Factors influencing postoperative anxiety and depression following Iodine-131 treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer:A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC)often seriously impacts patients’lives.Radionuclide Iodine-131(131I)is widely used in treating patients with DTC.However,most patients know little about radionuclide therapy,and the treatment needs to be performed in a special isolation ward,which can cause anxiety and depression.AIM To explore anxiety and depression status and their influencing factors after 131I treatment in patients with DTC.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among postoperative patients with DTC who received 131I treatment at our hospital from June 2020 to December 2022.General patient data were collected using a self-administered demographic characteristics questionnaire.The self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale were used to determine whether patients were worried about their symptoms and the degree of anxiety and depression.The patients were categorized into anxiety,non-anxiety,depression,and non-depression groups.Singlevariable and multiple-variable analyses were used to determine the risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with thyroid cancer after surgery.RESULTS A total of 144 patients were included in this study.The baseline mean score of self-rating anxiety and depression scales were 50.06±16.10 and 50.96±16.55,respectively.Notably,48.62%(70/144)had anxiety and 47.22%(68/144)of the patients had depression.Sex,age,education level,marital status,household income,underlying diseases,and medication compliance significantly differed among groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level,per capita monthly household income,and medication compliance level affected anxiety(P=0.015,0.001,and 0.001 respectively).Patient’s sex,marital status,and underlying diseases affected depression(P=0.007,0.001,and 0.009,respectively).CONCLUSION Nursing interventions aiming at reducing the risk of anxiety and depression should target unmarried female patients with low education level,low family income,underlying diseases,and poor adherence to medications.

Iodine 131 Treatment in Graves’ Disease in a West African Country: Preliminary Study about 25 Cases in Senegal

Introduction: Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Its treatment uses synthetic antithyroid drugs but the use of aggressive radical therapy such as surgery or non-aggressive therapy such as iodine-131 is not uncommon. Treatment of Graves’ disease with radioactive iodine or iratherapy is a simple, inexpensive, well-tolerated treatment. It was introduced in Senegal in 2016. We report through this work the preliminary assessment of the only nuclear medicine service in Senegal in the management of Graves’ disease by iodine-131. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of the first cases of Graves’ disease treated with iratherapy in Senegal. Socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects were studied. Radiation protection rules have been implemented and contraception has been effective for six months in women of childbearing age. Results: 25 patients were collected with a mean age of 45 years, twenty women (80%), a family goiter in 24% and a psycho-affective context in 64% of cases. Thyrotoxicosis syndrome was associated with goiter in 68% of patients and exophthalmos in 64%. Thyroid ultrasound performed in 20 patients showed vascular goiter in 80% and thyroid scintigraphy in 3 patients, homogeneous and diffuse hyperfixation. TRAK dosed in 8 patients was still positive. All patients had received first-line medical treatment. The average duration of this treatment was more than 18 months in 92%. The empirically used iodine-131 activity averaged 15.35 mCi. Oral corticosteroid therapy was prescribed in 7 patients for the prevention of malignant orbitopathy. No early side effects were noted. The remission rate at 3 months was 52% and at 6 months was 88% to 92%. Conclusion: The effectiveness of radioactive iodine, in particular ablative doses in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, is no longer to be demonstrated. Taking into account our socioeconomic context, iratherapy should be a treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism with a good quality/price ratio and excellent tolerance.

距离在甲状腺癌患者^(131)I治疗中的屏蔽作用

目的探讨距离在分化型甲状腺癌患者131I治疗后的屏蔽作用。方法 87例甲状腺癌患者术后行131I治疗,分为低剂量组(<3.7 GBq)39例及高剂量组(≥3.7 GBq)48例,分别测量患者在不同距离、不同服药时间点以及1.11 GBq的131I参考源放射性辐射剂量和天然本底的放射性辐射剂量。结果高剂量组DTC患者在服药后1 m距离的辐射剂量明显高于低剂量组(P<0.05);不同剂量组在其它时间点及距离之间辐射剂量差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在服药后第3天,1 m距离的辐射剂量明显低于1.11GBq的131I参考源的辐射剂量(P<0.05),但3 m距离的放射性辐射剂量仍高于天然本底的辐射剂量(P=0.000)。结论分化型甲状腺癌患者在接受131I治疗3 d后辐射剂量迅速降低。服药后第3天辐射剂量明显低于国家规定的1.11 GBq131I的辐射剂量,患者可以予以出院,公众人员在1 m以上的距离接触患者是安全的。

Biodistribution and Anti-tumor Activities of the ^(131)I-labeled Rituximab in Nude Mice Bearing Human Burkitt's lymphoma

OBJECTIVE To explore the biodistribution and anti-tumoractivity of ^(131)I labeled rituximab injected intratumorally orintraperitoneally in vivo in nude mice bearing Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma xenografts.METHODS The rituximab and the mouse IgG were labeled withNa^(131)I using the IODO-GEN method.BALB/C nude mice werexenografted with ^(131)I-Rituximab or ^(131)I-IgG and killed on the 1st,3rd,7th,and 15th day after injection.The tumor/non-tumor ratio(T/NT)and the dose injected in each gram of the tissue(%ID/g)from12 organs or tissues of interest,e.g.tumor,blood,were calculated.The long and short axes of each tumor were measured by calipersat 2-3-day intervals after treatment,and the growth inhibition ofthe tumor was calculated using the MIRD formula.RESULTS When comparing intraperitoneal injection(IP)andintratumoral injection(IT)of ^(131)I-IgG,intratumoral injection of^(131)I-rituximab produced a significantly higher tumor/non-tumorratio in all tissues and organs of interest on the 1st,3rd,and 7thday,respectively(P<0.05).The %ID/g of tumor was 1.4-1.7-foldand 1.5-3.7-fold in the IP and IgG IT groups,respectively,but the%ID/g of non-tumors was significantly lower in the IP group andIgG IT group.Similarly,the tumor growth was greatly inhibitedby intratumoral injection of the ^(131)I-rituximab,whereas it wasless inhibited by other forms of the treatment(P<0.05).However^(131)I-rituximab injected intratumorally inhibited tumor growth ina dose-dependent manner.The inhibition rate was less with alow dose(75μCi)and greater with a high dose(150μCi),yet thedifference was not significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Tumors can absorb the highest amount of theradiolabelled antibodies,and the tumor/non-tumor ratios in thegroup with intratumoral injection of the ^(131)I-rituximab resulted inthe optimal anti-tumor activity.

