An Analysis of Specific Categories of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities for Children of Participants of the Air Force Health Study

Background: The Air Force Health Study collected reproductive outcomes for live-born children of male Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War. Methods: Dioxin values for participants were obtained from blood samples. Analyses were conducted of occurrence of 16 specific categories of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Children were categorized as conceived before and after the start of participants’ Vietnam War service. Children conceived before the start of Vietnam War service were treated as being conceived when their fathers had unquantifiable dioxin values. Children conceived after the start of Vietnam War service for participants with missing dioxin values were excluded from primary analyses, but were used to assess the impact of their exclusion on conclusions. Correlation between values for specific categories for multiple children fathered by the same participant was accounted for. The dose-response relationship was treated as a step function increasing for dioxin values larger than adaptively identified individual thresholds changing with the specific category. Results: For 15 of 16 specific categories, the probability of occurrence increased substantially for a sufficiently high dioxin level above identified thresholds. Exclusion of children due to missing dioxin likely did not affect these results. Conclusions: Results supported the conclusion of substantial adverse effects on a wide variety of specific categories of birth defects and developmental disabilities due to sufficiently high exposures to dioxin, a toxic contaminant of Agent Orange used for herbicide spraying in the Vietnam War. Results may hold more generally, but might also have been affected by a variety of limitations.

The Relationship of Occupational Health Nurses’ Experiences with Associated Departments in Relation to Project Development of Mental Health Care for Primary Preventive Treatment

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship and experiences of occupational health nurses (OHNs) and related departments in project development of mental health care for primary treatment in the Japanese occupational health setting. Method: A total of 235 OHNs who are members of the Japan Academy of Occupational Health Nursing were sent an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included items on the following: the OHN’s background, whether the OHN had experience in project development, the communication between the associated departments, the Japanese version of the Work Engagement Scale (UWES-J), occupational assessments, workplace assessments, and the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for health promotion in companies and the OHN’s working environment. We performed logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between experience and these harmonious relationships with other associated departments. Result: Responses from 61 OHNs (valid response rate: 25.9%) were analyzed. The mean number of years of service as an OHN was 18.9, and 82% of respondents had experience in project development. The logistic analysis further revealed that OHNs who had experience in project development of mental health care usually had a harmonious relationship with other associated departments. Conclusion: To promote mental health care for workers, OHNs have the capability to create individual and workplace assessments, enhance their work engagement, and make further improvements to their working environment. .

Quality of Life and Chinese Medicine──The Development of Health Status Measures for Chinese Medicine

Quality of Life (QOL) is a multiphase conception, including physical, mental and social factors, and can overall reflect health status of the human. At present, QOL has become a relevant measure of efficacy of treatment in clinical trials. Its use is spreading, and its importance is growing as a valid indicator of whether or not a medical treatment is

Development of China's Public Health as an Essential Element of Human Rights

September 2017 Contents Preface Ensuring People’s Right to Health Based on China’s Conditions Continuous Improvement of Health Environment and Conditions Public Health Service Capability Improving Steadily Great Improvement in the Quality of Medical and Health Services Improvement of the National Medical Security System

Epigenetic mechanisms involved in developmental nutritional programming

The ways in which epigenetic modifications fix the effects of early environmental events,ensuring sustained responses to transient stimuli,which result in modified gene expression patterns and phenotypes later in life,is a topic of considerable interest.This review focuses on recently discovered mechanisms and calls into question prevailing views about the dynamics,position and functions of epigenetic marks.Most epigenetic studies have addressed the long-term effects on a small number of epigenetic marks,at the global or individual gene level,of environmental stressors in humans and animal models.In parallel,increasing numbers of studies based on high-throughput technologies and focusing on humans and mice have revealed additional complexity in epigenetic processes,by highlighting the importance of crosstalk between the different epigenetic marks.A number of studies focusing on the developmental origin of health and disease and metabolic programming have identified links between early nutrition,epigenetic processes and long-term illness.The existence of a self-propagating epigenetic cycle has been demonstrated.Moreover,recent studies demonstrate an obvious sexual dimorphism both for programming trajectories and in response to the same environmental insult.Despite recent progress,we are still far from understanding how,when and where environmental stressors disturb key epigenetic mechanisms.Thus,identifying the original key marks and their changes throughout development during an individual's lifetime or over several generations remains a challenging issue.

