Exploration of Problems and Solutions in Psychological Health Education for Preschool Children

The preschool period is a crucial stage for children’s physical and mental development,and the mental health status during this period directly affects children’s personality shaping and lifelong development.In recent years,China’s preschool education has flourished,with a continuous increase in the enrollment rate of children and an increasing emphasis on mental health education.However,there are still many problems in the current mental health education for preschool children,which urgently requires attention from all sectors of society.This article analyzes the main problems in mental health education for preschool children and proposes corresponding solutions,hoping to provide references for related research.

A Study of Health Prescribing for Children with Tourette’s Disorders in Children’s Health Education Specialty Care Clinics

Objective:This study designs and implements the health prescription of children’s health education specialized nursing clinic based on the physical and mental characteristics of children with Tourette’s syndrome.Methods:Applying the evidence-based nursing model and nursing intervention theory based on the survey research by searching China Knowledge Network,Wanfang Database and Wipro Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,the study collected the literature on the health prescription intervention research in children’s Tourette’s disorders health education in children’s health education of specialized nursing outpatient clinic for review and combined with the specialty characteristics to formulate“Children’s Tourette’s Disorder Health Education Prescription.”Results:Tourette’s syndrome in children is a common pediatric neurological disorder,mainly manifested as involuntary,rapid and repeated muscle twitching and vocal tics,which brings serious psychological pressure and life disturbance to the affected children.Conclusion:For children with Tourette’s syndrome,healthcare professionals should give enough care and understanding to the children and their parents,provide timely and effective health education to them,help them improve their bad behavioral habits,establish correct cognitive attitudes,enhance self-confidence,improve patient compliance,reduce the frequency of recurrence,reduce the incidence of complications and promote children’s physical and mental health development.

Practical Experience of Establishing German Standard Level 1 Perinatal Center in Chongqing Health Care for Women and Children

Germany,as a western developed country,has an advanced medical level,especially in the health care of very immature premature infants.We trace the medical history of perinatology to understand the development of perinatal centers in Germany.After analyzing the classification and function,hierarchical management and quality control systems of German perinatal centers,we established a German standard level 1 perinatal center in the Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children(CHCWC).During more than two years of practice,we changed concepts,continuously updated clinical knowledge and skills,developed a series o f high-quality work processes and supervision systems and introduced advanced medical equipment.We believe that the experience of establishing a German standard level 1 perinatal center and perinatal center network in Chongqing is worthy of being promoted to the Chinese maternal and child health care system.

Mental Health Care Given to Children and Adolescents in the Center for Children and Your Psychosocial:From the Perspective of Health Professionals

This study was carried out in order to investigate the professionals’ feelings concerning the care in the Center for Children and Youth Psychosocial Care, as well as to evidence the advantages and difficulties of this work. This was a qualitative research guided by the social phenomenology of Al-fred Schütz. 13 health professionals from CAPSi between November 2008 and January 2009 were interviewed. We identified three categories: First feelings, difficulties of care and motivation for the care. The first category, awakened feelings, relates to the beginning of work with children and adolescents in CAPSi. The second motivation for the care, relates to the points highlighted as conducive to work. The third, difficulties in Caring for expressing the difficulties encountered in mental health of children and adolescents in CAPSi. We concluded that the care depends of knowledge, experience and service conditions in order to attend the needs of children and adolescents in CAPSi.

Parents’ and caregivers’ attitudes towards malaria, and health care seeking practices for their febrile children in a hospital in north-eastern Nigeria

Despite the very high burden of malaria among children in Borno state, the proportion of those who receive standard treatment has been very low. This study aimed to determine malaria knowledge, attitude towards prevention, and health care seeking behaviours of parents or caregivers of children presenting with fever at the paediatric clinic of a secondary-level hospital in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain information from the respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, from the parents or caregivers of children presented to the Paediatric clinic with history of fever, and analysed in SPSS. A total of 331 respondents were finally recruited into the study. The ages of the children ranged from one to fourteen years. Some of them (15.3%) were internally displaced persons (IDPs). As many as 90.7% and 91.9% of the respondents believed that malaria is a life-threatening illness, and ITNs could prevent malaria, respectively. Less than a half of them (42.3%) had immediately brought their children to the hospital once they detected the fever. At the hospital, only 202 (60.7%) of the children had had malaria parasite test done on them, of which 89.1% tested positive. Permanent residents were more likely to promptly take their children to the hospital, one they detected fever, compared to IDPs ( 2=12.401, df =1, p=0.002). There is the need for promoting early presentation of febrile children to health centres, and also promoting routine malaria tests for febrile persons.

