Lotus Seed Health Food

Hunan lotus seed, produced in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province. is a famous product of the province. It has a white colour, a sweet taste and thick pulp. The seed can be eaten as a food or a medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine, the lotus seed is good for the spleen and the heart and can be used in the treatment of a weak spleen, diarrhea, emission and leukorrhea. It contains 16-17% protein. 2% fat and 66% carbohydrate. One hundred grams of seeds contain 100mg of calcium. 220mg of phosphate, and 5-6mg of iron. as

Anti-diabetic related health food properties of traditional rice(Oryza sativa L.)in Sri Lanka

Objective:To evaluate a range of anti-diabetic related properties and some consumer preferred physicochemical properties of selected Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties.Methods:Sudu Heeneti,Goda Heeneti,Masuran and Dik Wee varieties were used in this study.Anti-diabetic related properties of bran extracts of selected varieties were studied for methylglyoxal mediated protein glycation inhibition,acetyl and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibition in vitro and anti-hyperglycemic activity in vivo.Further,selected varieties were studied for starch hydrolysis rate in vitro.Physicochemical properties including grain color,size,shape,crude protein,crude fat,ash,dietary fiber and total carbohydrate contents were studied.Results:Brans of selected varieties had significant(P<0.05)and dose dependent methylglyoxal mediated protein glycation inhibition[IC_(50):(174.77±6.65)to(342.87±0.43)μg/mL]and acetyl[IC_(50):(37.00±0.68)to(291.00±3.54)μg/mL]and butyryl-cholinesterase[IC_(50):(18.50±0.60)to(96.60±0.56)μg/mL]inhibitory activities.Further,Sudu Heeneti,Masuran and Dik Wee had low starch digestion rate(52.40±1.44 to 53.76±1.19)indicating that these varieties may be low glycemic index rices.Brans of Masuran tested in rat model showed anti-hyperglycemic activity.Physicochemical properties studied showed that selected varieties were red in color and grain size and shape were mostly medium and bold respectively.Moisture,crude protein,crude fat,ash and total carbohydrate contents varied significantly(P<0.05)among the varieties.Conclusions:It is concluded that selected varieties could be promoted as physicochemically sound rices with a range of anti-diabetic related properties in the management of diabetes and its complications.

Simultaneous Determination of Catechins and Caffeine in Green Tea-Based Beverages and Foods for Specified Health Uses

Catechins in green tea have various useful features including antioxidant activity and preventive effects on metabolic syndrome. Various beverages that are enriched with tea catechins are marketed as Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) in Japan. However, recent reports have indicated that excessive consumption of green tea extracts as a dietary supplement are associated with adverse health effects such as liver disorders. Various catechins and caffeine are constituents of FOSHU tea-based beverages. The amount of catechins in FOSHU products is displayed on labels as total catechin content, but the content of individual catechins are not provided. Although health hazards of FOSHU products have rarely been reported, precise information about the content and types of catechins in FOSHU products is needed to ensure safety. We used high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array (HPLC/PDA) to simultaneously identify and quantify catechins and caffeine in green tea-based popular beverages and FOSHU beverages. This technique allowed simultaneous quantitation of five types of catechins and caffeine in green tea without complicated sample preparation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin EGC were the main catechins in various FOSHU beverages and the concentrations of almost all catechins were higher in FOSHU, than in popular green tea-based beverages. The concentrations of EGCG in green tea-based popular beverages and in FOSHU beverages were 5.4 - 7.3 and 10.2 - 41.9 mg/100mL, respectively, with the highest concentration being in a product named Healthya (approximately 147 mg/bottle). The simultaneous determination of compounds such as catechins and caffeine in FOSHU beverages can help to estimate beneficial and adverse effects to prevent deleterious effects on health and the excessive consumption of FOSHU beverages containing high concentrations of tea catechins should be avoided.

BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENT AND CLINICAL TESTS ON MAMMOTROPIC ACTION OF MUYINGLE -A NEW TYPE OF HEALTHFOOD PREPARED FROM MARINE ORGANISMS

Muyingle is a new type of health food prepared from marine organisme. The mammotropic action ofMuyingte was investigated by studying its effect on mammary glands and pituitary glands of lactating miceand the survival rate of suckling mice. The results showed that the mammotropic action of Muyingle wasvery effective.The survival rates of suckling mice were 92.90% for the treated group and 0 for the controlgroup (p【0.01). The weights of mammary gland were 163±51.1mg/10g (weight of mouse)for the treatedgroup and 98.5±18.4 mg/10g for the control group (p【0.01). Histological examinations suggestal thatmammary glands from the treated group were at the secreting stages, while those from the control groupwere at the resting stages. Clinical tests also demonstrated that Muyingle was highly effective in promotinglactation and improving the quality of the puerpera’s milk. The efficiency was up to 86.7%.

