Geospatial Analysis of Environmental and Safety Risks of Railways on Vulnerable Land Users in Point Douglas and St. Boniface Communities in Winnipeg, Canada

Train rails are associated with environmental and safety risks, often concentrating industry near their yards and rails. ArcGIS was applied to map the rail network, land uses, and industrial sites in Point Douglas and St. Boniface in Winnipeg, Canada. We identified 123 land uses with vulnerable populations needing assistance in evacuation from hospitals, senior living facilities, schools and early childhood centres within a buffer of two km of the rails and conducted hotspot analysis. About two-fifths of the total population, 39% in Point Douglas and 40% in St. Boniface, are at risk from fire, spill or train derailment involving dangerous goods and requiring evacuations or isolation.

An intelligent identification method of safety risk while drilling in gas drilling

In view of the shortcomings of current intelligent drilling technology in drilling condition representation, sample collection, data processing and feature extraction, an intelligent identification method of safety risk while drilling was established. The correlation analysis method was used to determine correlation parameters indicating gas drilling safety risk. By collecting monitoring data in the safety risk period of more than 20 wells, a sample database of a variety of safety risks in gas drilling was established, and the number of samples was expanded by using the method of few-shot learning. According to the forms of gas drilling monitoring data samples, a two-layer convolution neural network architecture was designed, and multiple convolution cores of different sizes and weights were set to realize the vertical and horizontal convolution computations of samples to extract and learn the variation law and correlation characteristics of multiple monitoring parameters. Finally, based on the training results of neural network, samples of different kinds of safety risks were selected to enhance the recognition accuracy. Compared with the traditional BP(error back propagation) full-connected neural network architecture, this method can more deeply and effectively identify safety risk characteristics in gas drilling, and thus identify and predict risks in advance, which is conducive to avoid and quickly solve safety risks while drilling. Field application has proved that this method has an identification accuracy of various safety risks while drilling in the process of gas drilling of about 90% and is practical.

Integrated Hazard Identification(IHI):A Quick Accident Analysis and Quantification Method for Practitioners

There are many techniques for hazard identification and are divided into shortcut,standard and advanced techniques.Among these,HAZOP and What-If techniques are mostly engaged by practitioners in the chemical process industry.Both of these have certain advantages and limitations,i.e.,HAZOP is structured,and what-if covers broad range of scenarios.There is no hazard identification method,which can cover a broad range of scenarios and is structured in nature.For this purpose,a new technique namely integrated hazard identification(IHI)is proposed in this article that integrates HAZOP and What-If.The methodology is demonstrated via hazard identification study of urea synthesis section.Risk ranking is used to sort out the worst-case scenario.This worst-case scenario is further studied in detail for quantification that is performed using the ALOHA software.This quantification has assisted to detect ammonia concentrations in nearby control room and surroundings for worst-case scenario.It is revealed that if ammonia pump is not stopped within 10 minutes,concentration inside and outside the control room may reach to 384 ppm and 2630 ppm,compared to 1100 ppm(AEGL-3).Thus the proposed method would be easy,time saving and covers more details and would be handy for practicing engineers working in different chemical process industries.

Hazard identification and control in the pre-blasting process

Major mineral hazard identifications should consider perilous types of fatal accidents in collieries from its definition, and then set existent hazardous objects and their relevant amount as referenced factors. Eliminating hazards in systems and decreasing risks are their essential purposes with help of hazard identification, risk evaluation and management. By pre-control on major hazards, fatal accidents are avoided, stuffs＇ safety and healthy are protected, levels of safe management are enhanced, and perpetual systems are built up finally. However, choosing the proper identification and evaluation is a problem all along. Based on specific condition in Jiangou Coal Mine, method of LEC was applied for hazard identification and evaluation in the pre-blasting process within horizontal section top-coal mechanized caving of steep seams. And control measures to of each hazard were put forward. The identification method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. So, it is practical and operable for the method to develop the given scientific research and has a distinctive impact on high efficiency and safety products for pre-blasting in horizontal section top-coal mechanized caving of steep seams.

Hazardous Attitude Factors Influence Risk Perception in General Aviation Pilots

This manuscript presents a research proposal to investigate how hazardous attitudes among general aviation pilots influence pilot performance in aviation accidents. General aviation pilots train to maintain safe flying conditions, but accidents still occur, and human factors figure prominently among the causes of aviation accidents. The levels of hazardous attitudes among pilots may influence the likelihood of engaging in risky flight behaviors that can lead to accidents. This quantitative study aims to determine whether dangerous attitudes impact risk perception in general aviation pilots. The study will focus on two specific hazardous attitudes, “Anti-Authority” and Macho” behaviors. Among the hazardous attitudes identified by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the two attitudes often stand out in accident investigations and pilot narratives. While all hazardous attitudes have inherent dangers, these two attitudes tend to be more frequently cited in accident reports and investigations. Despite rigorous training in safe flying conditions, general aviation accidents still transpire due to human factors. This research hypothesizes that the five attitudes from the hazardous attitude model, particularly Anti-Authority and Macho, significantly shape pilots’ risk perception. The insights from this study would benefit stakeholders, like the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA), Air Safety Institute, and aviation training programs, in creating training modules tailored to reduce such attitudes.

