Fatty Acid Composition of Hazelnut Kernel Oil from Coula edulis Collected in the Republic of Congo

Coula edulis is non-timber forest product (NTFP) used in Africa for its hazelnuts, which contain edible seeds with a demonstrated nutritional potential. However, there have been very few scientific studies of this species in the Republic of Congo. Thus, the aim of the current study was therefore to determine the fatty acid composition of the oil extracted from Coula edulis hazelnut seeds collected at random in the Republic of Congo. The oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method and its fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. The extracted oil from Coula edulis hazelnut kernels is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (95.28%), particularly oleic acid (94.5%), which classifies it as an oleic oil and gives it interesting nutritional and therapeutic properties. On the other hand, saturated fatty acids (4.15%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.35%) are not well represented. Its low poly-unsaturated fatty acid content makes it more stable when stored at room temperature.

Business Model Analysis of Shunxiang Hazelnut Planting Cooperative Using the Business Model Canvas

Agricultural cooperatives serve as typical entities within the agricultural sector of China and encounter common representative challenges during their growth.This study employs the business model canvas theory to analyze the profit and business models of the Shunxiang Hazelnut Planting Cooperative while clarifying its ongoing developmental hurdles.By addressing pivotal concerns the paper puts forth branding suggestions and outlines future developmental directions.

Common Hazelnut Production and Its Multiplication in Turkey

Turkey has been the biggest common hazelnut(Corylus avellana L.) production country in the world. The country is an unquestionable leader in this area. The average area of production is within 500 to 800 thousand ha every year, whereas the second biggest country-Italy-has only about 125 thousand ha every year. The paper gives information about the biggest hazelnut producing countries in the world as well as the world's biggest exporters and importers. It also shows where in Turkey are the main areas of hazelnut production. It also describes the most important cultivars in its production. Moreover, it shows how the bush plant is propagated, grown, managed and fertilized and the nuts are harvested. It also points out two main insects to be the biggest problem nowadays on the Turkish plantations. Finally, it makes comments on the state's subsidization to the production, research and the newest trials with the use of mechanical harvesters on the plantations.

Effects of different processing methods on the lipid composition of hazelnut oil:a lipidomics analysis

Although hazelnut oil is rich in nutrients,its quality is greatly affected by how it is processed.However,no studies to date have comprehensively analyzed the lipid composition of hazelnut oil using different processing methods.Here,we conducted a lipidomics analysis using UPLC-QTOF-MS to characterize the lipid composition of cold-pressed hazelnut oil(CPO),ultrasonic-assisted hexane hazelnut oil(UHO)and enzyme-assisted aqueous hazelnut oil(EAO).A total of 10 subclasses of 98 lipids were identified,including35 glycerolipids(GLs),56 glycerophospholipids(GPs)and 7 sphingolipids(SPs).The total lipid and GL content were the highest in CPO,GP content was the highest in UHO and the ceramide content in SPs was most abundant in EAO.Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the lipid profiles of hazelnut oil prepared with different processing methods varied.Twelve significantly different lipids(TAG 54:3,TAG 52:2,TAG54:4,TAG 54:2,TAG 52:3,TAG 54:5,DAG 36:2,DAG 36:4,DAG 36:3,PC 36:2,PA 36:2 and PE 36:3)were identified,and these lipids could potentially be used as biomarkers to distinguish between hazelnut oil subjected to different processing methods.Our results provide useful information for hazelnut oil applications and new insight into the effects of edible oil processing.

Purification and Molecular Docking Study of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptide from Alcalase Hydrolysate of Hazelnut (<i>Corylus heterophylla</i>Fisch) Protein

Although a number of bioactive peptides are capable of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects, little is known regarding the mechanism of hazelnut peptides using molecular simulation. In the present study, gel filtration chromatography, reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass (LC-ESI-MS/MS) were employed for purifying and identifying the ACE inhibitory peptides from hazelnut. To understand the mode of action of these peptides, the interaction between the inhibitory peptides and ACE was investigated. The results identified novel ACE inhibitory peptides Asp-Asp-Glu-Leu-Arg-Gln-Ala (DDELRQA), Asp-Asp-Glu-Leu-Arg-Ala-Ala (DDELRAA), and Asp-Gly-Glu-Leu-Arg-Glu (DGELRE). The binding free energies of DDELRQA, DDELRAA, and DGELRE for ACE were -10.2, -9.0, and -8.8 kcal/mol, respectively. This study proves the high stability of ACE inhibitory peptides derived from hazelnut against different temperature and pH of processing.