The Research on the Paths of Popular Science Education about Myopia Prevention and Control among College Students in the Context of Shifting the Focus Forward

Currently, the number of myopic people in China has reached as high as 600 million, and it shows a trend of “early onset, high incidence, and a high degree of severity”. The issue of myopia among children and adolescents has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society. Comprehensive myopia prevention and control efforts have been launched nationwide. Popular science education, vision screening, and improving visual environments are effective measures for preventing myopia. However, among the target audience for comprehensive myopia prevention and control, the preschool children group has been neglected, and the work of myopia prevention and control for this group has been significantly weakened and marginalized. Due to insufficient awareness of prevention and control, the hyperopia reserve in the preschool children group is being continuously depleted, leading to the early onset of myopia. In light of this situation, the focus of myopia prevention and control needs to shift forward, and it is worth exploring and pondering how college students with a background in optometry can develop entertaining and engaging popular science education materials and methods.

Children’s Health, Parent-Child Activities, Using Digital Devices, and Social Competence: Serial Mediation

Background: Studies have pointed out the influence of different children’s activities and prolonged use of digital products on their social development. However, whether the parent-child activities and using digital devices were serial mediators of the relationship between children’s health and social development needs further verification. Purpose: This study explored how parent-child activities and children’s use of digital devices influence the relationship between children’s health and their social competence. Method: This study used data from Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care. A total sample of 2164 participants was used in this study. Serial mediation analyses were performed using model six of Hayes’ PROCESS (2012). Results: This study found that parent-child activities and the use of digital devices can serially mediate the relationship between children’s health and social competence. Children’s health could directly improve their social competence, but it could also serially mediate social competence by increasing parent-child activities and reducing the use of digital devices. Conclusion: Childcare policy planners and parenting educators should not only call on parents to reduce the use of electronic products for their children, but also encourage parents to spend more time interacting with their children, so that children can learn social skills by interacting with others in their daily lives.

Oral health status and performance of oral functions in children and adolescents in the treatment for overweight or obesity

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of oral functions and oral conditions in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, investigating possible associations with treatment for weight reduction. Developing a cross-sectional research and quantitative approach with inductive and descriptive and critical analysis of data, such as from a range of 95%, the universe was represented by children and adolescents who were overweight or obese, in both sexes, treated at reference centers for the treatment of obesity by the National Health System, in Campina Grande, Paraíba, 2010-2012. As the control group considered subjects of the same age, in the process of screening for attention in the places listed, but without the condition of overweight or obese, the research was started after the approval by the Ethics Resarch Committee of the UEPB under the protocol number 0513.0.133.000-09. As instruments for data collection were used in the questionnaire and clinical examination, of the 70 surveyed, most were female, ranging in age from 3 to 17 years, overweight, without comorbidities and carriers of deleterious oral habits;especially the nail biting, significantly associated with female sex p < 0.05. Consistency was the preferred food paste and chewing quickly, unilaterally, without discomfort or gagging constant. There was a significant difference between the values of the DMFT index, the presence of visible biofilm and the frequency of halitosis, for groups with overweight or obesity, with association between time of treatment and medications.

Health, Wellbeing and Self-Esteem: Web-Based Support in Children with Urogenital or Bowel Malformation

Children with urogenital malformation or bowel disturbances are a vulnerable group and are at risk of experiencing ill health. At school they have to face and cope with situations they are unused to and often feel excluded. There is a lack of studies investigating prevention of ill health in this group of children. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the health/well-being and self-esteem, before and after a one-year intervention comprising person-centred, web-based learning support, in preschool children born with malformations in the urethra, bladder, genitals and/or bowel. Study design: Nine boys and one girl participated, aged 3 - 7 years (study group) with diagnoses of epispadia, bladder exstrophy, urethra valves and Hirschprung’s disease. Two questionnaires were used, developed to measure index of health/wellbeing and self-esteem in younger children. In the study group, the interviews were repeated after one year. The group was compared with a control group of 20 healthy, age-matched children. Results: Before the intervention, there were no differences in wellbeing (Children condition index) between the study group and the control group. One year after the start of the web-based preschool, wellbeing in the study group had slightly improved, but not significantly compared to before the intervention. No significant difference was found compared to the control group. When measured self-esteem (I think I am) before the intervention, the study group had significantly better self-esteem compared to the control group. One year later, there was a slight improvement in self-esteem, but two children scored worse in the domain Psychological wellbeing. In comparison with the group of healthy children, the self-esteem in the study group was better for total sum (p = 0.0002). Discussion: Wellbeing and self-esteem seem to be good in children aged 3 - 7 years with uro-genital and bowel malformations, according to the findings of this study. This is better than reports concerning older children. Despite high initial values compared to healthy children, continued, but not significant, improvement in wellbeing and self-esteem was shown one year after intervention. Conclusions: The results of the intervention aimed at promoting health, wellbeing and self-esteem are promising but a longer-term follow-up in a larger group of children is needed.

