Research on the Harmonious Development of New Rural Communities under the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Areas

On the basis of offering a definition of New Rural Communities (NRCs), the paper analyzes the values of New Rural Communities and argues that the construction of NRCs is able to contribute to the enhancement of the comprehensive agricultural production capability as well as the development of social productivity. Meanwhile the incomes of the rural residents can be boosted, which denotes the realization of a harmonious society where the achievements of China's reform and development are shared by each citizen. Moreover, the construction of NRCs facilitates the economization of land use and thus improves the overall living standard of the residents, while helping to cut the administrative cost and promote democracy at the primary level. This paper also points out various problems arising during the construction of NRCS in China: blindly following suit in accordance with the modes of the urban communities; lack of funds, which leads to the absence of the supporting mechanisms of NRCs; vague positioning and the ensuing shortage of impetus for continued development. Finally, the paper raises the corresponding measures and suggestions: first, based on reality, make overall planning and scientific arrangement; second, the government should play the dominant role while respecting the principal position of the rural residents and introducing the market mechanism; third, increase science and technology input and attach equal importance to economic and social benefits; fourth, broaden fund-raising channels while completing the supervision mechanism.

Exploring well-being disparities between urban and rural areas:A case study in the Stavropol Territory,Russia

Rural areas are crucial for a country’s sustainable economy.New strategies are needed to develop rural areas to improve the well-being of rural population and generate new job opportunities.This is especially important in countries where agricultural production accounts for a significant share of the gross product,such as Russia.In this study,we identified the key indicators of satisfaction and differences between rural and urban citizens based on their social,economic,and environmental backgrounds,and determined whether there are well-being disparities between rural and urban areas in the Stavropol Territory,Russia.We collected primary data through a survey based on the European Social Survey framework to investigate the potential differences between rural and urban areas.By computing the regional well-being index using principal component analysis,we found that there was no statistically significant difference in well-being between rural and urban areas.Results of key indicators showed that rural residents felt psychologically more comfortable and safer,assessed their family relationships better,and adhered more to traditions and customs.However,urban residents showed better economic and social conditions(e.g.,infrastructures,medical care,education,and Internet access).The results of this study imply that we can better understand the local needs,advantages,and unique qualities,thereby gaining insight into the effectiveness of government programs.Policy-makers and local authorities can consider targeted interventions based on the findings of this study and strive to enhance the well-being of both urban and rural residents.

An Empirical Analysis on the Impact of Rural Financial Development on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents in Heilongjiang Province

The high-quality development of rural finance is an important support for rural revitalization.In recent years,it continuously expands the investment in rural finance in Heilongjiang Province,and optimizes the rural financial service system and mechanism.The overall income level and living conditions of rural residents have been significantly improved,but there still exists income gap between urban and rural residents.Therefore,based on analyzing and combing current situation and problems of rural financial development and urban-rural income gap in Heilongjiang Province,multiple linear regression model is used to study the impact of rural financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in Heilongjiang Province.The research results show that the scale of rural financial development in Heilongjiang Province will enlarge the income gap between urban and rural residents,while rural financial development efficiency and urbanization level reduce income gap between urban and rural residents in Heilongjiang Province.Based on the above conclusions,some policy suggestions to promote the equalization of urban and rural income in Heilongjiang Province are puts forward in this paper.

On the modes of urban-rural networking development in China

This essay tries to reveal the developmental regularity of urban-rural networking manifested by urbanization. The urban-rural networking is a reality and an inexorable trend of development. As a physical existence, the urban-rural networking reflects a result of the interaction between cities and rural areas; it is a necessary and sufficient condition for sustaining progress of cities and rural areas. As an objective developmental tendency, it reflects an urban-rural regional economic process. The author briefly analyzes two contradictory urban-rural developmental views, and puts forward a concept of the mode of urban-rural networking development. The author also analyzes the mode from the perspectives of economics and philosophy.

A Study on the Factors Influencing the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas Based on State-space Model

The increasingly widening income gap between urban and rural areas is affected by many factors. Using the stepwise regression analysis,we find that urbanization level,socio-economic development,education level,financial development scale and financial development efficiency have the greatest impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. By cointegration test,it is found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between these five variables and the income gap between urban and rural areas. We build the state-space model to research the dynamic impact of these factors on the income gap between urban and rural areas. The results show that by improving the level of urbanization,we can effectively narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas,while socio-economic development,the improvement of education level,expansion of financial development scale and financial development efficiency all significantly expand the income gap between urban and rural areas.