Spectral parameter-based models for leaf potassium concentration estimation in Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut

Ping′ou hybrid hazelnut is produced by cross cultivation and is widely cultivated in northern China with good development prospects.Based on a field experiment of fertilizer efficiency,the leaf spectral reflectance and leaf potassium(K)concentration were measured with different quantities of K fertilizer applied at four fruit growth stages(fruit setting stage,fruit rapid growth stage,fruit fat-change stage,and fruit near-maturity stage)of Ping′ou hybrid hazelnut in 2019.Spectral parameters that were significantly correlated with leaf K concentration were selected using Pearson correlation analysis,and spectral parameter estimation models of leaf K concentration were established by employing six different modelling methods(exponential function,power function,logarithmic function,linear function,quadratic function,and cubic function).The results indicated that at the fruit setting period,leaf K concentration was significantly correlated with Dy(spectra slope of yellow edge),Rg(reflectance of the green peak position),λo(red valley position),SDb(blue edge area),SDr/SDb(where SDr represents red edge area),and(SDr–SDb)/(SDr+SDb)(P<0.01).There were significant correlations of leaf K concentration with Dy,Rg,SDb,Rg/Ro(where Ro is the reflectance of the red valley position),and(Rg–Ro)/(Rg+Ro)at the fruit rapid growth stage(P<0.01).Further,significant correlations of leaf K concentration with Rg,Ro,RNIR/Green,and RNIR/Blue were obtained at the fruit fat-change period(P<0.01).Finally,leaf K concentration showed significant correlations with Dr,Rg,Ro,SDy(yellow edge area),and SDr at the fruit near-maturity stage(P<0.01).Through a cubic function analysis,regression estimation model of leaf K concentration with highest fitting degree(R2)values at the four fruit growth stages was established.The findings in this study demonstrated that it is feasible to estimate leaf K concentration of Ping′ou hybrid hazelnut at the various phenological stages of fruit development by establishing regression models between leaf K concentration and spectral parameters.

Daily Hazelnut Intake Exerts Multiple Reversible Effects on Plasma Profile of Healthy Subjects

Life sciences such as medical, nutritional, and those related to agrarian biotechnologies are experiencing a constant increase. Therefore, food consumption is today related to health state. Aiming to create an innovative spinneret system that defines the tight correlation between high nutritional and nutraceutical value of foods and their beneficial effects on consumer’s health state, we tested the effects related to the administration of 40 g of the Tonda Gentile Romana Italian hazelnut cultivar (Viterbo, Italy). To this end, we enrolled 24 subjects for a period of 14 weeks, based on a crossover design. Although several papers and reviews on hazelnut intake benefits are available, few studies have investigated the effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma key parameters commonly used to ascertain the individual’s well-being status. The primary endpoint of the trial was to assess LDL change related to hazelnut administration, which resulted in significant beneficial effects on cholesterol parameters (LDL dropped from 133.09 mg/dl to 119.18 mg/dl). Interestingly, despite within the normal ranges, uric acid and serum creatinine mean values significantly decreased after hazelnut intake. A significant increment was also observed for ALT (from 30.9 U/L to 35.22 U/L, P = 0.01), while GGT significantly decreased from 38.04 mg/dl at T0 to 35.27 mg/dl at T1 (P = 0.001). No significant changes were also observed in azotemia, serum iron, glycemia, AST, total bilirubin, Hb, WBCs, RBCs, platelet count, and total plasma proteins. All the blood parameters analyzed appeared to be reversible after 6 weeks from the end of the treatment. Mann-Whitney U test did not show any significant differences in T0 - T1 Δ% LDL considering gender, age and baseline LDL. These findings may be of help in the development of strategies for personalized nutrition and diseases management.