Stressful life events,psychosocial health and general health in preschool children before age 4

Background The impact of stressful life events(SLEs)in early childhood is often ignored.We aimed to examine longitudinal associations between SLEs and psychosocial and general health in preschool children.Methods Twelve SLEs occurring before the age of 24 months were assessed and categorized by frequency(no events,1-2 SLEs,and>2 SLEs)and overall tension(no events,low,and high)(n=1431).Psychosocial and general health were meas-ured three times at the age of 24,36 and 45 months.The associations were examined by logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations to handle repeated measurements.Results Half(48.4%)of the families experienced SLEs,and 23.8%perceived high-tension SLEs before the children were aged 24 months.Gender differences were observed in the association between SLEs and psychosocial health.Compared to girls without SLEs,girls who experienced>2 SLEs[OR=3.31,95%confidence interval(CI)2.05-5.35]or high-tension SLEs(OR=3.01,95%CI 2.07-4.39)had higher odds of psychosocial problems from 24 to 45 months.The odds ratios in boys were 2.10(95%CI 1.36-3.24)and 1.47(95%CI 1.06-2.03),respectively.Moreover,only girls'risk of psychosocial problems increased after experiencing 1-2 SLEs(OR=2.15,95%CI 1.54-3.00)or low-tension SLEs(OR=1.90,95%CI 1.31-2.74).Regarding general health,children who experienced>2 SLEs(OR=1.96,95%CI 1.21-3.18)and high-tension SLEs(OR=1.60,95%CI 1.12-2.28)had higher odds of poor general health from 24 to 45 months.Conclusions The findings emphasized that young children's psychosocial and general health can be impacted by experienc-ing SLEs in early childhood.Attention and adequate support for families experiencing SLEs are needed to minimize the potential negative effect of SLEs on child health,particularly in girls.

Family counseling of dental and oral care for preventing caries of dental during preschool age: a literature review

Incorrect family behavior in caring for the dental and oral health of preschool-aged children can affect the incidence of dental caries in these children and can cause more serious health problems in the future if not treated immediately,so it is important to find the right solution.This study aims to determine the effect of family counseling on dental and oral care for preschoolers.This study uses a narrative literature review method.Search articles using 5 databases(Pubmed,ScienceDirect,SpringerLink,ProQuest,and Google Scholar)to search for articles with the keywords family counseling AND Oral health AND Early Childhood Caries AND Behavior Change AND Family and the article selection process refers to the Flow diagram of the PRISMA Statement 2020.The results showed that there were 7 articles analyzed in this study.The implementation of family counseling has a significant effect in increasing self-efficacy,knowledge,ability,and motivation of the family,as well as the behavior of the child,to reduce the risk of dental caries in preschool-age children,taking into account several conditions.It was determined that family counseling is effective in reducing the incidence of dental caries in preschool children.

0~6岁儿童眼保健和视力检查服务现状及对策研究

目的了解0~6岁儿童眼保健和视力检查服务现状,为相关部门提供决策依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,于2019年9—12月从北京市、安徽省、青海省抽取15家区县级妇幼保健院及基层卫生机构进行问卷调查,并采用现场观察及小组访谈的方式了解儿童眼保健服务现状及存在的问题等。结果被调查的区县级妇幼保健机构均配备了开展儿童眼保健服务的基本用房及设备;基层卫生机构均配备了开展儿童眼保健服务的基础设备,但有些设备陈旧破损、闲置未用。被调查机构儿童眼保健人员均不足,区县级妇幼保健院、社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院的儿童眼保健人员分别占卫生技术人员的9.5%、5.5%和2.4%,不同类型卫生机构的儿童眼保健人员占比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.966,P=0.011)。社区卫生服务中心无眼科医生,该岗位由儿保人员兼职。被调查机构儿童眼保健人员接受上级指导及培训的机会普遍较少,年人均1~3次。各地儿童眼保健及视力检查服务覆盖率均在90%以上,但现场观察发现儿童眼保健人员操作技能尚不熟练、不规范。结论各卫生机构均需进一步完善儿童眼保健及视力检查服务设备,提高儿童眼保健人员的知识技能及服务质量。