Application effect of safety hazard self-examination mode in nursing risk management in hepatobiliary surgery

Objective:To explore the application effect of safety hazard self-examination mode in nursing risk management in hepatobiliary surgery.Methods:Sixty patients underwent hepatobiliary surgery in two tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province from May 2021 to October 2021.According to the different implementation time,they were divided into 30 cases in the observation group and 30 cases in the control group.The control group adopts routine risk assessment,and the observation group adopts the self-examination mode of potential safety hazards on the basis of routine risk assessment to compare the incidence of nursing risk between the two groups.Results:The observation group had a significantly lower incidence of safety hazards in terms of missing surgical instruments,lack of aseptic operation,and postoperative pressure injuries than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The appropriate hazard self-examination mode in the hepatobiliary operation room is of positive significance to improve the safety awareness of operating staff and the comprehensive ability of operating room nurses.

Formal Safety Assessment of a Marine Seismic Survey Vessel Operation,Incorporating Risk Matrix and Fault Tree Analysis

In maritime safety research,risk is assessed usually within the framework of formal safety assessment(FSA),which provides a formal and systematic methodology to improve the safety of lives,assets,and the environment.A bespoke application of FSA to mitigate accidents in marine seismic surveying is put forward in this paper,with the aim of improving the safety of seismic vessel operations,within the context of developing an economically viable strategy.The work herein takes a close look at the hazards in North Sea offshore seismic surveying,in order to identify critical risk factors,leading to marine seismic survey accidents.The risk factors leading to undesirable events are analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively.A risk matrix is introduced to screen the identified undesirable events.Further to the screening,Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)is presented to investigate and analyse the most critical risks of seismic survey operation,taking into account the lack of historical data.The obtained results show that man overboard(MOB)event is a major risk factor in marine seismic survey operation;lack of training on safe work practice,slippery deck as a result of rain,snow or water splash,sea state affecting human judgement,and poor communication are identified as the critical risk contributors to the MOB event.Consequently,the risk control options are focused on the critical risk contributors for decision-making.Lastly,suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA methodology are highlighted for safer marine and offshore operations in general.

Risk Analysis of Big Data Based on Cloud Computing for the Inspection and Testing of Toxic and Hazardous Substances in Meat Products

Large-scale data emerge in food safety inspection and testing industry with the development of Internet technology in China.This paper was aimed at designing toxic and hazardous substance big data risk analysis algorithm in food safety inspection and testing based on cloud computing^([1]).Cloud computing platform was set up to store the massive extensive data with geographical distribution,dynamic and high complexity from the Internet,and MapReduce^([2]) computational framework in cloud computing was applied to process and compute parallel data.The risk analysis results were obtained by analyzing 1000000 meat products testing data collected from the laboratory management information system based on web.The results show that food safety index IFS < 1,which proves that the food safety state is in good condition.

Hazard identification and risk assessment of Abuja rail mass transit

Due to multiple advantages in terms of capacity,safety,dependability and punctuality,rail mass transit plays a vital role in easing urban traffic congestion.In addition,rail mass transit is environmentally friendly.Even though it is beneficial to passengers in urban areas,security issues have become increasingly serious in recent years.To improve the safety and dependability of the rail mass transit system to some extent and limit the loss to a bare minimum,it is necessary to identify and evaluate the hazards connected with rail mass transit in the early stages of the system’s operation.Against this backdrop,this research employs a riskmatrix approach to examine the dangers connected with Abuja’s rail mass transit system(ARMT).The questionnaire is designed and delivered to 100 participants,including personnel and passengers,to get their perceptions of hazards at the ARMT.The questionnaire is the initial step in the research process.The four safety variables discussed in this study are human error,equipment design failure,environmental conditions and management.Human error is the most significant factor covered in this research.Understanding the source of risk stemming from these four safety variables at the early stages of rail mass transit operation can significantly improve the system’s overall safety and reliability,which can be paramount.According to the findings of the investigations,human-related activity is the most significant possible cause of risk at that ARMT,with a high level of risk portrayed by the data.