Nutrient Analysis Critical Control Point (NACCP): Hazelnut as a Prototype of Nutrigenomic Study

The aim of this study is to apply the Nutrient Analysis Critical Control Point (NACCP) process to ensure that the highest nutrient levels in food can determine a beneficial effect on the health of the consumer. The NACCP process involves a sequence of analysis and controls that depart from raw material production to the evaluation of the effect of nutrition on health. It is articulated through the following points: 1) identification of nutrient level in the food;2) identification of critical control points (environmental, genetic data, chemical and physical data, production technology, distribution and administration);3) establishing critical limits that can impoverish and damage the nutrient;4) establishing measures to monitor;5) establishing corrective actions. We selected as biomarkers the total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of a genotyped Italian hazelnut cultivars (Corylus e avellana L.). We performed a clinical study evaluating: a) nutritional status;b) clinical-biochemical parameters;c) low density lipoprotein oxidation (LDL-ox);d) the expression level changes of oxidative stress pathway genes in the blood cell at baseline and after 40 g/die of hazelnut consumption. In this study, we found a significant lowering (p ≤ 0.005) of LDL oxidized proteins, in association with the consumption of 40 g/d of hazelnuts. Also, we found a significant variation (p ≤ 0.005) of gene expression of antioxidant and pro-oxidant genes, between the intake of dietary with and without hazelnuts. This results support the hypothesis that the NACCP process could be applied to obtain significant benefits in terms of primary prevention and for contributing to the amelioration of food management at the consumer level.

Phytochemical Compositions, Antioxidant Properties, and Colon Cancer Antiproliferation Effects of Turkish and Oregon Hazelnut

Roasted and raw Turkish and Oregon hazelnuts were examined. Whole nuts, skins, and skinless nuts of both hazelnut varieties were tested for fat contents, fatty acid profiles. Hazelnut and other byproducts were extracted with 50% ace- tone and examined for total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant activities against the peroxyl (ORAC) and DPPH radicals, and were also administered in vitro to the human colon cancer HT-29 cell line to determine antiproliferative effects. The Turkish hazelnuts contained over 65% total oil while the Oregon roasted variety contained 43.8%. The primary fatty acid in both was oleic acid (18:1n-9) comprising 76.7 g/100 g oil in the Oregon variety and 83.3 g/100 g oil in the Turkish variety. The TPC were 91.4 and 102.16 mg gallic acid equivalents/ g sample for the Turkish roasted hazelnut skin and Oregon roasted hazelnut skin respectively, at least 30-folds as high as the hazelnut without skin. Turkish roasted hazelnut skin had the highest ORAC value of 1166.27 Trolox equivalents (TE) mmol/g sample (TE mmol/g), it is 38 times as high as the Oregon roasted hazelnut no skin which as a value of 30.2 TE mmol/g sample. The range of ED50 of DPPH? is from 118.22 to 0.075 mg sample equivalents/ mL among the samples, Oregon roasted hazelnut skin and Turkish raw hazelnut no skin exhibit the weakest and strongest ability to reduce DPPH? respectively. At 6 mg/mL media Oregon roasted hazelnut skin extract significantly inhibited the growth of the HT-29 cells by 96h following 4 days of treatment, and no effect was seen from the Turkish roasted skinned hazelnut extract. The Turkish raw hazelnut had significantly higher antioxidant activities compared to the Oregon roasted variety which may be explained by chemical changes during heating or possibly the total oil to flour ratio.

Identification of a new Hazelnut disease in Liaoning Province:Hazelnut husk brown rot

Hazelnut husk brown rot has been identified as a new disease in Liaoning Province in recent years.The objective of this study as to identify the pathogen.[Method]In this study,a standard sample of hazelnut husk brown rot was collected from Songmudao Base in Dalian City,Liaoning Province.The pathogen was identified by the studies of the morphology,pathogenicity,and analyses of ITS and LSU sequences.The pathogen was isolated and purified,which was confirmed by Koch’s postulates.The symptoms after inoculation were the same as those collected directly from a diseased tree,which showed that it was the pathogenic fungus.The cultural characteristics and conidia and the morphology of the pathogenic fungi were similar to those of Botrytis cinerea’s.The ITS sequences and LSU sequences were compared to the associated strain sequences in GenBank,with 100%identity to Botrytis cinerea(GenBank accession number:MN589848.1)and Botrytis cinerea(GenBank accession number:KU140653.1),respectively.The infection status of the pathogen on the hazelnut husks was also observed.The studies suggested that the pathogen leading to the hazelnut husk brown rot as a new disease in Liaoning Province was Botrytis cinerea.