Human embryonic stem cells as an in vitro model for studying developmental origins of type 2 diabetes

The developmental origins of health and diseases(DOHaD)is a concept stating that adverse intrauterine environments contribute to the health risks of offspring.Since the theory emerged more than 30 years ago,many epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed that in utero exposure to environmental insults,including hyperglycemia and chemicals,increased the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).These NCDs include metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes,and complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy.Studying the effects of different environmental insults on early embryo development would aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms by which these insults promote NCD development.Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)have also been utilized by researchers to study the DOHaD.ESCs have pluripotent characteristics and can be differentiated into almost every cell lineage;therefore,they are excellent in vitro models for studying early developmental events.More importantly,human ESCs(hESCs)are the best alternative to human embryos for research because of ethical concerns.In this review,we will discuss different maternal conditions associated with DOHaD,focusing on the complications of maternal diabetes.Next,we will review the differentiation protocols developed to generate different cell lineages from hESCs.Additionally,we will review how hESCs are utilized as a model for research into the DOHaD.The effects of environmental insults on hESC differentiation and the possible involvement of epigenetic regulation will be discussed.

智力与发展性残疾儿童心理健康服务:基于WHO-FICs的研究

目的 系统分析智力与发展性残疾(IDD)儿童典型的心理健康状况及相关心理功能障碍,探讨如何构建针对IDD儿童的典型心理健康状况心理健康服务体系及心理干预方法。方法 基于世界卫生组织国际分类家族(WHO-FICs)架构,分析IDD儿童的心理健康状况和相关功能,构建心理健康服务架构并提出心理健康干预方法。结果 IDD儿童面临的典型的心理健康状况及相关疾病主要有6类:情绪障碍(焦虑症和抑郁症)、行为障碍(破坏性障碍、挑战性行为、攻击性行为)、创伤障碍(创伤后应激障碍)、精神障碍(精神分裂症)、自杀和自我伤害、学习障碍(发育性学习障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍)。为IDD儿童提供的心理健康服务涉及6个方面:领导力与治理、筹款、人力资源、服务提供、心理健康技术以及信息和研究。精神卫生服务贯穿从预防、治疗、康复到健康促进的连续卫生服务。为IDD儿童提供3个方面的心理健康服务:识别和诊断心理健康状况,分析导致心理健康问题的主要因素,以及分析环境因素。心理健康服务干预主要涉及抗抑郁药、心理治疗、压力管理培训、体育锻炼训练,以及健康生活方式的教育、建议和支持5类;心理健康服务可以在医院、康复机构、家庭和学校环境中提供。针对IDD儿童的各类心理健康问题,可以采取不同类型的心理健康干预方法。结论 本研究系统分析了IDD儿童典型的心理健康状况及相关心理功能障碍,根据世界卫生组织健康服务体系构建了IDD儿童心理健康服务架构,参照世界卫生组织健康服务连续体构建了IDD儿童心理健康干预方法体系,并且运用WHO-FICs对IDD儿童的功能进行描述和编码,运用ICHI-β3对相关的心理干预进行编码和分析。

儿童保健工作中应用系统化心理干预的效果分析

目的探讨系统化心理干预应用在儿童保健工作中的价值。方法选取2021年7月至2022年7月于湖南航天医院健康管理部接收的健康儿童中选取66例参与研究,根据随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各33例。对照组予以传统干预,观察组予以系统化心理干预。比较两组干预前后心理健康状况评分和各能区发育商以及行为问题发生率等指标。结果干预后观察组儿童心理健康状态评分包括学习、品行、冲动-多动、心身、焦虑、多动指数均较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后观察组各能区发育商包括认知、社交、精细运动、大运动、语言均较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组的睡眠效率、睡眠时间、睡眠质量得分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后观察组儿童行为问题发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在儿童保健工作中全面开展系统化心理干预,更加重视儿童的心理状态,能为儿童健康成长、发育起促进作用,干预效果较为理想,值得临床推广借鉴。

发展型绩效考核如何影响公共服务机构的组织绩效?

