Healthier Food of Animal Origin and Prevention of Campylobacteriosis

Campylobacter species belong to the most important foodborne bacteria which cause gastroenteritis in humans in both developed and developing countries. Applied hygienic measures result only partially efficient, as demonstrated by the high number of reported cases in the human population. Alternative strategies to prevent the disease though a direct action at primary production level have been explored. Preliminary data showed that cattle and pigs fed with bamboo and olive by-products, respectively, were free from Campylobacter, suggesting potential sustainable prevention strategy. In addition, biochemical analysis showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids in red meat and meat products, adequate for the application of health claims in line with EU food law.

Giving Food a Fiber Boost: Adding High Beta-Glucan Ingredient from Barley to Everyday Foods

Lack of dietary fiber contributes to many health issues, particularly chronic vascular diseases. Mixed linkage β-1.3 - 1.4 beta-glucan (beta-glucan, in this paper) is a confirmed beneficial ingredient for the human diet through reduction of cholesterol and the glycemic index. Barley contains the highest beta-glucan content of all the grains, and in this study, a percentage of flour from two high beta glucan lines was, each, added to an array of wheat-based food products to measure how it impacted total dietary fiber. Results showed that beta-glucan content was higher in all the products containing the added high beta-glucan flour, along with increased total dietary fiber content. Protein content in the food products is also increased with the higher protein in the barley flours added. Beta-glucan content in the barley-added products increased to 1.2% - 4.0% versus 0.2% - 0.5% in the pure wheat products, while the dietary fibers increased to 3.5% - 24.4% versus 2.1% - 9.1% in pure wheat product controls. This research provided experimental evidence that using a high beta-glucan barley ingredient in food can increase dietary fiber to benefit health.

Simultaneous Determination of Catechins and Caffeine in Green Tea-Based Beverages and Foods for Specified Health Uses

Catechins in green tea have various useful features including antioxidant activity and preventive effects on metabolic syndrome. Various beverages that are enriched with tea catechins are marketed as Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) in Japan. However, recent reports have indicated that excessive consumption of green tea extracts as a dietary supplement are associated with adverse health effects such as liver disorders. Various catechins and caffeine are constituents of FOSHU tea-based beverages. The amount of catechins in FOSHU products is displayed on labels as total catechin content, but the content of individual catechins are not provided. Although health hazards of FOSHU products have rarely been reported, precise information about the content and types of catechins in FOSHU products is needed to ensure safety. We used high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array (HPLC/PDA) to simultaneously identify and quantify catechins and caffeine in green tea-based popular beverages and FOSHU beverages. This technique allowed simultaneous quantitation of five types of catechins and caffeine in green tea without complicated sample preparation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin EGC were the main catechins in various FOSHU beverages and the concentrations of almost all catechins were higher in FOSHU, than in popular green tea-based beverages. The concentrations of EGCG in green tea-based popular beverages and in FOSHU beverages were 5.4 - 7.3 and 10.2 - 41.9 mg/100mL, respectively, with the highest concentration being in a product named Healthya (approximately 147 mg/bottle). The simultaneous determination of compounds such as catechins and caffeine in FOSHU beverages can help to estimate beneficial and adverse effects to prevent deleterious effects on health and the excessive consumption of FOSHU beverages containing high concentrations of tea catechins should be avoided.

BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENT AND CLINICAL TESTS ON MAMMOTROPIC ACTION OF MUYINGLE -A NEW TYPE OF HEALTHFOOD PREPARED FROM MARINE ORGANISMS

Muyingle is a new type of health food prepared from marine organisme. The mammotropic action ofMuyingte was investigated by studying its effect on mammary glands and pituitary glands of lactating miceand the survival rate of suckling mice. The results showed that the mammotropic action of Muyingle wasvery effective.The survival rates of suckling mice were 92.90% for the treated group and 0 for the controlgroup (p【0.01). The weights of mammary gland were 163±51.1mg/10g (weight of mouse)for the treatedgroup and 98.5±18.4 mg/10g for the control group (p【0.01). Histological examinations suggestal thatmammary glands from the treated group were at the secreting stages, while those from the control groupwere at the resting stages. Clinical tests also demonstrated that Muyingle was highly effective in promotinglactation and improving the quality of the puerpera’s milk. The efficiency was up to 86.7%.