Food Is Security: The Nexus of Health Security in Fragile and Failed States

Global food security is a major development challenge dictated by state stability, resilience to geopolitical and economic shocks and is linked to health security. Fragile and failed nation-states are at risk of extreme poverty and lead to war and conflict. Fragile states experience, corrupt financial regimes and are influenced by skewed global market systems and reduced equitable market access that decrease food and health security. This qualitative review describes the critical cross sections of food security, the influence of global market systems and state stability and institutions that form the nexus of global health security. We outline how the manipulation of free market systems and decreased state capacity not only decrease food and health security but also contribute to state fragility and failure. Improved public health policy mechanisms, decreased dependence on foreign financial structures and extractive mechanisms are crucial to improving food and health security at present, and to further increase state stability in the future.

Healthier Food of Animal Origin and Prevention of Campylobacteriosis

Campylobacter species belong to the most important foodborne bacteria which cause gastroenteritis in humans in both developed and developing countries. Applied hygienic measures result only partially efficient, as demonstrated by the high number of reported cases in the human population. Alternative strategies to prevent the disease though a direct action at primary production level have been explored. Preliminary data showed that cattle and pigs fed with bamboo and olive by-products, respectively, were free from Campylobacter, suggesting potential sustainable prevention strategy. In addition, biochemical analysis showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids in red meat and meat products, adequate for the application of health claims in line with EU food law.

土壤健康视角下实现粮食安全的绿色之路

粮食安全是“国之大者”,土壤健康是新时代保障国家粮食安全的重要基石。2023年粮食生产实现“二十连丰”的中国奇迹,保障了国家粮食安全,但粮食产量的增加严重依赖耕地的高强度利用和化学投入品的过量使用,这造成土壤退化、农业面源污染等问题。已有研究虽然强调耕地数量、质量、生态“三位一体”的保护制度确保了粮食安全,却忽视了土壤健康对粮食安全及农业绿色发展的影响。当前,我国粮食生产面临高产量下的区域供需矛盾和结构性矛盾,耕地数量减少、质量下降的现实约束以及农民种粮内生动力不足的问题。基于土壤健康视角,实现粮食安全的绿色发展之路,需要破解耕地资源紧约束、全面绿色转型缓慢、科技创新动力不足、农业抗风险能力弱等方面的困境。鉴于此,应在绿色发展理念指引下,从顶层设计、资源保护、绿色投入、基础设施、科技创新、政策体系等方面采取有效措施,全方位夯实粮食安全根基。

Giving Food a Fiber Boost: Adding High Beta-Glucan Ingredient from Barley to Everyday Foods

Lack of dietary fiber contributes to many health issues, particularly chronic vascular diseases. Mixed linkage β-1.3 - 1.4 beta-glucan (beta-glucan, in this paper) is a confirmed beneficial ingredient for the human diet through reduction of cholesterol and the glycemic index. Barley contains the highest beta-glucan content of all the grains, and in this study, a percentage of flour from two high beta glucan lines was, each, added to an array of wheat-based food products to measure how it impacted total dietary fiber. Results showed that beta-glucan content was higher in all the products containing the added high beta-glucan flour, along with increased total dietary fiber content. Protein content in the food products is also increased with the higher protein in the barley flours added. Beta-glucan content in the barley-added products increased to 1.2% - 4.0% versus 0.2% - 0.5% in the pure wheat products, while the dietary fibers increased to 3.5% - 24.4% versus 2.1% - 9.1% in pure wheat product controls. This research provided experimental evidence that using a high beta-glucan barley ingredient in food can increase dietary fiber to benefit health.