构建发展型绩效考核与公共服务机构的组织绩效关系模型,讨论组织情感承诺、员工工作绩效及公共服务动机所发挥的中介、调节作用。通过对H省14个地州市的95家社区卫生服务中心783名员工的调查结果进行回归分析,得出以下结论:(1)发展型绩效考核对中心的组织绩效有显著的直接影响。(2)员工工作绩效、组织情感承诺在发展型绩效考核与组织绩效间产生部分中介效用。(3)公共服务动机对发展型绩效考核和组织绩效关系的有调节效用,其中:公共服务动机对发展型绩效考核和组织绩效关系负向调节作用显著,对发展型绩效考核和员工工作绩效的关系也有显著负向调节,但其在发展型绩效考核和组织情感承诺关系中的调节效应不显著。

绿色暴露对儿童与青少年健康影响研究述评

绿色暴露是人与绿色空间积极互动的重要结果,为解决儿童与青少年健康问题提供新的契机。运用CiteSpace知识图谱分析软件对322篇Web of Science核心合集收录的相关文献进行文献计量分析,梳理绿色暴露对儿童和青少年健康影响研究的整体发展脉络。结果显示:(1)在纵向时间维度上,相关研究历经明显的阶段性特征,多数文献源于景观规划与环境资源类刊物;(2)高频发表的作者组团引导该领域的主要研究方向,文献支持机构主要来自欧美国家的众多高校;(3)在横向关键词维度上,通过共现、突现与时间线分析得出主要关键词,并从实践设计、儿童与青少年成长特点与社会属性出发,分析研究前沿内容;(4)基于研究方法与视角对相关文献进行差异性分析,总结重要的测度指标与发展层次。针对现有研究不足,为未来绿色暴露对儿童与青少年健康研究方向提供参考。

发展性心理健康教育对农村初中生心理健康影响的实验研究

目的探讨基于心理健康教育课程、发展性团体心理辅导、心理健康教育活动3种形式的发展性心理健康教育对农村初中生心理健康的影响。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,于2021年6月在海南省陵水黎族自治县文罗镇和隆广镇随机选取610名中学生,随机分为观察组和对照组(每组305人)。观察组采用心理健康教育课程、发展性团体心理辅导、心理健康教育活动3种形式的发展性心理健康教育措施,开展为期35 d的干预;对照组不接受任何心理辅导及相关课程的学习。使用《中学生心理健康量表》对两组学生的基线和终末的心理健康情况进行测量,并采用χ^(2)检验和t检验分析比较两组学生心理健康状况。结果基线调查中有33.8%和4.4%的学生分别存在轻度和中度心理健康问题。单因素分析结果显示干预后,七年级学生抑郁(t=0.308)、适应不良(t=1.092)维度的得分,八年级学生敌对(t=0.788)、焦虑(t=0.632)维度的得分,九年级学生焦虑(t=0.825)、学习压力(t=0.128)、情绪不稳定(t=0.697)维度的得分,组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.021)。干预前后比较发现,观察组干预效果优于对照组,观察组农村初中生心理健康总均分从(1.99±0.52)分下降到(1.92±0.51)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=1.413,P=0.049);对照组从(1.98±0.55)分下降(1.94±0.48)分,差异不具有统计学意义。结论采用基于心理健康教育课程、发展性团体心理辅导、心理健康教育活动3种形式的发展性心理健康教育,可以有效改善初中生的心理健康状况,提高其心理健康指数。

Interpretations of Key Points of National Nursing Developmental Project from 2016 to 2020

National Nursing Developmental Project from 2016 to 2020 w as printed and published by General Office of National Health and Family Planning Commission to further accelerate the development of medical nursing so as to meet the healthy requirements of the masses.This paper aimed to interpret the key points of the project from the aspects of excellent achievements in medical nursing development during the 12thFive-Year Plan,opportunities and challenges in nursing development during the 13thFive-Year Plan,guiding thought and primary principles,as w ell as the developmental targets,the primary assignments,the key projects and the supporting measures in the 13thFive-Year Plan,so as to provide the latest important information for nurses and patients w ith special requirements,and to improve nurses’professional nursing quality and capacity in medical nursing profession.