Effect of Interacting Abiotic Storage Conditions on Respiration,Dry Matter Losses and Aflatoxin B_(1) Contamination of Stored Turkey’s Shelled Hazelnuts

Hazelnuts are an economically important nut which is consumed world-wide.It is prone to infection by Aspergillus flavus and contamination with aflatoxins.Taking Tukey’s hazelnuts as a research object,the objective of this study were to(a)quantify respiration rates and(b)dry matter losses(DMLs)and(c)aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1))contamination of naturally stored shelled hazelnuts at different temperatures and water availabilities.Subsequently,shelled hazelnuts were inoculated with additional A.flavus inoculum prior to storage to examine effects on dry matter losses and on AFB_(1) contamination.Maximum respiration of hazelnuts and associated mycoflora was under wetter conditions of 0.90~0.95 water activity(aw=12.5%~18%moisture content).This resulted in between approx.10%DML at 25 and 30℃after 5 days storage.Inoculation and storage of shelled hazelnuts+A.flavus inoculum resulted in similar patterns of respiration with optimal levels at 25~30℃and>0.90 aw.Indeed,AFB_(1) contamination was highest at the maximum water levels tested of 0.90 aw.Indeed the contamination level exceeded the legislative limits set by the EU for AFB_(1) contamination of these nuts.Correlation between DMLs and all the AFB_(1) data in both sets of studies showed that very small changes in DML due to poor drying or storage of≥0.6%resulted in AFB_(1) contamination levels exceeding the EU legislative limits.Thus,efficient drying and safe monitored storage is necessary to minimise the risk of AFB_(1) contamination in this economically important commodity and to avoid exposure of consumers to such toxins.

皖北平欧杂种榛优势品种坚果性状评价

【目的】平欧杂种榛是中国野生平榛和欧洲榛种间杂交获得的新种质,具有抗寒、丰产和适应性强等特点。对皖北地区平欧杂种榛优势品种坚果进行性状评价,明确品种加工适宜性,可为平欧杂种榛选择与推广提供科学依据。【方法】依据适应性和丰产性等指标,在皖北地区筛选出9个平欧杂种榛优势品种坚果,从烤制、仁用、油用、鲜食等不同加工利用角度进行分析评价。【结果】(1)皖北地区9个优势品种单粒坚果质量为2.54~4.40 g,三径(纵径、横径、侧径)均值为18.99~21.49 mm,形状指数为0.67~1.02,单粒榛仁质量为1.00~1.66 g,果壳厚度为1.53~2.41 mm,出仁率为34.36%~47.01%,榛仁脂肪含量为50.50~58.00 g/(100 g),蛋白质含量为21.10~25.10 g/(100 g),可溶性糖含量为4.08%~4.94%。(2)油脂中鉴定出8种脂肪酸成分,其中油酸含量最高,为81.21%~88.53%,不饱和脂肪酸含量为92.19%~94.61%。榛仁中钾、磷、钙和镁含量较为丰富。(3)9个优势品种单株坚果产量为1.52~2.20 kg,单株脂肪产量为330.50~503.47 g,单株蛋白质产量为141.68~224.40 g。【结论】根据不同榛果加工方式,皖北9个优势品种中‘辽榛3号’最适作为带壳烤制品种;‘辽榛3号’、‘达维’和‘辽榛4号’最适作为仁用加工品种,‘辽榛4号’可作为油用加工品种;‘辽榛1号’可作为功能性蛋白饮料加工品种;‘达维’和‘辽榛9号’可作为高钙类加工品种;‘达维’、‘辽榛3号’、‘平欧545号’是较为适宜的鲜食品种。

4种渭北旱塬栽培的平欧榛子油脂成分分析

分析比较4种栽培于渭北旱塬地区的成熟平欧榛子果仁的水分含量、油脂含量及油脂成分,对其营养品质做出评价,为其加工、保存提供参考。用烘烤法测取榛子果仁水分含量,索氏提取法测定其油脂含量,气相色谱法分析油脂脂肪酸组成,Excel 2019进行数据处理,SPSS 20软件进行差异性对比。4种平欧榛子果仁水分含量差异显著,最高可达33.81%,最低为21.48%;油脂含量差异性部分显著,最高可达61.50%,最低为60.43%;油脂脂肪酸成分差异显著。产于渭北旱塬的4种平欧榛子,其果仁油脂含量均较高,均高于60%;油脂中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量较高,其中“油酸+亚油酸”的相对含量都高于92.73%;4种平欧榛子油均可作为优质保健食用油。

