Evaluating Health Planning Issues at the Community Level

This study was a brief review of issues related to health planning in the metropolitan area of Syracuse, New York. It suggested that population demographics and health care utilization can have an impact on the use of services at the community level. The study suggested that the utilization of services can be associated with patient demographics. In this study, younger populations were associated with lower use of hospital inpatient care. The data have also suggested that larger numbers of younger populations are not necessarily related to opportunities for expanding local health care providers. Younger populations can be associated with lower per capita use of services. The data demonstrated that there were substantial reductions in hospital discharges for adult medicine. Total discharges declined by 3999 patients between the seven months in 2019 and 2023. The data also demonstrated that there were notable reductions in hospital discharges for adult surgery.

Benefits of Budget Health Plan

A county in eastern Jiangsu Province leads the way in low-cost medical treatment THE extremely cold weather that has ravaged large parts of the northern hemisphere this winter also took its toll on the small village of Dazhuyin in Ganyu County,east China＇s Jiangsu Province. The dry,freezing days laid low scores

Atmospheric Pollutants in a Commercial Region of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: Integration of Health, Environment and Economy in Urban Planning to Improve Air Quality

The accelerated growth of the vehicular fleet, the modernization of large urban centers, and the few adjustments to the road network in Fortaleza have intensified the problems of traffic and emissions of atmospheric pollutants, highlighting the necessity for strategic urban planning initiatives to address the escalating issues of traffic and pollution. With the objective of analyzing the indices of concentrations of atmospheric pollutants and estimating how these levels can affect human health, this work consists of a study of the analysis of air quality in the intense trade region of Fortaleza. For this, the analysis zone was divided into three perimeters (Major - Medium - Minor), where each perimeter was analyzed at 7 am, 12 noon and 5 pm. Concentrations of the type of O3, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), CO2 and HCHO were collected. Our results demonstrate that most of the analyses are within the limits of current legislation;however, at certain times and perimeters, the analyses of CO2 and HCHO exceeded the established limits. In view of the above, we conclude that public policies to control air quality are necessary to reduce the damage to human health and the environment caused by pollutants.

A Financial Health Plan

After years of financial restructuring, China still has a long way to go China is certainly on solid financial footing, but the country’s top

Hospital Utilization and Health Care Planning

This study evaluated changes in inpatient adult medicine and adult surgery services in the metropolitan area of Syracuse New York. These are the two largest inpatient hospital services. The study involved the use of these services as a basis for health care planning over time. The first component of the study focused on changes in hospital discharges for adult medicine and adult surgery. It demonstrated that, between the first three quarters of 2019 and 2022, before and after the coronavirus epidemic, numbers of adult medicine and adult surgery discharges declined by 16 - 21 percent. The second component of the study focused on changes in hospital lengths of stay for adult medicine and adult surgery. It demonstrated that, between the first three quarters of 2019 and 2022, hospital inpatient lengths of stay increased by approximately 19 - 21 percent at the aggregate and hospital specific levels. Effective planning involving utilization indicators such as hospital discharges and efficiency will be necessary if the potential for effective management of this sector is to be preserved. This planning should involve comparisons of data such as hospital discharges and stays, and identification of the sources of these developments at the community level.

Integration of Location-Allocation and Accessibility Models in GIS to Improve Urban Planning for Health Services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia

In this study, accessibility and location-allocation models have been integrated into GIS to improve spatial planning and environmental sustainability of health services in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. This integration provides a planning framework in order to check the efficiency of the spatial allocation of health services and to generate alternatives either by proposing an active service or to improve an existing one. To achieve these objectives, the accessibility to the service area was analyzed within the analysis of health services networks, which are divided into eight types: public hospitals, specialized hospitals, health units, healthcare centers, infirmaries, clinic complexes, the Red Crescent Center, and ambulance facilities, with time intervals of (5 minutes - 10 minutes - 15 minutes) to access coverage ranges, and the location-allocation model was used based on the maximum coverage model within a response time not exceeding 15 minutes, The results of the study revealed the poor distribution of health services Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah suffers from weak accessibility to health services coverage areas and is unable to meet the needs of its population at present. The current need for health services reached twenty-four locations, including two public hospitals, three specialized hospitals, two health centers, three ambulance facilities, four infirmaries, three clinic complexes, four health units, and three Red Crescent centers.

Reproductive Health and Family Planning

I am honoured to have the opportunity to speak about an issue, which lies at the heart of the Cairo agenda, and that is reproductive health.