Risk assessment: an approach to control hazards in mines

Accidents and injuries related to work are major occupational health problems in most of the industrialized countries.Traditional approaches to manage workplace safety in mines have mainly focused on job redesign and technical aspects of engineering systems.It is being realized that compliance to rules and regulations of mines is a prerequisite;however,it is not sufficient to achieve further reduction in accident and injury rates in mines.Proactive approaches are necessary to further improve the safety standards in mines.Unsafe conditions and practices in mines lead to a number of accidents,which in turn may cause loss and injury to human lives,damages to property,and loss of production.Hazard identification and risk assessment is an important task for the mining industry which needs to consider all the risk factors at workplaces.Applications of risk management approaches in mines are necessary to identify and quantify potential hazards and to suggest effective solutions.In this paper,the following risk estimation techniques were discussed:(i)DGMS(Directorate General of Mines Safety,India)risk rating criterion,and(ii)a matrix based approach.The proposed tools were demonstrated through an application in an opencast coal mine in India.It was inferred that the risk assessment approach can be used as an effective tool to indentify and control hazards in mines.

Risk Assessment from Catchment to Consumers as Framed in Water Safety Plans: A Study from Maiduguri Water Treatment Plant, North East Nigeria

Water safety plan as conceived by WHO can lead to prevention of pollution in each component of water supply chain which leads to ensuring safe drinking water. Risk assessment is one of the key components during the development of water safety plan, achieved by identifying hazardous events and estimating their risk towards implementing control measures. This study reports the risk assessment from catchment to consumers in Maiduguri water treatment plant in Northeast Nigeria. Tools such as the field visits, key informant interviews, questionnaire and water quality monitoring were used to identify the hazards and estimate their risk using semi-quantitative matrix. With the existing control measures, the study showed a total of 33 hazardous events;5 in catchment, 16 in treatment plant, 6 in distribution system and 6 at consumers’ points. The risk score indicated 6 are of medium risk and 9 of high risk. Catchment activities, upgrade of treatment facilities and lack of routine maintenance in the treatment plant, pipeline damages in distribution lines, and consumers’ lack of hygiene knowledge and awareness were found to be the major contributory factors which affect the desired quality. Therefore participation and commitment by all relevant stakeholders are fundamental requisite to manage the identified health risks.

淮安市食品安全风险识别与评估体系构建研究

本文研究淮安市食品安全风险识别与评估体系的构建,分析淮安市食品安全风险的来源,包括源头污染、生产加工环节、流通环节以及消费环节的风险因素,探讨构建淮安市食品安全风险识别与评估体系的原则,并提出构建该体系的具体框架,涵盖风险识别指标体系、风险评估方法与模型以及风险评估的组织实施与管理机制等内容,以期为淮安市食品安全监管工作提供有力的理论支持与实践指导,提升淮安市食品安全保障水平,保障市民的身体健康和生命安全。

Quantified Risk Assessment for Plants Producing and Storing Explosives

This paper presents a methodology for risk assessment of plants producing and storing explosives. The major procedural steps for quantified risk assessment （QRA） in explosive plants are the following： hazard identification, accident sequence modeling, data acquisition, accident sequence quantification, consequence assessment and integration of results. This methodology is demonstrated and applied in an explosive plant consisting of four separate units, which produce detonating cord, nitroglycol, dynamites and ammonium nitrate fuel oil （ANFO）. A GIS platform is used for depicting individual risk from explosions in this plant. Total individual risk is equal to 1.0 × 10^-4/y in a distance of 340m from the center of the plant, and 1.0 × 10^-6/y in a distance of 390m from the center of the plant.

Study of occupation health risk assessment on Chinese coal mine

Factors of occupation health hazard were identified and analyzed, and indexes system of occupation health risk assessment were established by applying fuzzy theory and system safety technique, the weights of index system were obtained by AHP, finally a reasonable mathematics model of occupation health risk assessment was accomplished by an example.

基于前端智能感知的电力基建现场施工安全风险识别系统

针对电力现场作业安全监督管理存在安全风险识别耗时较长的问题,提出融合前端智能感知技术的电力基建现场施工安全风险识别系统。硬件方面,进行了物联网前端感知设备和无人机飞行器设计;软件方面,依托于前端智能感知原理,建立一个前端异构现场施工数据智能感知模块,通过无人机搭载物联网前端感知设备,高效采集电力基建现场的各种信息。在差分计算法的作用下提取异常感知数据,再通过遗传算法进行异常修复。充分考虑电力基建现场各种风险因素,确定施工安全风险评价指标,与模糊聚类最大树算法相结合,识别出施工安全风险级别。系统测试结果表明:所提系统的风险识别时间平均值为6.57min,为现场施工安全风险防范争取了更多时间。

深圳市规划和自然资源行业安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防机制构建探索——以X景区为例