HPLC及LC-MS测定榛子中氯吡苯脲和多菌灵残留

本文采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)对干果榛子中氯吡苯脲和多菌灵残留量进行含量测定.HPLC和LC-MS均使用C18色谱柱,含量测定采取等度洗脱,流动相:甲醇-水(55∶45,体积比);体积流量:1.0 mL·min-1;测定波长:260 nm;柱温:30℃.LC-MS采取电喷雾离子源,梯度洗脱,体积流量:0.6 mL·min-1,柱温:30℃.结果表明,榛子中氯吡苯脲与多菌灵存在残留,氯吡苯脲质量浓度在1.00~10.00μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,加样回收率在95.58%~100.58%;多菌灵质量浓度在1.005~15.075μg·mL-1范围内具有良好的线性关系,加样回收率在95.61%~104.39%.实验证明,HPLC与LC-MS相结合的方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、检出限低等优点,能有效地检测到榛子样品中膨大剂氯吡苯脲及杀菌剂多菌灵的残留,并确定其残留量,线性关系和回收率结果均令人满意.根据被检测的8批样品中氯吡苯脲和多菌灵两项农药残留量推断,作为一般干果食用榛子是安全的.

基于高光谱图像特征融合的榛子水分含量测定

采用高光谱图像技术对榛子水分含量进行快速无损检测。采集200个榛子在400~1 000 nm波段的高光谱图像,提取榛子图像区域的平均光谱信息。利用K-S算法划分样品验证集和预测集,使用四种预处理方法对光谱进行预处理。通过竞争自适应加权算法(Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling,CARS)和逐次投影法(Successive Projection Algorithm,SPA)进行光谱特征的提取;灰度共生矩阵法(Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix,GLCM)提取图像的纹理特征;分别建立基于光谱特征,图像纹理特征以及两者串联融合的偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR)和支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)模型对榛子水分进行预测。结果表明,CARS和SPA算法能够有效选择特征波长并提升预测性能;图像特征能够对榛子水分进行预测,基于主成分图像提取的图像特征信息建立的模型预测效果更好。光谱图像特征融合能明显提高对榛子水分含量预测的准确率,CARS提取的特征波段结合主成分图像的纹理特征显示出了更好的效果,SVR模型的RMSECV为0.03,RC 为0.97,RMSEP为0.04,RP为0.96。利用高光谱图像和纹理特征能够对榛子水分进行有效预测,为榛子水分含量检测提供了新的方法。

盐胁迫对平欧杂种榛根系生理生化特性的影响

以2年生平欧杂种榛‘达维’为试验材料,在水培条件下设置对照、轻度、中度和重度盐胁迫处理(NaCl浓度分别为0、50、100和200 mmol·L^(-1)),研究不同胁迫时间(1、3和7 d)下根系渗透调节物质、膜伤害程度、抗氧化酶活性以及离子特征的变化,探讨耐盐的生理机制。结果表明:盐胁迫显著促进了可溶性糖(SS)和脯氨酸(Pro)的积累。SS随着胁迫时间的延长呈持续增加趋势,Pro在重度胁迫至3 d时显著升高,较胁迫1 d时提高25.9%。相对电导率(REC)和丙二醛(MDA)随着盐胁迫程度的增强均呈不断升高,重度胁迫下二者较对照分别显著提高32.1%和55.6%。REC和MDA随着胁迫时间的延长呈不断升高。随着盐胁迫程度的增强,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)表现为先下降后上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)呈不断增加。SOD和CAT对盐胁迫的响应存在时间差异,二者分别在胁迫7和1 d时达到最大值。随着盐胁迫程度的增强,Na^(+)不断升高,K^(+)波动下降,w(K^(+))∶w(Na^(+))表现为不断下降。平欧杂种榛具有一定的耐盐性。轻度胁迫下,幼苗可以通过自身生理生化特性的调节以响应和适应盐胁迫;中度胁迫下,根细胞膜开始受到伤害,但仍能通过积累渗透调节物质和增强抗氧化酶活性来应对盐胁迫;当NaCl浓度达到200 mmol·L^(-1)且胁迫超过3 d时,植物开始遭受盐害。SS、Pro、CAT活性和Na^(+)质量分数可作为平欧杂种榛耐盐性评价的参考指标。