Study on a Natural Health Drink : Dendrobium Nobile Juice

研究表明，利用铁皮石斛加工成保健饮料石斛汁，石斛生物碱及粘多糖提取率达９０％．石斛汁经毒理试验，结论是石斛汁的小鼠、大鼠急性经口毒性的半数致死量（ＬＤ５０）雌雄两性均大于１０ｇ／ｋｇ体重，按急性毒性分级标准，该样品属实际无毒类；Ａｍｅｓ试验，小鼠骨髓嗜多染细胞微核试验，小鼠精子畸形试验均为阴性．

Establishment of the thin-layer chromatography-surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics method for simultaneous identification of eleven illegal drugs in anti-rheumatic health food

The risk of the illegal addition of anti-inflammatory and analgesic chemical drugs in anti-rheumatic health foods should not be ignored.Market supervision and rapid on-site detection technology need to be strengthened.Thin-layer chromatography-surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TLC-SERS),which has the advantages of simple operation,fast separation,and qualitative and quantitative detection,was used in this study.And these eleven chemical drugs(acetaminophen,acetylsalicylic acid,aminophenazone,dexamethasone,diclofenac sodium,hydrocortisone,indometacin,naproxen,phenylbutazone,piroxicam,prednisone 21-acetate)that may be added to anti-rheumatic health foods have been simultaneously identified by TLC-SERS combined with chemometrics method.The characteristic signals of the separated drug spots were collected by SERS,which were optimized by the gold colloidal nanoparticles’volume and integration time.Then SERS was subjected to principal component analysis(PCA)to reduce dimensionality and combined with the pattern recognition methods in chemometrics,such as PCA-Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA),PCA-K Nearest Neighbor and PCA-Support Vector Machine,and eleven drug components were judged and identified.Moreover,the predictive performances of different models were also analyzed and compared.The results showed that the TLC plate and four organic solvents of petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate and acetic acid were selected as the developing agent.The dropping amount of gold colloidal nanoparticles and the integration time were set and optimized.The limit of detection of the simultaneous detection method of SERS was 10-100 mg/L.Furthermore,SERS was preprocessed by Gap-Segment 2nd Derivative,and then the PCA-LDA model was established,and the model’s prediction accuracy can reach 100%.The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate,and has low experimental instruments and equipment requirements.It is suitable for the on-site simultaneous detection of various anti-inflammatory and analgesic chemical drugs in health foods.It can also provide guarantee and support for the establishment of appropriate rapid detection methods and the development of supervision technology.

Aflatoxins,hepatocellular carcinoma and public health

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide,primarily affecting populations in the developing countries.Aflatoxin,a food contaminant produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus,is a known human carcinogen that has been shown to be a causative agent in the pathogenesis of HCC.Aflatoxin can affect a wide range of food commodities including corns,oilseeds,spices,and tree nuts as well as milk,meat,and dried fruit.Many factors affect the growth of Aspergillus fungi and the level of aflatoxin contamination in food.Drought stress is one of the factors that increase susceptibility of plants to Aspergillus and thus aflatoxin contamination.A recent drought is thought to be responsible for finding of trace amounts of aflatoxin in some of the corn harvested in the United States.Although it's too soon to know whether aflatoxin will be a significant problem,since United States is the world's largest corn producer and exporter,this has raised alarm bells.Strict regulations and testing of finished foods and feeds in the United States should prevent a major health scare,and prevent human exposure to deleterious levels of aflatoxin.Unfortunately,such regulations and testing are not in place in many countries.The purpose of this editorial is to summarize the current knowledge on association of aflatoxin and HCC,encourage future research and draw attention to this global public health issue.

Functional food products in Japan:A review

Japan has a long history of using foods with health benefits and Japanese people are well-known for their longevity.In 1991,the Ministry of Health,Labor and Welfare introduced a functional food regulation called“foods for specified health uses”(FOSHU)in Japan.After the introduction of the functional food system,many clinically proven FOSHU products with health benefits have been developed and launched in the market.As a result,the net sales of FOSHU products reached 6.2 billion dollars in 2007.Most of the health claims relate to improving gastro-intestinal health using probiotics.Triglycerides,high blood pressure,high LDL-cholesterol,and high blood glucose are mainly associated with the related health claims.After 2007,the market for FOSHU products was almost saturated.However,a novel functional regulatory system\called“Foods with Function Claims”was established in 2015 based on the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act system established in the USA.Major health claims in the new regulation system are associated with fatigue,eyes,memory,stress,sleep,joints,blood flow,body temperature,muscles,and Body Mass Index.After the introduction of the new system,the total sales for functional foods including FOSHU products reached 8 billion dollars in 2018.The new functional regulatory system is more flexible in terms of health claims,the protocol for clinical studies,and the required results.Therefore,the market for new regulatory products is still growing.In the present paper,the potential of both regulatory systems and some related issues will be discussed.

Characteristics of Superfine Green Tea Powder and Its Application in Food Industry

Superfine green tea powder is a new kind of tea product that can be eaten directly.It provided most of the benefits of whole green tea leaves,with all of the bioactive ingredients.This paper highlighted the characteristics and health benefits of superfine green tea powder,and its applications in food industry.

Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance an Approach to the Genus <i>Salmonella</i>spp.

Foodborne Illnesses (FI) are considered an important problem in public health for their high levels of morbidity and, in some cases, of mortality in Mexico and around the world. Different agents that cause Foodborne Illnesses, in which biological agents such as the genus Salmonella spp., are included, have been often associated with outbreaks. A continued effort has been observed in the food industry, in collaboration with sanitary authorities on a global scale, through the creation and continued improvement of different procedures to prevent the contamination by Salmonella, in which the elaboration of laboratory methodologies for the detection and isolation of this pathogen in foods and, in such manner, prevents the outbreak of illnesses. However, along with the aforementioned, it has been reported that a few years ago, the appearance of an ever-increasing number of strains of Salmonella spp., in foods with multi-drug resistance to antibiotics which are used in the treatment of its illness, results in a major emphasis on the health issue related to Foodborne Illnesses and, in particular, to those generated by factors of medical dependence such as the increase in recuperation time, costs, and reduction in the number of alternative pharmaceutical treatments. This work presents a general overview of FI, in which illnesses generated by bacteria of the genus Salmonella spp., their detection in a microbiological laboratory, as well as the phenomenon of resistance to antibiotics by these bacteria, and the current and difficult issue reported through different investigations all around the world, of the rise in this phenomenon and its importance in public health, are discussed.

No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

药食同源产品开发思路探讨

目的 为药食同源产品的开发提供思路。方法 采用计算机检索关于中药保健食品相关专利及药食同源相关文献,分析近年来中药保健食品和药食同源产品的相关政策、研发现状及市场前景。结果 药食同源产品可发挥中医药治未病的独特优势,药食同源产业是“健康中国”战略中不可或缺的一环。国家卫生部门发布了102种药食同源的中药材,提供了基于这102种药食同源目录中药材开发的药食同源产品具有保健功效的可能性依据。药食同源产品的开发,应基于性味归经及功效,遵循中医药调理配伍原则,现代生理功效相结合的组方原则,以及产品开发与市场需求紧密结合的开发原则,可从肿瘤类、不孕不育类、糖脂代谢类疾病及增强免疫力4个方面开发产品,还需注意产品体感与功效相结合。结论 基于102种药食同源目录中药材的药食同源产品是对中药保健食品的极大补充,也是中医药大健康产品的关键所在。

Entomophagy and Public Health: A Review of Microbiological Hazards

The world population’s constant increase and the continuous need to ensure food safety and security are among the major challenges to be faced in the next 30 years. In addition, human diet is evolving with a decreased inclusion of proteins from animal sources. In this context, consumption of insects by humans (entomophagy) could be an alternative solution to the intake of protein derived from conventional livestock, due to the lower environmental impact of insect rearing compared to traditional farming. Furthermore, various insect species have promising nutritional profiles regarding both macro and micronutrients. Nowadays, it is recognized that about 2 billion people consume insects at a worldwide scale, with more than 2000 different species to have been reported. Since the beginning of the 2000s, mass rearing of insects for human consumption has been developing all over the world. Nevertheless edible insects are foodstuffs of animal origin and are usually consumed in their entirety, including the digestive tract, meaning that they may contain biological agents with hazardous potential (e.g. bacteria, parasites, viruses, prions, yeasts, molds, mycotoxins, histamine, and antibiotic resistance genes) and they must undergo a thorough analysis. Therefore, establishing the synthesis of the current knowledge on entomophagy and the related biological hazards is the main purpose of this review.

Cost and Calorie Analysis of Fast Food Consumption in College Students

The purpose of this research was to assess money spent and calories consumed by college students from fast food restaurants located on and around a southern college campus. A convenience sample (n = 152) of undergraduate college students (aged 18 - 24) at a southern university participated in a survey that measured dietary intake from seven local fast food chains using a researcher developed food frequency questionnaire and a lifestyle behavior survey that collected data on health practices. A strong positive correlation was found between total monthly fast food expense and total monthly fast food caloric consumption (r(150) = 0.94, p t test comparing the mean monthly fast food restaurant expense males to females found a significant difference between the two groups (t(150) = 4.19, p < 0.05).The more money spent by college students contributed to a higher amount of calories consumed from fast food in a typical month. Future research needs to determine if college students are contributing to the high obesity rate and if limiting fast food restaurants on and around college campuses would help decrease fast food consumption in college students.