Trace Elements in Health and Diseases

Remarkable progress has occurred in many branches of biology and health sciences during the last few decades. Trace element (TE) research has definitely shared in this explosion of scientific knowledge. Due to the improvements in analytical technology, the discovery of TEs in organism was realized. The developments of TE research have been promoted by the demand of public health (e.g. deficiency or toxicity). The profound knowledge of nutritional importance of TEs has been achieved with application of advanced methods in biological, medical and chemical fields, etc. In this paper, a new definition of essentiality of TEs is introduced. According to this definition, onIy ten TEs (Fe, Zn, F, Cu, I, Se, Mn, Mo, Cr, Co) are considered to be essential to humans. The others need more evidence to prove their essentiality in humans. The recent progress on the biochemical and immunological functions of TEs and on the roles of TEs in brain development are briefly described. The TEs, mainly Se, I, Zn, Fe, are more closely related to public health. Also, emphases are laid on balancing all nutrients when new knowledge of essential TEs is applied in public health

Development of China's Public Health as an Essential Element of Human Rights

September 2017 Contents Preface Ensuring People’s Right to Health Based on China’s Conditions Continuous Improvement of Health Environment and Conditions Public Health Service Capability Improving Steadily Great Improvement in the Quality of Medical and Health Services Improvement of the National Medical Security System

Finite element model validation of bridge based on structural health monitoring——Part I: Response surface-based finite element model updating

In the engineering practice, merging statistical analysis into structural evaluation and assessment is a tendency in the future. As a combination of mathematical and statistical techniques, response surface （RS） methodology has been successfully applied to design optimization, response prediction and model validation. With the aid of RS methodology, these two serial papers present a finite element （FE） model updating and validation method for bridge structures based on structural health monitoring. The key issues to implement such a model updating are discussed in this paper, such as design of experiment, parameter screening, construction of high-order polynomial response surface model, optimization methods and precision inspection of RS model. The proposed procedure is illustrated by a prestressed concrete continuous rigid-frame bridge monitored under operational conditions. The results from the updated FE model have been compared with those obtained from online health monitoring system. The real application to a full-size bridge has demonstrated that the FE model updating process is efficient and convenient. The updated FE model can relatively reflect the actual condition of Xiabaishi Bridge in the design space of parameters and can be further applied to FE model validation and damage identification.

Wave propagation of laminated composite plates via GPU-based wavelet finite element method

This paper presents a novel parallel implementation technology for wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM) in laminated composite plates. The wavelet-based B-spline wavelet on he interval (BSWI) element is constructed according to Hamilton’s principle, and the element by element algorithm is parallelly executed on graphics processing unit (GPU) using compute unified device architecture (CUDA) to get the responses in full wave field accurately. By means of the Fourier spectral analysis method,the Mindlin plate theory is selected for wave modeling of laminated composite plates while the Kirchhoff plate theory predicts unreasonably phase and group velocities. Numerical examples involving wave propagation in laminated composite plates without and with crack are performed and discussed in detail. The parallel implementation on GPU is accelerated 146 times comparing with the same wave motion problem executed on central processing unit (CPU). The validity and accuracy of the proposed parallel implementation are also demonstrated by comparing with conventional finite element method (FEM) and the computation time has been reduced from hours to minutes. The damage size and location have been successfully determined according to wave propagation results based on delay-and-sum (DAS). The results show that the proposed parallel implementation of wavelet finite element method (WFEM) is very appropriate and efficient for wave-based SHM in laminated composite plates.