Lotus Seed Health Food

Hunan lotus seed, produced in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province. is a famous product of the province. It has a white colour, a sweet taste and thick pulp. The seed can be eaten as a food or a medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine, the lotus seed is good for the spleen and the heart and can be used in the treatment of a weak spleen, diarrhea, emission and leukorrhea. It contains 16-17% protein. 2% fat and 66% carbohydrate. One hundred grams of seeds contain 100mg of calcium. 220mg of phosphate, and 5-6mg of iron. as

Food Is Security: The Nexus of Health Security in Fragile and Failed States

Global food security is a major development challenge dictated by state stability, resilience to geopolitical and economic shocks and is linked to health security. Fragile and failed nation-states are at risk of extreme poverty and lead to war and conflict. Fragile states experience, corrupt financial regimes and are influenced by skewed global market systems and reduced equitable market access that decrease food and health security. This qualitative review describes the critical cross sections of food security, the influence of global market systems and state stability and institutions that form the nexus of global health security. We outline how the manipulation of free market systems and decreased state capacity not only decrease food and health security but also contribute to state fragility and failure. Improved public health policy mechanisms, decreased dependence on foreign financial structures and extractive mechanisms are crucial to improving food and health security at present, and to further increase state stability in the future.

药食同源产品开发思路探讨

目的 为药食同源产品的开发提供思路。方法 采用计算机检索关于中药保健食品相关专利及药食同源相关文献,分析近年来中药保健食品和药食同源产品的相关政策、研发现状及市场前景。结果 药食同源产品可发挥中医药治未病的独特优势,药食同源产业是“健康中国”战略中不可或缺的一环。国家卫生部门发布了102种药食同源的中药材,提供了基于这102种药食同源目录中药材开发的药食同源产品具有保健功效的可能性依据。药食同源产品的开发,应基于性味归经及功效,遵循中医药调理配伍原则,现代生理功效相结合的组方原则,以及产品开发与市场需求紧密结合的开发原则,可从肿瘤类、不孕不育类、糖脂代谢类疾病及增强免疫力4个方面开发产品,还需注意产品体感与功效相结合。结论 基于102种药食同源目录中药材的药食同源产品是对中药保健食品的极大补充,也是中医药大健康产品的关键所在。

功能食品与膳食健康

膳食对居民健康有重要的影响,合理营养、平衡膳食是预防疾病、维持健康的基础。目前,我国仍存在营养调控不足、膳食结构失衡、健康产品缺乏等问题,与膳食相关慢性疾病发病率有上升趋势。作者将从居民对营养健康的关注、功能食品的监管政策和功能食品对营养健康的调控作用3个方面对我国功能食品与膳食健康发展现状进行综述,总结了我国功能食品产业的现存问题以及营养健康产业的未来发展趋势。

食品中益生菌的功能与安全性研究进展

益生菌在人类的食品生产和生活中有着悠久的使用历史,随着对益生菌功能研究的逐步深入,益生菌对人体的多种营养功能和健康功效也逐渐明确。现有研究表明益生菌具有调节肠道菌群、提高免疫力等功效,甚至能够改善一些疾病的症状,因此在食品行业中,益生菌从传统的发酵食品中的应用到功能性食品中的添加使用变得越来越广泛。然而食品中益生菌的大规模使用也提升了潜在的安全性风险,如感染、生物毒素和耐药性基因转移等,益生菌在使用的过程中必须充分考虑其安全性问题。欧洲的安全资格认证(Qualified Presumption of Safety,QPS)和美国的公认安全(Generally Recognized as Safe,GRAS)体系是目前比较成熟的微生物安全性评价体系,近年来我国也通过相关立法规范益生菌的使用从而保障食品安全。该研究综述了目前对于益生菌营养功能和食品中益生菌应用的国内外研究进展,阐述了益生菌目前面临的安全性问题与安全性评价体系,以期为食品中益生菌的安全应用提供一定的参考。