A Study of the Thermal Decomposition of CH3131I in a Gas Flow in the Presence of “Fizkhmin”TM Granulated Materials

Thermal decomposition of a volatile organic compound of radioactive iodine, methyl iodide CH3131I, in a gas flow in the presence of various modifications of “Fizkhmin”TM granulated materials based on silica gel impregnated with d-elements was studied. Under comparable experimental conditions, 97% - 99% decomposition of CH3131I is achieved at ~770?C without sorbents and at ~540?C and ~465?C in the presence of straight silica gel and of the material based on it, impregnated with compounds of Ni or its mixture with Cu (8 - 10 wt%), respectively.

水体中碘131的去除

在日本发生了灾难级地震之后,放射性碘(I-131)受到越来越多人的关注。而事故中福岛核电站泄露的碘131排放到水体和大气中,它们可以扩散到很远的地方。这些放射性碘对人体和环境的危害十分巨大,其中人体器官甲状腺的受危害程度最高。主要阐述了水体中碘131的处理方法,特别是吸附法,同时也对这些方法目前存在的问题进行讨论研究。

Use of Radioiodinated Peptide Arg-Arg-Leu Targeted to Neovascularization as well as Tumor Cells in Molecular Tumor Imaging

Objective： To explore a tumor peptide imaging agent Arginine-Arginine-Leucine （Tyr-Cys-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg- Leu-Gly-Gly-Cys, tripeptide RRL [tRRL]） that targeted to tumor cells and tumor-derived endothelial cells （TDECs） and primarily investigate the possible relationship between tRRL and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 （VEGFR-2）. Methods： The tRRL sequence motif was identified as a tumor molecular marker specifically binding to TDECs. Tyrosine was conjugated to the amino terminal of RRL （Cys-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg-Leu-Gly-Gly-Cys） for labeling with radionuclide iodine-131 （1311-tRRL）. The uptake ability and molecular binding of tRRL to tumor cells and angiogenic endothelium were studied using flow cytometry and radioactivity counter in vitro. Whether VEGFR-2 is the binging site of tRRL was investigated. Biodistribution and single-photon emission computed tomography （SPECT） imaging of 131-tRRL were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this new imaging agent to visualize varied tumor xenografts in nude mice. Results： In vitro cellular uptake experiments revealed that tRRL could not only adhere to tumor angiogenic endothelial cells but also largely accumulate in malignant tumor cells. VEGFR-2, which is highly expressed on TDECs, was probably not the solely binding ligand for tRRL targeted to tumor angiogenic endothelium, 131-tRRL mainly accumulated in tumors in vivo, not other organs at 24 h after injection. SPECT imaging with 131-tRRL clearly visualized tumors in nude mice, especially at 24 h. Conclusion： Radioiodinated tRRL offers a noninvasive of tumors targeted to neovascularization, and may be a carrier. nuclear imaging method for functional molecular imaging promising candidate for tumor radioimmunotherapeutic carrier,

Estimation of Atmospheric Stability Classification for the North Coast of Egypt

Studies of atmospheric dispersion are essential to both the site selection of a nuclear power plant and the evaluation of the environmental impacts of nuclear operations. Atmospheric stability plays the most important role in the dispersion of air pollutants. The focus of attention in the present study is the estimation of the degree of stability of the atmosphere for the north coast of Egypt to evaluate the ability of the atmosphere to disperse pollutants. A FORTRAN program （Appendix 1） is presented to determine atmospheric stability using the Pasquill-Tunner Method PTM, which defines the turbulent state of the atmosphere and also reflects upon the dispersion capabilities of the atmosphere at the site. This method used several meteorological factors such as wind speed, insulation, cloud cover height and type. Meteorological data from Matrouh stations in Egypt is applied for a simulated model. The total patterns of stability classification, both monthly and seasonal patterns, are determined, also the stability-wind rose and stability-wind summary are provided. Finally prediction of Iodine surface air concentration is reported as well as the annual effective dose for I- 131 as a case study.

碘-131治疗甲状腺功能亢进的远期疗效及其与抗甲状腺药的比较

目的：研究碘-131对治疗甲状腺功能亢进的远期疗效及其与抗甲状腺药的比较。方法选取2010年8月至2012年8月甲状腺功能亢进症患者100例，将其随机分为观察组和对照组，每组50例。观察组使用碘-131进行治疗，对照组使用抗甲状腺药（ ATD）进行治疗，比较两组患者用药后的远期疗效、复发率和不良反应的发生率。结果观察组患者使用碘-131后，治愈46例，有效3例，无效1例；对照组使用ATD后，治愈33例，有效10例，无效7例，观察组有效率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。观察组出现不良反应24例，对照组出现不良反应11例；观察组复发2例，对照组复发10例，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。结论甲状腺功能亢进患者使用碘-131的远期疗效比使用ATD药物的患者疗效显著，且复发率更低，值得临床上推广和使用。