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

The Influence of the Urban-Rural Income Disparity on the Industrial Structure—Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region as an Example

In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. However, this paper is from another perspective, based on the social background of high-quality development, the main study is the impact mechanism of urban and rural income gap on the industrial structure, taking the Yangtze River Delta as the main research object, and specifically selecting 22 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which is also one of the highlights of this study. The regression model is constructed by using the intermediary effect, and the four intermediary variables of fiscal expenditure (M1), fixed asset investment (M2), number of patent applications (M3), and total import and export (M4) are selected, which represent the role of the government, fixed asset investment, scientific and technological level and opening-up level, and study and analyze the inherent influence mechanism between each variable. Before doing specific research, I consulted the papers and literature of many other outstanding scholars, among which Cheng Yuhong and Cheng Chi’s “The Influence Mechanism of industrial structure of urban and rural income gap” [1] has great reference value for this paper. According to the research results, under the background of high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas will inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to focus on building a new type of urbanization, accelerating the construction of an urban innovation system, optimizing the rural employment structure to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.

Spatio-temporal analysis of land-use conversion in the eastern coastal China during 1996-2005

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.

Review and Prospect of Development Capability of New Generation Farmers

In the context of dual economic structure,there occurs shift of numerous rural surplus labors in China. As a special group lingering about in the edges of urban and rural areas,the new generation farmers become a hot spot of research. How to help them smoothly become successors of China's agricultural modernization construction is a focus of academic circles. Based on literature review,this paper analyzed connotation of development capability of new generation farmers from agricultural modernization,thinking ability construction,system and policy,and new farmers. Finally,it came up with prospect for development of new generation farmers.

Chinese rural reform:experience,problems and the future

Chinese rural reform has made great achievements and accumulated a wealth of experience since the beginning of reform and opening up 30 years ago.At the core is the rapid and sustained development of the national economy.Currently,there are obstacles in rural reform;for example,the supply and demand of primary products are frequently out of balance,shortages of rural labor occur thanks to structural problems on the supply side,and the equality system between rural and urban citizens has yet to be established.Therefore,to make important breakthroughs,we must change our ideas of controlling the food market;we must improve rural land policy, loosen rural financial supervision,adjust the fiscal expense structure,protect farmers’ legal rights and interests,accelerate the building-up of democracy at the grassroots level,and intensify overall planning and coordination.

Analysis of Rural Development Factors: A Case Study of Hebei Province

On the basis of survey,drawing on economic growth theory,we analyze the main form of exogenous growth and regional applicability in Hebei Province,and point out that some exogenous driving forces are effective ways to accelerate rural construction,such as " the promotion of agriculture by industry" and " developing the rural areas with the aid of the urban areas". However,human capital,technology,incentive institutional arrangement,agricultural industry clusters and other endogenous growth factors are fundamental to sustainable development of rural construction,so it is necessary to make them play a fundamental role in increasing farmers' income and promoting agricultural development.

Measures and Policy Suggestions for Improving Rural Settlements in Guangdong

Since 2000,Guangdong has continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction in rural areas,and indicators for the main construction in the rural areas have met the requirement of remediation.However,the return visit has found that there are still huge gaps in urban and rural settlements.Therefore,this paper comprehensively investigated and scientifically analyzed existing problems in the rural settlements in Guangdong,and proposed that urbanization was the fundamental way to improve the rural settlements by carrying out the strategic planning of the provincial urbanization space and formulating different policies in urban areas and rural areas.Specifically,in the urban areas,the municipal government could coordinate the urban-rural development,formulate a transformation and development plan for villages to be urbanized,and classify the villages into three types in accordance with the degree of influence of villages affected by the cities to set different planning policies.In the rural areas,the provincial government was responsible for rural protection and development together with the county government,and divided the villages into three types according to the regional planning goals to implement different supporting policies for them.

The Path of Rural Revitalization in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas: Taking Southern Jiangsu as an Example

Issues relating to agriculture, countryside, and farmers(called "sannong" in Chinese) are fundamental to China as they directly influence the stability of the country and the well-being of Chinese people. The 19 th CPC National Congress proposed a strategy of rural revitalization, giving priority to the development of "sannong" to promote the modernization of agriculture and the countryside. Since China's reform and opening up, Southern Jiangsu has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization along with the development of township and village industries, making its urbanization rate reaching 75.9%. While significant achievements have been made in urban and rural development, there are still many challenges in rural revitalization. Based on analysis on the characteristics and problems of rural development in Southern Jiangsu, this paper, aiming at rural revitalization, puts forward methods and paths of rural revitalization, such as value cognition, layout optimization, industrial revitalization, ecological livability, and rural governance, which are of practical significance to promote the integrated urban-rural development and the healthy rural development in the region and to provide a reference of rural development for other areas of the country.

Enriching Farmers through Sharing: Improving People’s Livelihood and Well-Being in the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas in China

Shared development is an important means by which to improve people’s livelihood and well-being in the new era. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020), China has made great achievements in the three major aspects of targeted poverty alleviation through industrial development, development of special rural areas, and equalization of urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. In addition, the important experience of multi-agent participation, multi-mode guidance, and multi-line promotion has been accumulated in the individual, regional and urbanrural dimensions. However, there remain some deficiencies, such as low policy efficiency, poor matching ability, and prominent structural problems. At the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025), the task of enriching farmers through sharing has been faced with many challenges, such as major changes in the focus of poverty governance, greater numbers of restraints on the development of special rural areas, and heavy responsibilities of equalizing urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire a profound understanding of the new development concept, and to continuously enrich farmers through sharing in terms of accelerating the improvement of the institutionalized poverty reduction system in the new era, actively building a green development system of agriculture and animal husbandry in special rural areas, and striving to create a fair and complementary urban and rural infrastructure and basic public service system.