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸健康机制及应用研究进展

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,ω-3 PUFAs)是一类重要的功能性高值脂肪酸,包括α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)等,在膳食中主要来源于植物油或海洋多脂鱼类。近年来,利用微藻、丝状真菌、产油酵母等微生物生产ω-3 PUFAs,使其供应短缺、品质不稳定的问题显著改善,广泛扩大了其应用范围。ω-3 PUFAs在预防心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、抑郁症、癌症,促进婴幼儿神经发育以及创面愈合和组织修复等方面均具有显著功效,其分子机制涉及缓解神经及系统性炎症、维持细胞结构及功能、激活机体免疫信号等。介绍了ω-3 PUFAs的结构及体内消化吸收过程,系统分析了DHA、EPA等发挥健康功效的分子机制及潜在的区别,总结了ω-3 PUFAs在食品中的应用形式,对ω-3 PUFAs应用的未来趋势进行了展望。提出了改进微生物发酵技术、构建高效基因编辑工具、开发活性保持技术等跨学科的研究方向,以期推动ω-3 PUFAs在食品和膳食补充剂领域的广泛应用。

黄芪多糖化学表征与免疫性调节关系的研究进展

黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharide, APS)作为黄芪的重要活性成分,对糖尿病、癌症、心血管疾病、肠道炎症等多种疾病具有治疗作用,大量研究已揭示了黄芪多糖的功效及其作用机制。但是,由于黄芪多糖分子量大、溶解度低等特点限制了临床的应用。近年来随着药物研究进展,发现适度的结构改变或加工可以极大地提高黄芪多糖的生物利用度,而且其化学表征与生物学功效有密切的关系。综述近年来不同黄芪多糖化学表征对糖尿病、肿瘤、炎症、免疫抑制等疾病的免疫性调节作用。结果发现,不同分子量大小的黄芪多糖均可以改善糖尿病的免疫紊乱状况;具有较高的支链度、低中分子量、高表面积或经过硒化处理的黄芪多糖可通过提高免疫器官指数、增强免疫细胞活性来促进癌细胞凋亡、提高抗肿瘤活性;低中分子量、蜜炙加工的黄芪多糖可通过调控免疫细胞、免疫器官、免疫因子发挥抗炎活性;中等分子量、经γ射线照射的黄芪多糖可以改善机体免疫抑制情况;此外,作为免疫增强剂,分子量在5.6×10^(3)~1.5×10^(6)Da的黄芪多糖可通过增强免疫细胞活性、特异性抗体滴度,提高机体免疫应答能力及疫苗效力。通过探讨化学表征和免疫性调节功能间的关系,以期为黄芪多糖的临床应用及新的功能性保健食品研发提供理论参考。

浅析食品微生物检验技术在食品安全中的应用

随着分子生物学、生物信息学和纳米技术等现代科技的发展,食品微生物检验技术正朝着更高的灵敏度、更快的检测速度迅速发展,大幅提高了食品安全监管的效率,为食品工业的可持续发展提供了技术支撑。基于此,本文分析了食品微生物检验技术在食品安全中的应用,以供参考。

保健食品及相关食品典型案例分析

本研究旨在通过分析我国食品行业专项行动中保健食品及相关食品典型案例,客观反映食品及保健食品行业存在的问题,并提出相应的监管政策建议。收集整理自2018年3月13日后国家市场监督管理总局官方网站公布的112例与保健食品相关的典型案例。运用Excel 2016软件对案例的总体情况、地域分布、销售方式、目标人群、涉案金额和案件类型进行统计性描述,运用词频图对典型案例中产品功能声称进行可视化描述。发现保健食品及相关食品典型案例涉及25个省(市、区),地域分布广泛,其中涉及浙江、四川和上海的案例最多。销售方式主要包括批发和零售、网络销售和会议营销。老年人群体是保健食品及相关食品典型案例中的主要受害群体。典型案例中涉案金额较大,且普通食品虚假宣传冒充保健食品或者药品问题严重。此外,还存在保健食品虚假宣传和网络销售不规范等问题。针对保健食品及相关食品存在的问题,提出以下监管政策建议:1)加强对产品功能声称的监管,统筹完善食品声称管理体系。2)提高各主体对产品定位的认知,明确产品的属性和功能。3)整治虚假宣传行为,加强对网络销售平台的监管。