Theoretical Foundation of Family Health Promotion——the Orientation of Family Planning Development in Urban Area

Objective To make a theoretical exploration of the function of family-based health promotion in family planning development. Methods Given the notion of reproductive health and the Junction of family in society, the author bring Jorward a new mode of family planning service, that was ＂healthy, happy household promotion ＂ based on the principle of health education and health promotion. Results The mode of ＂healthy,, happy household promotion ＂ reflected the new KP. service mode, and was the direction of family planning service. It might benefit both service provider and clients to make the family as the entrance point of quality care of reproductive health in communities, to develop health education and health promotion, and promote fiunily health and fanily happiness. Conclusion Family health and family happiness should be the final goal of family planning.

Healthcare Providers' Perceptions of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs (Including Family Planning) of Elderly Women from Selected Sites in Botswana

Much of the sexual and reproductive health services and service delivery including family planning target women of child bearing ages (15 - 49 years) and sometimes men. Hardly are there programmes/interventions that specifically target the needs of the elderly women (50 years and above), yet this group has serious sexual and reproductive health needs as many of them are still sexually active. This cross-sectional study obtained the views of a stratified random sample of 169 healthcare providers (doctors, nurses and pharmacists) from four selected sites, Gaborone, Selibe Phikwe, Barolong and Kweneng East health districts in Botswana on how the healthcare system in the selected sites is meeting the SRH/FP needs of the elderly women. The study found out that while overwhelming majority of the healthcare providers feltthat the healthcare system has no programme that specifically target the SRH/FP needs of this significant others and their SRH/FP needs are not being met ,less than 15% indicated that Pap smear screening as well as screening of cervical cancer were on-going. Although there are SRH/FP services available in the healthcare system, the elderly women are minimally accessing these services. Only condom, combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only pills, treatment of STIs, screening for HIV/AIDS and screening for cervical cancer are accessed and information is also limited to these services. Reasons given by the healthcare providers for the non-accessibility of these services were cultural diversity (80%), people's sexual behavior and perceptions about sex (79%), lack of knowledge about the desired SRH/FP services (76%), religion (73%) and gender issues (62%). The study, advocates as part of policy options to mitigate the obstacles to accessing SRH/FP services, the expansion of counseling programmes, screening and treatment for breast cancer, public awareness campaigns, production and circulation of appropriate educational materials, effective training of healthcare providers and the establishment of separate clinic days for the elderly women' SRH/FP services.

Systematic Review of Community Type 2 Diabetes Structured Health Education (CT2DSHE)

Aim: This paper aims to evaluate disparities of type 2 diabetes structured health education programmes that is utilised within the communities. Design: systematic review, (a type of secondary research design) aiming to summarize the results of prior primary research studies on available evidence Community type 2 diabetes structured education (CT2DSHE). Methods: Research question: Type 2 diabetic structured health education within a community how effective is it? Qualitative Systematic review, defined as a way to get reliable and objective picture of current available evidence on the specific topic—(CT2DSHE), (Denscombe, 2021) through reflexivity synthesis of available data as an example. This is valuable in time constraints such as project assignments that must be met within specific time and also to bring together available evidence together [1]. Results: This review has shown that CT2DSHE is effective with seven out of the eleven authors supporting, three authors against and one was neutral, further showed that knowledge and skills acquired can last longer with patient activation improved among T2DM patients ideal for sustaining their self-management of T2DM. Conclusion: This research provides suggestive answers to the research question: “Type 2 diabetic structured health education within a community how effective is it?”, This has demonstrated CT2DSHE effectiveness in knowledge acquisition and improving T2DM awareness among T2DM patients, whilst evidencing long effects beyond the study times of 3 - 9 months period in relation to patient activation. Also Identified diabetes education self-management on newly diagnosed (DESMOND) patient as CT2DSHE program for recommendation. Patient or Public Contribution: This work aspires to contribute to CT2DSHE in these areas;Influencing policy decision-making for community diabetes care within the UK and world at large., Contributing to already vast knowledge on diabetes self-management and reasons why?, Influencing educators on how CT2DSHEP are designed, delivered by putting the patient at the Centre and bringing different perspectives on CT2DSHEP in one place that is serving users time of having to consult several resources especially busy clinicians [2] [3].