贯彻最有利于学前儿童的原则:立法与实践的双重审视

学前教育高质量发展是实现“幼有优育”的必由之路,而立法则是促进学前教育高质量发展的有力保障。《中华人民共和国学前教育法(草案)》以最有利于学前儿童的原则为根本立场,旨在解决学前教育实践中面临的诸多问题。《草案》强调以公益普惠为基本方向,保障学前儿童的受教育权和参与权;推进科学保教,遵循学前儿童的身心发展规律;规定家园社三方协同育人责任,优化学前儿童的成长环境。尽管《草案》在许多方面具有前瞻性和指导意义,充分体现了对学前儿童权益的高度重视,但在具体实施上,仍需进一步完善相关条款,健全相应的制度保障。

流动学前儿童教育照顾服务的社会支持现状及对策

完善学前儿童教育照顾服务,实现幼有所育是新时代的重要议题。作为最年幼的流动人口,流动学前儿童属于脆弱群体。由于教育照顾服务等社会支持不足,流动学前儿童的生存发展面临着诸多困境。通过对托育机构、幼儿园、社区、社会组织等为流动学前儿童及其家庭提供教育照顾服务的情况进行调查,厘清教育照顾服务的社会支持状况发现,目前还存在针对托育机构、幼儿园等公益性和普惠性教育照顾机构供应不足与质量参差不齐、社区支持力度单薄、社会组织关注度不够等问题,需要大力发展普惠性托育、学前教育等机构教育照顾服务,充分发挥社区、社会组织和社会工作的联动作用,提高流动学前儿童教育照顾服务水平。

4~7岁儿童代谢综合征有关指标之间相关模式研究

目的探究4~7岁儿童代谢综合征有关指标之间的相关模式。方法依托前期开展的孕期增补复合微量营养素预防母婴不良结局项目,在河北满城、元氏2县选取参加项目孕妇所生儿童1454名,于儿童4~7岁时测量身高、体重、腰围、血压并检测血脂和血糖。采用Pearson相关分析检验体质指数(BMI)、腰围、总胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、收缩压和舒张压共9个指标之间的线性相关关系。参照美国心脏学会标准判定儿童中心性肥胖、高血压、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症和高血糖发生情况,采用关联分析的φ系数描述5个代谢综合征组分间的相关关系。结果儿童CHO与LDL-C相关关系强(r=0.82,P<0.001),腰围与BMI、收缩压与舒张压、CHO与HDL-C相关关系较强(r依次为0.63、0.60和0.74,P均<0.001),CHO与TG、TG与LDL-C、HDL-C与LDL-C中等强度相关(r依次为0.34、0.30和0.43,P均<0.001),其他指标之间为弱相关或无相关。儿童中心性肥胖与高血压、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症三者均呈弱相关关系(φ系数依次为0.06、0.08和0.07,P均<0.05),高血压和高TG血症呈弱相关关系(φ=0.05,P<0.05),其他代谢综合征组分间的φ系数无统计学意义。结论儿童收缩压与舒张压之间、腰围与BMI之间以及几个血脂指标彼此之间相关关系较强,包括HDL-C与CHO、LDL-C均为中等强度正相关关系,而血压、肥胖与血脂三类指标之间无明显相关,血糖与所有指标均无明显相关;儿童代谢综合征各组分间相关较弱或无相关,提示儿童代谢指标间相关模式与成人不完全相同,代谢综合征这一概念应用于儿童宜审慎。

差异化视域下婴幼儿口腔保健认知及行为的质性研究

目的:探究差异化视域下医生、护士、婴幼儿照顾者对婴幼儿口腔保健的认知及行为,推动我国婴幼儿口腔保健的进一步普及,为制订针对性的干预策略提供依据。方法:采用目的抽样法于2022年10月-2023年2月在山东省青岛市某三级甲等儿童医院对8名医生、10名护士及9名婴幼儿照顾者开展半结构式深入访谈,婴幼儿照顾者来自儿童保健科门诊。运用主题分析法对资料进行整理分析并提炼主题。结果:共提炼出关于婴幼儿口腔保健认知及行为的3个主题,分别为知识水平呈现人群差异性、口腔保健认知及行为现状、推动口腔保健普及面临重重挑战。结论:通过对婴幼儿口腔保健相关利益人群进行半结构式访谈,了解到医护人员及照顾者对于婴幼儿口腔保健的认知有待加强,需制订针对性的干预策略促进婴幼儿口腔保健深入普及。

