In recent years,hazardous materials transportation accidents occur frequently,causing huge casualties and property losses.Risk assessment of hazardous materials transportation has been constantly investigated by resea...In recent years,hazardous materials transportation accidents occur frequently,causing huge casualties and property losses.Risk assessment of hazardous materials transportation has been constantly investigated by researchers and decision-makers.In order to study the research progress of risk assessment of hazardous materials transportation,so as to better reveal relevant problems.This review systematically analyzes the existing literature,from 1991 to 2020,on risk assessment models and methods of hazardous materials transportation,and segregates the relevant studies based on unimodal and intermodal transportation systems.Additionally,an example is considered to analyze the characteristics of each risk assessment model of unimodal transportation,and a novel detailed classification is proposed for the risk assessment problems.The results indicate that the research on the risk assessment model of road transportation of hazardous materials is comprehensive,whereas that based on the railway and intermodal transportations is deficient.In comparison with the traditional risk assessment model,the conditional value-at-risk model presents a flexible decision-making framework for decision-makers and controls risk preference between risk neutrality and risk aversion.Owing to the difficulty in achieving door-to-door railway transportation and the increased risks associated with the intermodal transportation,the conclusion that the risk of railway and multimodal transportation of hazardous materials is lower than that of road transportation is not universal.Transport operators and governments can combine the advantages of different transportation modes,such as low risk,low cost,high flexibility,and high reliability,to achieve public safety and improve the competence of the system.Based on the proposed classification,this review identifies the existing trends and research gaps and summarizes future research directions.展开更多
Introduction: This article describes some possibilities of drone applications for pre-venting and responding hazardous materials disasters. Methods: Apart from reviewing the little professional literature available, t...Introduction: This article describes some possibilities of drone applications for pre-venting and responding hazardous materials disasters. Methods: Apart from reviewing the little professional literature available, the author relied on his own practical expe-rience and adopted other researchers’ related findings. He also applied logical reason-ing, systematization as well as adopting an economic approach—to assess efficiency. Results: There are two basic possibilities for the use of drones in the field of chemical disasters: one is for prevention to support the work of authorities, while the other is connected to the response to accidents or disasters. To summarize the research find-ings, the author explored the typical possibilities for use, illustrating with actual exam-ples to prove their usefulness, identified certain risks and made recommendations on further researches.展开更多
Overbuilding, i.e. capping or decking, of roads assigned for the transportation of dangerous goods in major cities is being considered more often in many countries including Sweden. This type of facility introduces a ...Overbuilding, i.e. capping or decking, of roads assigned for the transportation of dangerous goods in major cities is being considered more often in many countries including Sweden. This type of facility introduces a number of risks and challenges related to rare events, such as dangerous goods accidents in tunnels, with a potential to cause substantial damage, e.g. collapse of buildings on the over site development. Many argue that the major problem associated with risk evaluation of such risks is the lack of commonly agreed acceptance criteria and regulations. Approaching the problem from a scientific perspective suggests that the root cause of this problem has not been adequately identified. However, there are strong indications that it is because the nature of the risk is not adequately addressed in risk analysis. In this study, we have structured the problem and propose ways of making progress in the evaluation of risk exposure and risk control. It is concluded that several challenges are inherent in the risk management of decking over routes for the transport of dangerous goods, and that these must be addressed in order to be able to control the risk. One of the complicating factors is that it is practically and economically impossible to construct the overbuilding so that it can withstand the maximum permissible explosion load. The main conclusions of this study are that overbuilding of dangerous goods routes has the potential to lead to catastrophic events, that the transport of dangerous goods in the future is associated with considerable intrinsic uncertainties, and that the possibility of supervising and controlling the transport of goods is limited once the route is in use.展开更多
In the paper it has reviewed the monitoring of vehicles in the transport of hazardous substances based on the using of GPS/GSM technology. The basic principles of the GPS concept and hardware have been exhibited which...In the paper it has reviewed the monitoring of vehicles in the transport of hazardous substances based on the using of GPS/GSM technology. The basic principles of the GPS concept and hardware have been exhibited which are implemented in locating the vehicle. They have also identified the locating techniques underlying the monitoring process. It has presented an active system for monitoring parameters of the means of transport.展开更多
