The purpose of this study was to examine parents’ communication with their children about the topic of smoking. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Twenty-nine parents who lived in rural communities and who ha...The purpose of this study was to examine parents’ communication with their children about the topic of smoking. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Twenty-nine parents who lived in rural communities and who had children in kindergarten to Grade 6 were interviewed. The data were analyzed for themes. A large majority of parents communicated with their children about smoking through verbal interaction, using any one of three approaches: discussing smoking with their children, telling their children about smoking, or acknowledging their children’s understanding of smoking. Those parents also had shown disapproval of smoking, which took different forms and varied from explicit messages in their verbal communication to implicit messages in their behaviours. Three parents had not verbally communicated at all with their children about smoking. Overall, the parents’ communication patterns with their children varied in terms of quality and coherence with recommendations in the literature.展开更多
The number of smokers in Chinese rural areas is more than 200 million, which is twice that in cities. It is very significant to carry out tobacco control interventions in rural areas. We performed this community inter...The number of smokers in Chinese rural areas is more than 200 million, which is twice that in cities. It is very significant to carry out tobacco control interventions in rural areas. We performed this community intervention study to evaluate the efficacy of village-based health education of tobacco control on the male current smoking rate in rural areas. The population of this study was the males above 15 years old from 6 villages in rural areas. The villages were randomly assigned to intervention group or control group(3 villages in each group). Self-designed smoking questionnaire was applied. The intervention group received the village-based health education of tobacco control for one year. The primary outcome measurement was the male current smoking rate. In the baseline investigation, completed surveys were returned by 814 male residents from the control group and 831 male residents from the intervention group. The male current smoking rate in the control group and the intervention group was 61.2% and 58.5%, respectively, before intervention. There was no significant difference between these two groups(P〉0.05). After one-year intervention, the current smoking rate in the intervention group(51.2%) was significantly lower than that in the control group(62.8%)(P〈0.001). Our study suggested that the village-based health education of tobacco control was effective in lowering the male current smoking rate in rural areas, which could be a suitable and feasible way for tobacco control in the Chinese rural areas.展开更多
Smoking is one of the major preventable causes of death and non-communicable diseases which include hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The aim of the study is to establish prevalence and predictors of ...Smoking is one of the major preventable causes of death and non-communicable diseases which include hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The aim of the study is to establish prevalence and predictors of smoking so that interventions specific to these communities can be executed to prevent smoking. A cross sectional study was conducted using a modified World Health Organizations Global Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) Surveillance Initiative NCD-STEPs 1 and 2. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of tobacco smoking. A total of 1627 individuals participated in the survey, of which 42.3% were males. About half of the participants were of age 25-34 years (56.0%), and 41.7% had attained secondary level of education. Overall, 8.7% of the participants (18.1% among males and 1.8% among females) currently smoked any tobacco product. Female respondents were 71% (AOR = 0.29, 95%CI [0.21, 0.39]) less likely to smoke cigarettes compared to male respondents. Compared to respondents who had no formal education, respondents who had attained primary level of education were 45% (AOR = 1.45, 95%CI [1.02, 2.08]) more likely to smoke, and those who attained college or university level of education were 57% (AOR = 0.43, 95%CI [0.28, 0.65]) less likely to smoke. Respondents who did not consume alcohol were 50% (AOR = 0.50, 95%CI [0.41, 0.61]) less likely to smoke compared to those who consumed alcohol. The study showed that sex, education, and alcohol consumption were independently associated with Smoking. These are the key determinants which should be considered when designing a health education and awareness campaign to the residents.展开更多
<strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this mixed methods research was to develop an educational comic booklet to prevent pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoke. <strong>Methods:</strong> We ...<strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this mixed methods research was to develop an educational comic booklet to prevent pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoke. <strong>Methods:</strong> We assessed the suitability of the comic booklet by measuring participant response to content, literacy demand, graphics, layout and typography, learning stimulation, motivation, and cultural appropriateness. The participants were 17 Indonesians living in Japan who were recruited through Respondent-Driven-Sampling and met all criteria for the survey. Means and standard deviations were used to determine the suitability of the educational comic. <strong>Results:</strong> About 80% of participants rated the comic as “superior” on a rating scale with options of “superior”, “adequate”, “not suitable”, or “not applicable”. The most successful aspects of the comic were content and cultural appropriateness, as it provided clear contents and the graphics showed realistic Indonesian smoking behavior. The least successful aspect of the comic was the literacy demand because there were long sentences using difficult words. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of this study may be used to conduct a randomized controlled trial using this comic booklet with some modifications.展开更多
In order to know the influence of passive smoking to children’s health, the smok ing state of children’s family members and health condition of 1031 children who were 4-6 years old and in 4 kindergartens which condi...In order to know the influence of passive smoking to children’s health, the smok ing state of children’s family members and health condition of 1031 children who were 4-6 years old and in 4 kindergartens which condition and source of childre n were similar were investigated with questionnaire made by ourselves. The child ren were divided into groups upon their quantity of passive smoking, the height and weight of 949 children were measured and the suphocyanate in saliva of 485 c hildren selected among 1031 children were examined. The results indicated:①the proportion of children suffered from respiratory system diseases≥4 times and co ld≥4 times in a year were increased upon the increasing of quantity of passive smoking, the quantity of passive smoking were positive related with times of suf fering from respiratory system diseases in a year; ②the quantity of passive smo king were positive related with concentration of sulphocyanate in saliva;③ the height and weight were decreased with the increasing of quantity of passive smok ing, the quantity of passive smoking was negative correlative to height and weig ht, especially for the younger. Passive smoking can influence the children’s gro wth.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine parents’ communication with their children about the topic of smoking. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Twenty-nine parents who lived in rural communities and who had children in kindergarten to Grade 6 were interviewed. The data were analyzed for themes. A large majority of parents communicated with their children about smoking through verbal interaction, using any one of three approaches: discussing smoking with their children, telling their children about smoking, or acknowledging their children’s understanding of smoking. Those parents also had shown disapproval of smoking, which took different forms and varied from explicit messages in their verbal communication to implicit messages in their behaviours. Three parents had not verbally communicated at all with their children about smoking. Overall, the parents’ communication patterns with their children varied in terms of quality and coherence with recommendations in the literature.