植物活性成分提取技术研究进展

利用先进方法和技术提取植物中具有生物活性的化合物,并将其用于功能性食品、保健品、药品等的开发与生产中,是相关领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了植物活性成分提取技术的研究进展,为进一步开发植物资源提供了重要参考。

中日两国保健食品管理和评价策略比较研究

保健食品是一类可声称功效且具有食用级安全性的特殊食品。由于我国经济发展和人口老龄化使得保健食品需求大幅增加,但管理制度尚不完善,存在夸大功效、虚假宣传、违规销售等问题。日本作为全球保健食品行业先行者,其保健食品评价、审批和管理机制多有与我国不同之处。该研究系统论述和对比了中日两国保健食品的定义、分类、审批流程、功能评价、标签管理和安全监管的差异和优势。研究结果发现,保健食品分类方面,日本分类更详细,功能及适用范围更丰富;审批流程方面,两国保健食品评价机构、结果认证、审批部门及审批模式等均存在差异,各有优势环节;功能评价方面,日本要求研究者将功效和安全性评价结果发表于高影响力期刊,有助于保障评价的科学性;安全监管方面,日本有更为完善的安全追溯系统。上述对比结果为我国保健食品管理模式改革提供了可借鉴的优势策略。

UPLC-MS/MS测定凉果类酵素食品中的致泻类非法添加物

建立了一种简便准确检测凉果类酵素食品中非法添加多种致泻类化合物的UPLC-MS/MS检测方法。采用超微冷冻技术粉碎样本,用Oasis PRIME HLB固相萃取SPE净化;采用UPLC-MS/MS法,以浓度为0.02 mol/L的乙酸铵水溶液甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,以CORTECS UPLC C18(1.6μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)色谱柱进行分离;采用串联四级杆质谱仪对凉果类酵素食品中的6种致泻类非法添加化合物进行定量检测。检测结果:线性范围为1~1000μg/L,相关性r^(2)≥0.9961;方法检测限LOD为0.1~1.0μg/kg,定量限LOQ为0.3~3.0μg/kg,高、中、低平均回收率均为82.5%~105.3%;日内精密度的RSD(n=9)为0.8%~3.7%。该检测方法专属性强、操作快捷,可作为凉果类酵素食品中致泻类非法添加化合物的有效检测方法。

辐照技术在保健食品产业中的应用及相关标准分析

辐照技术因具有杀虫灭菌或降低产品微生物水平、延长货架期的优势而被保健食品产业广泛采用。保健食品的辐照加工主要以原料辐照为主,较少涉及成品辐照。虽然国家主管部门发布了各类规定和标准,但是仍无法满足监管需求。本研究分析了辐照技术在我国保健食品产业的应用现状、应用依据、监管政策,并从标准化的角度提出了存在的主要问题和工作建议,可为后续开展食品安全国家标准制修订和标准体系建设提供参考。

交叉融合探索性实验在食品营养与健康专业教学中的应用

依托华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院优质科研资源和实验条件,为新设立的食品营养与健康专业开设不同功效成分软胶囊生产和质量检测实验课。该课程为综合性探索性实验,融合食品专业多学科知识,采用学生为主体、教师指导的开放式教学模式,学生分组合作,包括设计配方、生产、包装、质量检测和撰写报告。实验内容贴合日常保健和健康,涵盖知识点多,可操作性强,能极大激发学生的实验兴趣和培养综合能力。两年的教学实践表明,教学效果反馈良好,学生认可度高。

植物食材花青素结构特性及对其功效机制研究进展

花青素具有很强的抗氧化活性,且分子量小、易被人体吸收,在食品、保健品、药品等领域有研究与开发的重大潜力。本文概述了植物食材花青素的分子结构、稳定性、生物活性功能,分析了花青素分子结构特性和稳定性之间的关系以及花色苷的形成,重点综述了花青素的健康功能机制:花青素通过清除自由基、提高抗氧化酶活性来达到抗氧化功能特性;花青素通过激活AMPK/ACC1通路、上调肾小管细胞三磷酸腺苷结合区转运蛋白A1达到降血脂的效果;花青素还可以通过抑制丝原活化蛋白激酶表达及NF-κB通路激活发挥出抗炎的作用,为相关健康产品的深度开发与应用提供参考。