Campylobacter species belong to the most important foodborne bacteria which cause gastroenteritis in humans in both developed and developing countries. Applied hygienic measures result only partially efficient, as dem...Campylobacter species belong to the most important foodborne bacteria which cause gastroenteritis in humans in both developed and developing countries. Applied hygienic measures result only partially efficient, as demonstrated by the high number of reported cases in the human population. Alternative strategies to prevent the disease though a direct action at primary production level have been explored. Preliminary data showed that cattle and pigs fed with bamboo and olive by-products, respectively, were free from Campylobacter, suggesting potential sustainable prevention strategy. In addition, biochemical analysis showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids in red meat and meat products, adequate for the application of health claims in line with EU food law.展开更多
Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries across many geographical locales and have traditionally been considered healthy foods, partly because of the live microbes contained in them. The concept of ȁ...Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries across many geographical locales and have traditionally been considered healthy foods, partly because of the live microbes contained in them. The concept of “probiotics” further requires that the microbes be defined and their health effects be demonstrated through human intervention studies or other suitable investigations before marketing with corresponding health messages. Here, we review recommendations for fermented foods and probiotics in several countries outside the EU, focusing on food-based dietary guidelines. We emphasize recommendations on yoghurt and probiotics made by expert bodies. We found that dietary guidelines commonly advocate the consumption of yoghurt or similar products, but specific comments on probiotics are rare. Further, we reviewed guidelines from clinical associations. In general, they acknowledge the beneficial effects of probiotics, but often suggest the need for further research. This is true despite good quality evidence supporting the role of probiotics for certain health effects, such as prevention of eczema in infants, management of side effects from antibiotics and alleviation of functional bowel symptoms. Additional research to support future dietary recommendations should focus on determining effect size, identifying responders and non-responders, clarifying strain-specificity of effects and confirming mechanisms.展开更多
分析近年我国保健食品功能声称的分布、原料使用情况和功效/标志性成分检测的现状,探讨原料与功效/标志性成分的对应性和现行检测方法的适用性,为保健食品企业制定产品质量标准和监管部门修订注册管理办法提供研究基础。查询国家食品药...分析近年我国保健食品功能声称的分布、原料使用情况和功效/标志性成分检测的现状,探讨原料与功效/标志性成分的对应性和现行检测方法的适用性,为保健食品企业制定产品质量标准和监管部门修订注册管理办法提供研究基础。查询国家食品药品监督管理总局(China Food and Drug Administration,CFDA)网站中2012年～2016年保健食品注册信息,统计产品功能声称及原料使用情况,分析对比保健食品和药品对于相同原料所选用标志性成分指标的异同。2012年～2016年期间增强免疫力、缓解体力疲劳等7类功能声称国产保健食品注册审批数量最多,灵芝、枸杞子等30种原料使用频率最高,7类保健食品功能声称及常用原料、有效成分,企业标准中标志性成分及中国药典测定指标汇总成表。我国保健食品原料和功能声称选择较集中,多数保健食品原料、功效/标志性成分指标吻合度差,亟待明确产品专属功效/标志性成分,建立专属检验方法,有序进行标准更新及产业升级。展开更多
文摘Campylobacter species belong to the most important foodborne bacteria which cause gastroenteritis in humans in both developed and developing countries. Applied hygienic measures result only partially efficient, as demonstrated by the high number of reported cases in the human population. Alternative strategies to prevent the disease though a direct action at primary production level have been explored. Preliminary data showed that cattle and pigs fed with bamboo and olive by-products, respectively, were free from Campylobacter, suggesting potential sustainable prevention strategy. In addition, biochemical analysis showed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids in red meat and meat products, adequate for the application of health claims in line with EU food law.
文摘Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries across many geographical locales and have traditionally been considered healthy foods, partly because of the live microbes contained in them. The concept of “probiotics” further requires that the microbes be defined and their health effects be demonstrated through human intervention studies or other suitable investigations before marketing with corresponding health messages. Here, we review recommendations for fermented foods and probiotics in several countries outside the EU, focusing on food-based dietary guidelines. We emphasize recommendations on yoghurt and probiotics made by expert bodies. We found that dietary guidelines commonly advocate the consumption of yoghurt or similar products, but specific comments on probiotics are rare. Further, we reviewed guidelines from clinical associations. In general, they acknowledge the beneficial effects of probiotics, but often suggest the need for further research. This is true despite good quality evidence supporting the role of probiotics for certain health effects, such as prevention of eczema in infants, management of side effects from antibiotics and alleviation of functional bowel symptoms. Additional research to support future dietary recommendations should focus on determining effect size, identifying responders and non-responders, clarifying strain-specificity of effects and confirming mechanisms.
文摘分析近年我国保健食品功能声称的分布、原料使用情况和功效/标志性成分检测的现状,探讨原料与功效/标志性成分的对应性和现行检测方法的适用性,为保健食品企业制定产品质量标准和监管部门修订注册管理办法提供研究基础。查询国家食品药品监督管理总局(China Food and Drug Administration,CFDA)网站中2012年～2016年保健食品注册信息,统计产品功能声称及原料使用情况,分析对比保健食品和药品对于相同原料所选用标志性成分指标的异同。2012年～2016年期间增强免疫力、缓解体力疲劳等7类功能声称国产保健食品注册审批数量最多,灵芝、枸杞子等30种原料使用频率最高,7类保健食品功能声称及常用原料、有效成分,企业标准中标志性成分及中国药典测定指标汇总成表。我国保健食品原料和功能声称选择较集中,多数保健食品原料、功效/标志性成分指标吻合度差,亟待明确产品专属功效/标志性成分,建立专属检验方法,有序进行标准更新及产业升级。
