Natural fractures(NFs)are common in shale and tight reservoirs,where staged multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal wells is a prevalent technique for reservoir stimulation.While NFs and stress interference are recogni...Natural fractures(NFs)are common in shale and tight reservoirs,where staged multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal wells is a prevalent technique for reservoir stimulation.While NFs and stress interference are recognized as significant factors affecting hydraulic fracture(HF)propagation,the combined influence of these factors remains poorly understood.To address this knowledge gap,a novel coupled hydromechanical-damage(HMD)model based on the phase field method is developed to investigate the propagation of multi-cluster HFs in fractured reservoirs.The comprehensive energy functional and control functions are established,while incorporating dynamic fluid distribution between multiple perforation clusters and refined changes in rock mechanical parameters during hydraulic fracturing.The HMD coupled multi-cluster HF propagation model investigates various scenarios,including single HF and single NF,reservoir heterogeneity,single HF and NF clusters,and multi-cluster HFs with NF clusters.The results show that the HMD coupling model can accurately capture the impact of approach angle(θ),stress difference and cementation strength on the interaction of HF and NF.The criterion of the open and cross zones is not fixed.The NF angle(a)is not a decisive parameter to discriminate the interaction.According to the relationship between approach angle(θ)and NF angle(a),the contact relationship of HF can be divided into three categories(θ=a,θ<a,andθ>a).The connected NF can increase the complexity of HF by inducing it to form branch fracture,resulting in a fractal dimension of HF as high as2.1280 at angles of±45°.Inter-fracture interference from the heel to the toe of HF shows the phenomenon of no,strong and weak interference.Interestingly,under the influence of NFs,distant HFs from the injection can become dominant fractures.However,as a gradually increases,inter-fracture stress interference becomes the primary factor influencing HF propagation,gradually superseding the dominance of NF induced fractures.展开更多
以六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)作为硅源和碳源,H_2为载气,Ar为稀释气体,前驱体由载气通过鼓泡法带入反应室,通过等温化学气相渗透法(Isothermal Chemical Vapor Infiltration,ICVI)在SiC纤维表面沉积SiC涂层。通过控制沉积温度来控制涂层的表...以六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)作为硅源和碳源,H_2为载气,Ar为稀释气体,前驱体由载气通过鼓泡法带入反应室,通过等温化学气相渗透法(Isothermal Chemical Vapor Infiltration,ICVI)在SiC纤维表面沉积SiC涂层。通过控制沉积温度来控制涂层的表面形貌、厚度。研究表明,在1100℃沉积的涂层中开始有β-SiC晶相析出,适当降低沉积温度至950℃可以防止残余碳在反应室的富集,在950℃时SiC的沉积厚度与沉积时间呈近线性关系。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174045)。
文摘Natural fractures(NFs)are common in shale and tight reservoirs,where staged multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal wells is a prevalent technique for reservoir stimulation.While NFs and stress interference are recognized as significant factors affecting hydraulic fracture(HF)propagation,the combined influence of these factors remains poorly understood.To address this knowledge gap,a novel coupled hydromechanical-damage(HMD)model based on the phase field method is developed to investigate the propagation of multi-cluster HFs in fractured reservoirs.The comprehensive energy functional and control functions are established,while incorporating dynamic fluid distribution between multiple perforation clusters and refined changes in rock mechanical parameters during hydraulic fracturing.The HMD coupled multi-cluster HF propagation model investigates various scenarios,including single HF and single NF,reservoir heterogeneity,single HF and NF clusters,and multi-cluster HFs with NF clusters.The results show that the HMD coupling model can accurately capture the impact of approach angle(θ),stress difference and cementation strength on the interaction of HF and NF.The criterion of the open and cross zones is not fixed.The NF angle(a)is not a decisive parameter to discriminate the interaction.According to the relationship between approach angle(θ)and NF angle(a),the contact relationship of HF can be divided into three categories(θ=a,θ<a,andθ>a).The connected NF can increase the complexity of HF by inducing it to form branch fracture,resulting in a fractal dimension of HF as high as2.1280 at angles of±45°.Inter-fracture interference from the heel to the toe of HF shows the phenomenon of no,strong and weak interference.Interestingly,under the influence of NFs,distant HFs from the injection can become dominant fractures.However,as a gradually increases,inter-fracture stress interference becomes the primary factor influencing HF propagation,gradually superseding the dominance of NF induced fractures.
文摘以六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)作为硅源和碳源,H_2为载气,Ar为稀释气体,前驱体由载气通过鼓泡法带入反应室,通过等温化学气相渗透法(Isothermal Chemical Vapor Infiltration,ICVI)在SiC纤维表面沉积SiC涂层。通过控制沉积温度来控制涂层的表面形貌、厚度。研究表明,在1100℃沉积的涂层中开始有β-SiC晶相析出,适当降低沉积温度至950℃可以防止残余碳在反应室的富集,在950℃时SiC的沉积厚度与沉积时间呈近线性关系。
