义调和函数的随机平均相比,基于Jacobi椭圆函数更加精确,因为它是基于保守的非线性系统.