为加强危险货物道路运输风险源头管控,以危货运输车辆行驶轨迹数据为分析对象,研究安全、经济且符合企业自身偏好的道路运输路径优化选择问题,提出了基于偏好、上下文感知的危险货物道路运输个性化路径推荐方法。首先对危货运输车辆历...为加强危险货物道路运输风险源头管控,以危货运输车辆行驶轨迹数据为分析对象,研究安全、经济且符合企业自身偏好的道路运输路径优化选择问题,提出了基于偏好、上下文感知的危险货物道路运输个性化路径推荐方法。首先对危货运输车辆历史轨迹数据进行处理,通过提取路径安全和经济性特征学习危货运输企业的路径偏好,在此基础上,综合考虑偏好向量间的距离和方向相似性,提出了改进的K-means偏好聚类算法(improved K-means clustering algorithm based on distance and direction similarity measurement,DDM-K-means),获取了路径偏好类别;其次,依据运输任务执行的时间、天气、运距三方面信息,建立了路径上下文向量,并运用Rock聚类算法划分路径的上下文类别,与路径偏好类别共同构成路径信息;最终,基于神经协同过滤提出了危险货物道路运输路径选择优化算法(optimal route selection algorithm based on neural collaborative filtering,NCF-ORS),得到了危货运输企业对各路径类别的偏好排序,从而为企业推荐最优路径。与基线算法比较分析,结果表明危险货物道路运输个性化路径推荐方法<DDM-K-means,NCF-ORS>,平均绝对百分比误差最低。研究结果有助于挖掘车辆轨迹数据中更多的潜在信息,提升个性化路径推荐能力,可为危货运输企业的选线问题提供决策支持。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52078461)the Key R&D Program Projects in Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2019C03098)the Industry-University Cooperative Education Project(Project No.202002003002)
文摘In recent years,hazardous materials transportation accidents occur frequently,causing huge casualties and property losses.Risk assessment of hazardous materials transportation has been constantly investigated by researchers and decision-makers.In order to study the research progress of risk assessment of hazardous materials transportation,so as to better reveal relevant problems.This review systematically analyzes the existing literature,from 1991 to 2020,on risk assessment models and methods of hazardous materials transportation,and segregates the relevant studies based on unimodal and intermodal transportation systems.Additionally,an example is considered to analyze the characteristics of each risk assessment model of unimodal transportation,and a novel detailed classification is proposed for the risk assessment problems.The results indicate that the research on the risk assessment model of road transportation of hazardous materials is comprehensive,whereas that based on the railway and intermodal transportations is deficient.In comparison with the traditional risk assessment model,the conditional value-at-risk model presents a flexible decision-making framework for decision-makers and controls risk preference between risk neutrality and risk aversion.Owing to the difficulty in achieving door-to-door railway transportation and the increased risks associated with the intermodal transportation,the conclusion that the risk of railway and multimodal transportation of hazardous materials is lower than that of road transportation is not universal.Transport operators and governments can combine the advantages of different transportation modes,such as low risk,low cost,high flexibility,and high reliability,to achieve public safety and improve the competence of the system.Based on the proposed classification,this review identifies the existing trends and research gaps and summarizes future research directions.
文摘Introduction: This article describes some possibilities of drone applications for pre-venting and responding hazardous materials disasters. Methods: Apart from reviewing the little professional literature available, the author relied on his own practical expe-rience and adopted other researchers’ related findings. He also applied logical reason-ing, systematization as well as adopting an economic approach—to assess efficiency. Results: There are two basic possibilities for the use of drones in the field of chemical disasters: one is for prevention to support the work of authorities, while the other is connected to the response to accidents or disasters. To summarize the research find-ings, the author explored the typical possibilities for use, illustrating with actual exam-ples to prove their usefulness, identified certain risks and made recommendations on further researches.
文摘Overbuilding, i.e. capping or decking, of roads assigned for the transportation of dangerous goods in major cities is being considered more often in many countries including Sweden. This type of facility introduces a number of risks and challenges related to rare events, such as dangerous goods accidents in tunnels, with a potential to cause substantial damage, e.g. collapse of buildings on the over site development. Many argue that the major problem associated with risk evaluation of such risks is the lack of commonly agreed acceptance criteria and regulations. Approaching the problem from a scientific perspective suggests that the root cause of this problem has not been adequately identified. However, there are strong indications that it is because the nature of the risk is not adequately addressed in risk analysis. In this study, we have structured the problem and propose ways of making progress in the evaluation of risk exposure and risk control. It is concluded that several challenges are inherent in the risk management of decking over routes for the transport of dangerous goods, and that these must be addressed in order to be able to control the risk. One of the complicating factors is that it is practically and economically impossible to construct the overbuilding so that it can withstand the maximum permissible explosion load. The main conclusions of this study are that overbuilding of dangerous goods routes has the potential to lead to catastrophic events, that the transport of dangerous goods in the future is associated with considerable intrinsic uncertainties, and that the possibility of supervising and controlling the transport of goods is limited once the route is in use.
文摘In the paper it has reviewed the monitoring of vehicles in the transport of hazardous substances based on the using of GPS/GSM technology. The basic principles of the GPS concept and hardware have been exhibited which are implemented in locating the vehicle. They have also identified the locating techniques underlying the monitoring process. It has presented an active system for monitoring parameters of the means of transport.
文摘为加强危险货物道路运输风险源头管控,以危货运输车辆行驶轨迹数据为分析对象,研究安全、经济且符合企业自身偏好的道路运输路径优化选择问题,提出了基于偏好、上下文感知的危险货物道路运输个性化路径推荐方法。首先对危货运输车辆历史轨迹数据进行处理,通过提取路径安全和经济性特征学习危货运输企业的路径偏好,在此基础上,综合考虑偏好向量间的距离和方向相似性,提出了改进的K-means偏好聚类算法(improved K-means clustering algorithm based on distance and direction similarity measurement,DDM-K-means),获取了路径偏好类别;其次,依据运输任务执行的时间、天气、运距三方面信息,建立了路径上下文向量,并运用Rock聚类算法划分路径的上下文类别,与路径偏好类别共同构成路径信息;最终,基于神经协同过滤提出了危险货物道路运输路径选择优化算法(optimal route selection algorithm based on neural collaborative filtering,NCF-ORS),得到了危货运输企业对各路径类别的偏好排序,从而为企业推荐最优路径。与基线算法比较分析,结果表明危险货物道路运输个性化路径推荐方法<DDM-K-means,NCF-ORS>,平均绝对百分比误差最低。研究结果有助于挖掘车辆轨迹数据中更多的潜在信息,提升个性化路径推荐能力,可为危货运输企业的选线问题提供决策支持。