The Relationship between Government on One Side and the Market and Society on the Other in China’s Agricultural and Rural Development:An Analytical Framework

The integrated development of urban and rural areas requires that the government take responsibility for the overall development of the countryside. Chinese agricultural and rural policies characterized by state intervention and government leadership have played an important role in promoting agricultural development and increasing farmers’ incomes as well as balancing development in urban and rural areas. However, the effectiveness of current agricultural policies in promoting agricultural productivity is now clearly leveling off. Given this situation, the authors argue that it is imperative to construct a new analytical framework featuring government regulation and guidance of agricultural and rural development. In this framework, the government must clearly define the boundaries between its activities and those of the market and rural social organizations. While fully respecting the fundamental role of the market in allocation of resources and rural self-management, the government should exercise its power as a backstop. Further, the government needs to establish a logical sequence for government functions such as formulating the basic operating system of the market and society, correcting market failure and social dysfunction and cultivating market/social entities. To use this new analytical framework to strengthen and improve its regulation and guidance of agricultural and rural development, the government needs to reform the basic rural management and agricultural support and protection systems and to pay attention to the cultivation of market entities in agricultural production on the basis of agricultural marketization. Furthermore, it needs to construct a basic urban-rural integrated public service system with the government as the leading actor, carry out innovations in the management system of rural society and fully mobilize the social forces to take part in the administration of public affairs. It also needs to reconstruct the system of government administration and management to ensure the thorough implementation of agricultural and rural development policies.

Urbanization Path Selection Toward Harmonious Urban-Rural Development

Unbalanced urban-rural development is one of the most apparent issues in the process of Chinese urbanization.While harmonious urban-rural development is an objective of urbanization,urbanization is also necessary in realizing harmonious urban-rural development.Such development will be an emblem of the implementation of the Scientific View of Development,and may be realized through an urbanization path with integrated urban-rural system,win-win machine for urban and rural areas,integrated urban-rural market,and coordinated urban-rural industrial structures.

Reconstructing Social Capital to Promote Urban Redevelopment:A Case of Lianjiao Area in the Pearl River Delta Region

Guangdong Province started the so-called"three olds redevelopment"in 2009,aiming to advance industrial upgrading.Existing literature points out that appropriate distribution of land rent differential among the stakeholders like urban governments,village collectives,and developers is the most important determinant.Employing the theory of urban regime,the paper focuses on the redevelopment process of the Lianjiao Area in the Pearl River Delta region to reveal how the three entities(government,rural community,and developers)interact.It has been found that the local urban government is the main driver which facilitates the positive accumulation of social capital through the supply of redevelopment policy and fi nancial support.Through the reconstruction of trust of villagers and developers,the government gains the rights to coordinate the redevelopment.As the actual landholder,rural villages represent the profi ts of villagers in bargaining with the other two parties.The improvement in infrastructure and the formulation of detailed redevelopment plans increase the land rent differential,encouraging developers’participation in the redevelopment.The three entities form a negotiation-based development alliance and fi nally lead to successful redevelopment.

关于统筹新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴的思考

本文分析了新时代新征程统筹新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴的必要性,探讨了统筹新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴面临的问题和挑战,进而提出了统筹新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴的指导思想、基本原则和主要目标。在此基础上,提出了统筹新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴的战略思路与对策建议,即要注意发挥规划引领作用,并增强县城、中心镇、特色小镇等的磁力效应;要坚持农业农村优先发展方针,加强对推进乡村全面振兴的政策支持;要全面深化农业农村改革,并强化改革对发展的赋能效应;要深化新型城镇化乃至宏观层面的相关制度创新。

深入学习习近平“三农”工作论述精神

习近平“三农”工作论述是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要部分,具有深刻的理论逻辑与实践理路。其核心在于以高度重视“三农”问题为出发点,向四个维度进行阐释分析:一是高度重视粮食安全;二是坚持农村基本经营制度;三是促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接;四是坚持城乡融合发展。习近平“三农”工作论述将农业现代化建设置于中国特色社会主义现代化进程,在顶层设计角度对农业、农村、农民的现实问题作出回应。认真理解与贯彻习近平“三农”工作论述,有助于理解新时代中国特色社会主义发展阶段,这对于把握新时代“三农”工作的脉搏具有重要意义。

基于Theil指数的长春市城乡义务教育资源配置问题研究

城乡均衡是义务教育均衡发展的重中之重.采用Theil指数分析方法,对2016年至2020年长春城乡义务教育均衡发展情况进行实证研究,重点关注以均衡发展为目标的资源配置指标,如人力资源、物力资源指标.在对2类资源、6项指标现状及问题分析的基础上,提出推进城乡义务教育均衡发展的建议.