What Does Research Say for Improving the Efficiency of Lady Healthcare Workers in Pakistan? Review Article

Background: In Pakistan, the crucial role of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) cannot be over looked and must be supported. Their alliance position between the community and health system allows them to provide services to the most marginalised groups. However, LHWs face numerous challenges and issues resulting in reduced efficiency and effectiveness of LHW program. Aims: The study aims to identify the challenges highlighted in various studies that undermine the performance of LHWs and attempts to combine the recommendations of the studies for addressing these challenges. Methods: Literature search included articles from 2000 to 2024. PubMed and Google Scholar were the main search engines utilized. Initial search resulted in 1380 articles, out of which only those showing a link to the study title were included in the study. From the total articles searched, 55 were selected for writing this article. Results: Literature highlighted the importance of community selection, monitoring, monetary as well as non-financial incentives;trainings;availability of supervision, workload balance, monitoring;recognition, clarity on roles, resources and uninterrupted supply of logistics, support and embedment of LHWs in community and health system. Lack or poor quality of these aspects may lead to low performance of LHWs. Conclusions: This paper explores the extent of issues and challenges faced by LHWs in Pakistan. A number of interventions appear to be effective in improving the efficiency of LHWs in Pakistan. The review may serve as an essential resource for program planners and decision-makers in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of LHW programs.

对“One Health”行动计划的建议与译文的商榷

在科学技术高度发达的今天,许多经典传染病并未消失,反而新发传染病时有暴发,许多“文明相关疾病”患病率逐渐升高。人们逐步认识到,人类健康与动物和微生物,以及地球上多姿多彩的环境生态密切相关。为此国外有学者提出“One Health”的理念,试图从人类-动物-环境的交互作用出发,为战胜包括人兽共患病在内的诸多传染病找到一条有效的途径。本文就“One Health”的提出和内涵、“One Health”行动计划与我国“大健康”理念的衔接以及“One Health”的中文翻译等问题进行了讨论和分析,以期为“One Health”理念的实践提供参考。

Effects of Selective Contracting with Positive Incentives on the Choices of Dutch Consumers for Health Care Options: Results of an Experiment

Since the introduction of the Health Insurance Act in the Netherlands in 2006, insurers are incen-tivized to compete on price for basic health insurance, and on price and quality for supplementary insurance. It is possible for health insurers to implement a differentiated deductible since the first of January 2009. This paper describes an experiment. It is designed to study this differentiated deductible as a financial policy instrument. It focuses on the effect of selective contracting with positive incentives on the choice-behaviour of the insured. The goal of this study is to gain insight in the working mechanism of this financial policy instrument that is meant to reduce healthcare costs. The study is designed as a vignette study. The vignettes are presented in pairs of two to the respondents. The vignettes contain various elements including premium costs, deductible, degree of selective contracting and availability of quality-information (CQI). As the respondents in the design of this choice experiment have to choose between confronting health plans, it is understandable that they value these policies on their characteristics (so-called attributes). Subsequently, a statement can be formulated on the relative value assigned to these attributes by the respondents, clearly preferring one health plan over the other. Finally 99 respondents were included in our study. Logistic regression analysis was performed. This study shows that the deducti-ble as choice-influencing instrument has less influence as age increases. The proclaimed cost savings of this deductible might be lower than expected. Generally, it can be concluded that healthier people are less likely to choose the extensive health plan. However, this effect reverses when the most extensive and less extensive are presented to the participants. The results thus show a clear demarcation in the preferences of consumers. A similar demarcation also has been found in the data concerning travel distance. When contracted care is within 30 minutes, this health plan is preferred over the more extensive and expensive one. However, this study also shows that this effect reverses when the travel distance increases to 45 minutes. Consumers in this situation are reluctant to choose selective care and choose for the extensive and expensive option. Premium costs have a negative effect. A health plan becomes less attractive when the price increases. In addition, an increase in the availability of CQI makes a health plan more attractive. It can be concluded from this study that the deductible as choice-influencing instrument seems to work for young and healthy people, provided that they do not have to travel more that 30 minutes.