近些年发生的一些重特大事故表明,传统的隐患排查治理不能有效遏制重特大事故发生,亟需通过构建以风险管控为核心、安全风险分级管控与隐患排查治理互联的双重预防机制,将事故控制在萌芽阶段。基于深圳市规划和自然资源行业各类风险特征分析,探索采用极端和现实风险分析方法构建双重预防机制创建模型,以X景区为例,开展双重预防机制创建实际运行研究,最终为推动深圳市规划和自然资源行业双重预防机制构建提供指导。

H地区储煤场改建工程风险管控技术研究

本文依托于某热电厂储煤场改建项目,对改建工程项目中存在的风险进行危险源辨识和风险进行了分析。提出了建设工程项目在施工作业中的风险识别方法为头脑风暴法和德尔菲法相结合,得到了改建项目的初始风险指标并且利用调查问卷法进行指标验证,最终确定了风险指标体系。经过运用DEMATEL结合网络层次分析法(ANP)进行风险评价,得到了各风险因素的全局权重以及局部权重,确定了改建工程项目在运行期间施工中应重点防范的部位和应控制的风险因素,最后针对权重较高的风险因素进行管控策略的实施。

Hazardous and Harmful Factors on Construction Sites and Their Prevention

In this paper, the status quo of safety production on construction sites and the hazardous and harmful factors in the construction process were analyzed, and corresponding suggestions were proposed to make up for the shortcomings of the safety production assurance system standards on construction sites.

Examination of Common Occupational Hazards among Healthcare Workers in a University Healthcare Center in Southeastern Nigeria

Background: Healthcare workers are challenged by an imposing group of occupational hazards. These hazards include exposure to biological and non-biological hazards like ionizing radiation, stress, injury, infectious agents, and chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess common occupational hazards among health workers at the Department of Health Services (DHS), Federal University of Technology, Owerri. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the study, and a self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The SPSS Version 22.0 software was used for the analysis of the descriptive statistics obtained from the study. This study included both clinical and non-clinical health workers. A purposive sampling technique was used in recruiting a total of 94 respondents who participated in the study from September 2020 to April 2021. Results: A total of 94 respondents who participated in the study and among the participants, 33.3% (31) of the respondents were aged 31 - 40 years, and the majority of the health workers, 43.6% (41) had stayed between 1 - 5 years. Also, 92.6% (87) of the health workers have heard of occupational hazards. The study showed that 84.0% (79) of health workers had good knowledge of common occupational hazards. Biological hazards among health workers are 47.9% (45) cuts and wounds, 29.8% (28) direct contact with contaminated specimens/hazardous materials, and 26.6% (26) sharp related injuries, while for non-biological hazards, 44.7% (42) have slipped, tripped or fallen, and 35.1% (33) have been stressed. Common safety measures include 86.2% (81) washing their hands regularly;78.7% (74) using hand gloves;and 85.1% (80) agreeing they use face masks. Conclusion: Despite good knowledge of occupational hazards, participants at DHS were faced with certain hazards. It is recommended that the university, government, and policymakers revise and implement actions to provide health workers at DHS with equipment to encourage safety in work activity.

基于无人机倾斜摄影测量三维建模的区域黄土滑坡识别及特征分析

【研究目的】黄土滑坡是黄土地区人居与城镇建设安全的重大隐患。滑坡识别是滑坡灾害及其他研究工作的基础,因此基于无人机倾斜摄影测量三维建模从不同维度、不同视角直观快速地识别黄土滑坡并进行特征参数提取,能够为黄土滑坡风险识别及风险管理精细化研究提供技术支撑。【研究方法】以宁夏回族自治区固原市彭阳县红河镇西南部的黑牛沟村为研究区,采用无人机倾斜摄影测量数据获取、三维建模、现场验证结合地统计学分析,开展了区域黄土滑坡识别及其特征参数提取和分析。【研究结果】基于三维实景模型确定并分析研究区沟谷沿线地貌凹陷区是否存在陡壁及其周界形态,结合色调、纹理和微地貌等标志实现了黄土滑坡识别,共圈定了23个滑坡,结合现场验证移除2个非滑坡点,最终确定了21个滑坡;滑坡密集分布在主沟和支沟沟口,多呈对滑的形式出现在沟谷两侧且具有群发性;大型及特大型滑坡占比达到57.14%,滑坡的滑动方向主要以西南(阳坡)、东南(半阳坡)为主,相对高差集中在80~120 m,滑坡体坡形多呈凹形坡,滑坡体坡度主要集中在20°~30°;滑坡体土地利用类型主要为植被,其次为裸地,也有一部分为农田,道路和河流占比极少。【结论】基于无人机倾斜摄影测量构建的三维实景模型可从多维度、多视角精确快速地识别区域黄土滑坡,并分析其相关特征参数,能够弥补当前二维平面遥感影像存在的不足;还能够为滑坡易发性、危险性、易损性及风险评估等相关研究提供数据支撑。