榛子破壳力学特性分析与试验研究

为了解决榛子破壳效率低的问题,针对榛子破壳所需的各项参数设计了一组正交试验。以榛子尺寸、加载速度、加载方向为试验因素进行三因素三水平试验,试验指标为整仁率与破壳力。结果表明:对榛子破壳力影响最显著的因素是榛子尺寸,其次为加载方向且沿宽度向加载时所需力最小,加载速度对于破壳力的影响较小。榛子高度向、宽度向、厚度向的平均破壳力分别为1867.2、1818.6、2326.7N,对榛子破壳整仁率影响最显著的因素是加载方向,其次为加载速度。对榛子3个加载方向使用有限元方法进行分析,得出宽度向为较佳的加载方向,与正交试验的结果一致。在对榛子破壳相关机械进行设计时,施加在榛子上的力应不小于2400N,并尽量使榛子沿宽度向受力。研究结果可为后期榛子破壳相关机械的结构设计提供理论依据。

榛仁粕可溶性膳食纤维优化提取及其治疗高脂血症小鼠作用研究

为了提高榛仁粕可溶性膳食纤维(HSDF)得率并考察其对高脂血症小鼠的调血脂作用,本实验采用单因素试验和响应面法优化HSDF提取工艺,并通过建立高血脂症小鼠模型研究其调血脂作用。HSDF最佳提取工艺:蛋白酶浓度9.30%,提取时间1.44 h,提取温度55.43℃,此条件下可溶性膳食纤维得率最高为14.8334%。以1.0、0.5、0.25 g/kg给小鼠进行灌胃给药12周,HSDF降低高血脂小鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)29.04%、总胆固醇(TC)39.75%、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)54.93%及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)18.81%、丙二醛(MDA)17.38%、谷草转氨酶(AST)7.92%,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)209.38%及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)26.76%,高血脂小鼠肝脏TC下调44.76%、TG 28.45%。上述表明其具有降低高血脂小鼠血脂水平,降低氧化应激,保护肝脏的作用。说明HSDF能够调节高脂饮食引起的小鼠脂质紊乱和肝脏损伤。

不同品种榛子加工榛子露适宜性评价

为了靶向利用榛子原料资源,获得更高品质的榛子露产品。从榛子的四大栽培区(北部、中部、南部、干旱及半干旱)收集了共21份榛子样品,按照相同工艺加工成榛子露植物蛋白饮料并测定其感官、理化与营养、加工品质三类指标。结合相关性、主成分分析筛选出榛子露的核心指标5项:b*、可溶性固形物、离心沉淀率、脂肪、蛋白质。层次分析确定核心指标权重依次为:7.198%、10.916%、14.271%、27.657%、39.959%,从而建立榛子露综合品质评价模型。在综合品质得分基础上通过聚类分析实现数据的最优分割。17号(南部安徽辽榛9号)以0.92综合得分排序第一,北部栽培区的辽榛3号表现较佳,推荐加工榛子露,干旱栽培区的榛子表现欠佳,可做其它榛子深加工产品的考虑。上述结果可以为后续企业生产榛子露时,在榛子原料品种选择和榛树选育上提供理论参考。

多孔活性炭吸附去除阿散酸的研究

阿散酸常被用作饲料添加剂进入动物机体,大部分未被动物机体代谢,会随排泄物进入环境,造成砷污染。本文以榛子壳为原料,用四种活化剂制备了活性炭,经过筛选以ZnCl2为活化剂,600℃下热解制得的多孔活性炭AC(Zn-600)吸附能力最强。当pH=6.0,阿散酸初始浓度为500 mg·L^(-1),接触30min,AC(Zn-600)对阿散酸的饱和吸附量可达131.3 mg·g^(-1),温度升高有利于吸附的发生。AC(Zn-600)中含有较多含氧官能团,存在大量微孔,主要以孔隙吸附、静电、氢键和π-π与阿散酸作用,阿散酸在AC(Zn-600)上的吸附以化学吸附为主,Langmuir等温吸附模型和准一级动力学模型更适合描述吸附过程。