院校发展型支持对博士生心理困难的缓解效应研究——以“因劳致郁”现象为例

博士生的学习时间投入是培养质量的基本条件,然而可能出现“因劳致郁”现象,博士生陷入心理困难,院校有必要通过发展型支持予以缓解。基于全球博士生调查数据,本研究将心理支持、职业与学术支持作为发展型支持,另将经济支持作为保障型支持,以比较发展型支持对缓解博士生心理健康问题的有效性。分析发现:经济、心理、职业、学术四类支持存在群体异质性,发展型支持的水平高于保障型支持;每种支持措施均能独立缓解博士生心理困难,但对于“因劳致郁”现象,仅有发展型支持可以有效缓解,而保障型支持则无法有效缓解。培养单位与导师有必要以风险管理为思路,加强对博士生的发展型支持,同时优化保障型支持,拓展其解决即时性困难的功能。

辅助生殖技术与儿童发育可塑性的研究进展

辅助生殖技术(ART)的出现使许多不孕不育个体获益,同时采用ART生育的儿童生长、发育和健康的潜在长期后果也备受关注。采用ART生育儿童的晚期心脏疾病患病风险显著增加,因此在明确ART有效性、安全性前,必须谨慎使用ART。为进一步完善ART,应将长期随访研究结果用于新技术开发中。此外,详细ART登记处信息以及围生期、儿童健康诊所、学校数据均有助于更好地了解采用ART生育儿童的生长和健康状况,从而为完善ART提供可靠依据。

大学生心理健康素质的发展特点

采用"青少年心理健康素质调查研究"课题组编制的《青少年心理健康素质量表》对全国6 000多名在校大学生的心理健康素质实施测查并对所得的数据进行统计分析,以此考察我国大学生心理健康素质的状况和发展变化的特点。结果发现,体艺类大学生的整体心理健康素质水平要明显高于理科类和文科类大学生,城市来源大学生的整体心理健康素质水平要明显高于农村来源大学生,而大学生整体心理健康素质水平的年级差异和性别差异不显著。

深圳市宝安区社区卫生服务发展分析

从1996年试点以来, 深圳市宝安区社区卫生服务经历了部分试点、框架建设、网络完善等阶段, 政策支持、领导重视、多方筹资、规范管理、注重研究等一直是其不断前进的发展动力。为了实现2010 年社区健康服务中心总数达到210家, 必须实施人才开发、重点专科建设、模式创新等发展战略。

英美国家学校心理健康教育的发展现状及趋势

英美国家学校心理健康教育的发展现状呈现出人才培养科学、内容体系完善、途径方法多样、研究进展迅速、资格认证规范和监督管理严格等特点。其发展趋势主要表现在:学校心理健康教育工作者的职业化、学校心理健康教育内容的综合化、学校心理健康教育途径的多样化、学校心理健康教育人才培养的专业化和学校心理健康教育的全球化。

青少年心理健康素质调查表的编制

本文详细阐明了心理健康素质的操作定义,介绍了《青少年心理健康素质调查表》的构建和内容,特别是调查表初步编制的过程和结果,并对调查表的各类心理测量学指标和量表编制的理念进行了详细讨论。

大学生心理健康发展性素质教育模式研究

对我国大学心理健康教育存在的主要问题,结合理论研究与教育实践,就构建大学生心理健康发展性素质教育模式的意义及其具体措施进行了论述。

我国保健食品发展现状及问题分析

叙述了我国保健食品的发展状况,讨论了目前国内保健食品存在的问题,并针对问题进行了分析。