中国不同年龄段人群生育意愿的影响因素及对策研究

背景家庭生育意愿关系到人口的长期均衡发展,当前我国面临较大的低生育风险,低生育现象已成为常态。目的在全面开放三孩的政策背景下,通过分析人群的生育意愿以及其在不同年龄段的影响因素差异,明晰不同年龄人群对于生育的顾虑,为相关生育政策的制定提供依据。方法本研究采用的数据来源于2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)。本研究选取年龄为20~44周岁的人群,剔除缺失变量后,共纳入样本2525名,其中包括1444名女性。针对全人群的研究按照年龄从小到大的顺序每5岁为1组,共计5组;针对女性的研究,按照年龄≤34岁和≥35岁为标准分为两组。以个人特征、家庭特征、观点态度3个维度的多个变量为可能影响因素,使用有序Logistic回归模型分析全人群以及仅针对女性的生育意愿影响因素。结果意愿生育二孩人数占总调查人数的59.05%(1491/2525),≤34岁人群相较于≥35岁人群生育0孩的意愿更高(P<0.05)。有序Logistic回归分析结果显示,个体特征变量中,35~39岁人群和≥35岁女性群体中健康状况更好的人生育意愿高的可能性更大(P<0.05);家庭特征变量中,≥25岁人群和≥35岁女性群体中有更多家庭人口数的人生育意愿高的可能性更大(P<0.05);≤34岁女性群体中有稳定的伴侣生育意愿高的可能性更大(P<0.05);观念态度变量中,20~24岁人群所有变量有显著性,在其他年龄组的结果表现出多样性。结论意愿生育二孩为当下主流生育意愿,以≤34岁为代表的年轻群体低生育意愿相对较高。更好的身体健康状况和更多的家庭人口数在35岁以上年龄段结果更突出,观念态度对生育意愿影响较强并且年龄差异明显。建议关注不同年龄段人群的生育观,加强家庭、社会和政策支持,重视女性自身的身体健康,提供生育医疗保障。

Exploring the Implementation of Individual Care Plans in Relation to Characteristics of Staff

The aim was to explore the implementation of individual care plans in municipal elderly care in relation to characteristics of staff. Data regarding characteristics of staff were derived through a questionnaire distributed to all staff working in the care for older people, (N = 908, n = 245) in four municipalities in Sweden. The number of care plans established during a one-year period was collected through a contact person in each municipality. In total 47 individual care plans were established during the study year. Significantly more staff in the municipality that had the most number of established individual care plans agreed that there had been sufficient education (p = 0.017), sufficient time (p = 0.002) and routines established regarding individual care plans (p = 0.014) and had a significantly better job satisfaction (p = 0.001), compared to staff in the other municipalities. Implementation leaders may need to take the working conditions and the perception of available resources among staff into consideration in the on-going process of implementing individual care plans.

Mental disorders and sociodemographic variables in pop-ulation assisted by the Family Health Program in Brazil

Objectives: This paper aims to estimate the associations between common mental disorders (CMD) as well as cases of alcohol abuse/dependence (ADD) with sociodemographic variables in population assisted by Family Health Program (FHP) in Santa Cruz do Sul, Southern Brazil. Methods: All residents over 14 years of age from 3 areas assisted by the FHP were invited to participate between 10 February 2006 to 10 February 2007. Results: Of 2921 participants, the prevalence estimates of suspected cases of CMD and ADD were 29.93% and 12.07%, respectively. Female, unfavorable employment situation, low schooling and low income showed a positive and independent association with CMD. Male, unfavorable employment situation and CMD showed an independent association with ADD. Conclusions: Groups with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions present the highest risk and should be taken into account when planning public mental health policies.

健康视角下的医疗机构建筑规划设计研究——以某医院项目为例

以某骨科医院为例,项目设计人员在建筑规划设计阶段从患者和医护人员的健康出发,对建筑外形、建筑内部空间和建筑交通组织等方面进行优化设计,使其既为各类医护人员提供更加舒适和便利的工作环境,又能舒缓患者的紧张情绪和病情压力。

云南省2020-2023年卫生资源发展状况分析

[目的]对云南省2020-2023年的卫生资源状况进行分析,为合理配置卫生资源、促进全省卫生健康事业发展提供参考。[方法]通过对2020-2023年云南省医疗卫生机构数、床位及人员等数据进行汇总分析,与全国、西部平均水平、“十四五”规划要求进行对比。[结果]2020-2023年,云南省医疗卫生机构数从2020年的26,626个增加到2023年的28,768个,卫生人员从2020年的45.89万人增加到2023年的51.27万人,其中卫生技术人员从36.65万人增加到42.52万人;床位数从2020年的32.52万张增加到2023年的35.99万张。到2023年,每千人口医疗卫生机构床位数、执业(助理)医师数、注册护士数及每万人口全科医生数、公共卫生机构人员数分别为7.7张、3.14人、4.36人以及3.39人、8.6人。[结论]2020-2023年云南省各类卫生资源明显增加,卫生人力资源、床位资源增长较快,已逐步接近或超过“十四五”规划目标。但机构间发展不均衡,不同机构的病床使用情况存在差异,建议优化床位资源配置,继续加强执业(助理)医师、药师、公共卫生人员队伍建设,逐步促进机构间均衡发展。