文摘The number of smokers in Chinese rural areas is more than 200 million, which is twice that in cities. It is very significant to carry out tobacco control interventions in rural areas. We performed this community intervention study to evaluate the efficacy of village-based health education of tobacco control on the male current smoking rate in rural areas. The population of this study was the males above 15 years old from 6 villages in rural areas. The villages were randomly assigned to intervention group or control group(3 villages in each group). Self-designed smoking questionnaire was applied. The intervention group received the village-based health education of tobacco control for one year. The primary outcome measurement was the male current smoking rate. In the baseline investigation, completed surveys were returned by 814 male residents from the control group and 831 male residents from the intervention group. The male current smoking rate in the control group and the intervention group was 61.2% and 58.5%, respectively, before intervention. There was no significant difference between these two groups(P〉0.05). After one-year intervention, the current smoking rate in the intervention group(51.2%) was significantly lower than that in the control group(62.8%)(P〈0.001). Our study suggested that the village-based health education of tobacco control was effective in lowering the male current smoking rate in rural areas, which could be a suitable and feasible way for tobacco control in the Chinese rural areas.
文摘Smoking is one of the major preventable causes of death and non-communicable diseases which include hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The aim of the study is to establish prevalence and predictors of smoking so that interventions specific to these communities can be executed to prevent smoking. A cross sectional study was conducted using a modified World Health Organizations Global Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) Surveillance Initiative NCD-STEPs 1 and 2. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of tobacco smoking. A total of 1627 individuals participated in the survey, of which 42.3% were males. About half of the participants were of age 25-34 years (56.0%), and 41.7% had attained secondary level of education. Overall, 8.7% of the participants (18.1% among males and 1.8% among females) currently smoked any tobacco product. Female respondents were 71% (AOR = 0.29, 95%CI [0.21, 0.39]) less likely to smoke cigarettes compared to male respondents. Compared to respondents who had no formal education, respondents who had attained primary level of education were 45% (AOR = 1.45, 95%CI [1.02, 2.08]) more likely to smoke, and those who attained college or university level of education were 57% (AOR = 0.43, 95%CI [0.28, 0.65]) less likely to smoke. Respondents who did not consume alcohol were 50% (AOR = 0.50, 95%CI [0.41, 0.61]) less likely to smoke compared to those who consumed alcohol. The study showed that sex, education, and alcohol consumption were independently associated with Smoking. These are the key determinants which should be considered when designing a health education and awareness campaign to the residents.
文摘<strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this mixed methods research was to develop an educational comic booklet to prevent pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoke. <strong>Methods:</strong> We assessed the suitability of the comic booklet by measuring participant response to content, literacy demand, graphics, layout and typography, learning stimulation, motivation, and cultural appropriateness. The participants were 17 Indonesians living in Japan who were recruited through Respondent-Driven-Sampling and met all criteria for the survey. Means and standard deviations were used to determine the suitability of the educational comic. <strong>Results:</strong> About 80% of participants rated the comic as “superior” on a rating scale with options of “superior”, “adequate”, “not suitable”, or “not applicable”. The most successful aspects of the comic were content and cultural appropriateness, as it provided clear contents and the graphics showed realistic Indonesian smoking behavior. The least successful aspect of the comic was the literacy demand because there were long sentences using difficult words. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of this study may be used to conduct a randomized controlled trial using this comic booklet with some modifications.
文摘In order to know the influence of passive smoking to children’s health, the smok ing state of children’s family members and health condition of 1031 children who were 4-6 years old and in 4 kindergartens which condition and source of childre n were similar were investigated with questionnaire made by ourselves. The child ren were divided into groups upon their quantity of passive smoking, the height and weight of 949 children were measured and the suphocyanate in saliva of 485 c hildren selected among 1031 children were examined. The results indicated:①the proportion of children suffered from respiratory system diseases≥4 times and co ld≥4 times in a year were increased upon the increasing of quantity of passive smoking, the quantity of passive smoking were positive related with times of suf fering from respiratory system diseases in a year; ②the quantity of passive smo king were positive related with concentration of sulphocyanate in saliva;③ the height and weight were decreased with the increasing of quantity of passive smok ing, the quantity of passive smoking was negative correlative to height and weig ht, especially for the younger. Passive smoking can influence the children’s gro wth.