基于计算机云平台筛查学龄前儿童多动行为及其影响因素分析

目的基于计算机云平台智能化主动筛查,研究深圳市龙华区4~5岁的学龄前儿童多动行为现状及其相关影响因素,以期实现对学龄前儿童多动行为的早期筛查。方法运用计算机“璟云平台”对深圳市龙华区6个街道共239家幼儿园在2019年秋季入学的学龄前儿童进行调查,共收集59564名学龄前儿童问卷数据,年龄4~5岁,获得有效问卷59114份。试验创新性在于将经过本领域专家论证有效可行的问卷收集量表放置于计算机云平台上,实现智能化收集数据并通过智能分析,方便早期筛查与智能判断。用专家论证编制的问卷收集被调查对象的一般人口学资料,用Conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ)评估被调查学龄前儿童的多动行为,并对采集的数据分析儿童多动行为的现状及相关影响因素。结果深圳市龙华区6个街道共239家幼儿园4~5岁学龄前儿童多动行为检出率为4.86%。儿童性别、父母婚姻状况、在深圳居住时间、所处街道环境及转校情况与学龄前儿童多动行为均存在关联(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示,深圳居住时间是保护因素(95%CI 0.798~0.975),并且在深圳居住时间越长,女孩受保护比男孩更明显。儿童父母亲的婚姻状况为丧偶(95%CI 3.154~19.646)、未婚(95%CI 1.027~5.268),儿童所在幼儿园位于龙华街道(95%CI 1.138~2.508)、大浪街道(95%CI 1.384~2.971)以及观澜街道(95%CI 1.470~3.509)均是学龄前儿童多动行为的危险因素。结论通过计算机云平台的主动筛查,能够简便有效筛查出有多动行为的学龄前儿童,以及可分析得到影响学龄前儿童多动行为的相关保护或危险因素,在较大范围区域的早期筛查中建议推广使用。

“迎香”“足三里”穴位保健按摩在儿童保健中的作用

目的:探讨“迎香”“足三里”穴位保健按摩在儿童保健中的作用。方法:选择2021年1月—2023年1月如皋市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心保健科收治的420例儿童作为研究对象。随机分为研究组与常规组,各210例。常规组儿童采取常规西医保健,研究组在常规组的基础上采取“迎香”“足三里”穴位保健按摩干预,比较两组生长发育情况、营养性疾病发生情况及血常规指标。结果:干预后,研究组体重、头围、身高、智力指数(MI)、发育商(DQ)均高于干预前,且研究组均高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组超重/肥胖、蛋白质-能量营养不良、阴阳性缺铁性贫血、维生素D缺乏性佝偻症的发生率均低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组平均红细胞血红蛋白量(MCH)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、血红蛋白(Hb)水平均高于干预前,且研究组高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:穴位保健按摩是一种安全有效的儿童保健方式,通过按摩“迎香”“足三里”可促进身体发育、降低营养性疾病的发生率,改善血液供应情况。

O-AMAS有效教学模型在学前儿童卫生与保育课程教学中的应用研究

目的探讨O-AMAS有效教学模型在学前儿童卫生与保育课程教学中的应用效果。方法以学前儿童卫生与保育课程为例,对绍兴文理学院学前教育专业的学生分别采用传统授课模式(对照组)和基于O-AMAS有效教学模型的授课模式(实验组)进行教学。通过比较2组学生的总评成绩和课程满意度,评估教学效果。结果实验组学生的平均总评成绩显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。在课程满意度方面,实验组学生“激发学习兴趣,鼓励创新”“重视知识理解,强调学以致用,培养应用能力”“重视教学活动互动性,培养沟通及团队协作的素养”维度的满意度评分均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示,实验组学生“重视知识理解,强调学以致用,培养应用能力”和“学业负担合理度”维度的满意度评分与学生总评成绩显著相关(P<0.01)。结论OAMAS有效教学模型在学前儿童卫生与保育课程教学中的效果显著,能有效提升教学效率、课程满意度及学业成绩。