The Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Perceptions of the Health Support Pharmacy System

A questionnaire survey was conducted employing pharmacists at 350 Japanese Federation of Democratic Medical Institutions (Min-Iren) member pharmacies, evaluating the challenges related to registering as a Health Support Pharmacy (HSP). Completed responses were received from 193 pharmacies (55.1%). Fifty-five (28.5%) of these pharmacies were approved as meeting the HSP criteria. Some difficulties encountered in registering as an HSP included the preparation of the numerous required documents and placing a health support pharmacist. The obstacles that prevented pharmacists from registering were physical, including “placement of two or more health support pharmacists” and “placement of the required over-the-counter drugs (OTCs).” Based on these, 51.8% of supervising pharmacists stated the opinion that the government should “loosen current criteria.” However, a survey conducted among the 724 participant pharmacists, working in a pharmacy, showed no significant difference in their answering tendencies depending on whether or not they worked at an HSP. This could be attributed to the effort that Min- Iren pharmacies have been putting into health support and primary care functions. Overall, 64.5% of pharmacists working at HSPs were proud that the pharmacy they worked had HSP status. The present survey revealed the physical obstacles of HSP registration. Conformity to the criteria of HSP is essential for performing their fundamental functions as pharmacies. The relaxation of the criteria is anticipated.

Routine Supportive Supervision and Management of Medicines and Other Health Products and Technologies in Vihiga County, Kenya

Health Products and Technologies (HPTs) are pivotal for an efficient health system. Availability and accessibility to affordable health products are critical indicators towards achieving universal health coverage. Routine supportive supervision, performance monitoring, recognition of efforts and client feedback are vital activities toward health supply chain system strengthening. This is a descriptive paper that describes a model of integrated commodity supportive supervision, and mentorship and its impact on various outcomes of health commodity management. Data were abstracted from the standardized scored checklists used during integrated commodity supportive supervision and supply chain audit in public health facilities in Vihiga County. Scores for the period 2020 to 2022 were analyzed on the eight key areas of interest. The analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 26). Results are interpreted at 95% Confidence interval. This paper also shares findings from both quantitative and qualitative data from client exit and facility managers’ interviews. Six complete rounds of supervisions, three clients and service providers’ interviews, and three annual award events have been conducted. We observed trends across six data collections points and compared the results at first point or baseline (January-June 2020) to the results at the last point or end line (April-June 2022). Findings show significant improvements on the eight parameters in terms of mean scores as follows: resolution of issues from previous visits by 35.06% (46.75% - 81.81%);storage of HPTs by 17.41% (68.72% - 86.13%);inventory management by 28.16% (42.67% - 70.83%);availability and use of commodity data management information systems (MIS) tools by 22.39% (74.40% - 96.79%);verification of commodity data by 25.61% (65.56% - 91.17%);availability of guidelines and job aids for commodity management by 46.28% (36.65% - 82.93%). There was an improvement on the mean score on accountability by 20.22% (58.58% - 83.51%). The composite (final) score improved by 28.33% (56.19% - 84.52%). There was progressive narrowing of the standard deviations on all the indicators across the study period. This demonstrates that there is standardization of practices and positive competition among all the public health facilities. There were significant improvements on all the eight indicators. Routine integrated commodity supportive supervision has proven to be an effective high impact intervention in improving management of health products and technologies in Vihiga County, Kenya.

Optimizing Vaccine Access: A Web-Based Scheduling System with Geo-Tagging Integration and Decision Support for Local Health Centers

The system created aims to produce an online vaccination appointment scheduling system with geo-tagging integration and a decision-support mechanism for neighborhood health clinics. With a decision support mechanism that suggests the essential vaccines based on their account details, it is made to meet the unique vaccination needs of each patient. The system includes immunizations that are accessible locally, and patients and midwives can manage their own corresponding information through personal accounts. Viewers of websites can visualize the distribution of vaccines by purok thanks to geotagging. The Agile Scrum Methodology was modified by the researchers for early delivery, change flexibility, and continual system improvement in order to accomplish the study’s main goal. In order to assess the system’s acceptability in terms of functional adequacy, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, maintainability, and portability, it was designed in accordance with the ISO 25010 Product Software Quality Standards. Following the assessment, the system was given an average total weighted mean score of 4.62, which represents a verbal interpretation of “strongly agree”. This score demonstrates that the evaluators were in agreement that the system met the requirements of ISO 25010 for Product Software Quality Standards.

The Support Systems and Coping Strategies of Infertile Women Attending the Out-Patient Consultation Unit of CHRACERH Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Infertility is a complex disorder with significant psycho-social and economic consequences. It globally affects 10% - 15% of couples. In Cameroon, little is known about what women do to overcome the psychosocial aspects of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the support systems and coping strategies of infertile women attending the outpatient consultation unit of the Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from the 14th of March to the 6th of April 2023 at CHRACERH Yaoundé. A total of 190 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, support systems and coping strategies were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and analytic statistics were conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: The mean age of participants was 39.52 ± 7.64 years. The majority 78.9% of participants were workers (public, private sector, or traders) and were Christians 95.8%. The most common source of psychological support was from family 76.8 and husbands 72.63%. Most of the participants 89.5% resorted to prayer and getting busy 48.4% as a coping strategy. There was no statistically significant relationship between coping strategies and psychological disorders p > 0.05. Conclusion: The main support system of participants was family, husband, and friends. Prayer, getting busy and adoption were the most common coping strategies. There is a need for the Ministry of Public Health and other stakeholders to put in place other support systems and coping strategies (FELICIA) used elsewhere and provide adequate health education and infection control to prevent infertility in Cameroon.

Multiple mediation effects of health locusof control and hope on the relationshipbetween stroke patients’ social supportand self-management

Objective:This study aimed to identify the mediation effects of health locus of control(HLC)and hope between stroke patients’social support and self-management.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 300 Chinese stroke patients were recruited by convenient sampling from the acupuncture department of two Chinese Traditional Medical Hospitals in Tianjin Province from June to September 2018.The self-report questionnaires include Social Support Assessment Scale,Herth Hope Index,Mental Health Locus of Control Scale,Stroke Self-management Behavior Scale,and personal information questionnaires.All the survey data were entered in Excel and analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program.Mediation was tested with Bootstrapping in AMOS 23.0 program.Results:The result showed that internal health locus of control(IHLC),chance health locus of control(CHLC)and hope were the mediators between social support and self-management.The direct,indirect,and total effects of social support on self-management behavior were 0.306 (P<0.01),0.109(P<0.01),and 0.415(P<0.01),respectively.Conclusions:Social support can directly influence self-management,and it can also indirectly influence self-management through IHLC,CHLC,and hope.

Factors influencing self-efficacy in breastfeeding support among public health nurses in Japan

This study investigated self-efficacy in breastfeeding support among public health nurses (PHNs) working at maternal and child health (MCH) services in Japanese municipalities, and its related factors such as education, working experience, breastfeeding experience, and postgraduate/continuous education. Directors of the MCH divisions were requested to select one PHN to answer the self-report questionnaires sent. The questionnaires were collected from October 2010 to January 2011. Of the 1750 questionnaires sent, 831 were returned (response rate: 47.5%);102 were excluded from analysis because of missing data (valid response rate: 41.7%). After adjusting the weights of PHN sampling and collection rates by prefecture and population size, Model 1 of the multiple regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy in breastfeeding support was significantly higher in large/urban municipalities (β = 0.13) and in the Kanto district. Model 2 revealed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with working experience (β = 0.13) and breastfeeding experience (β = 0.22) but not with educational background. Model 3 showed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with postgraduate education (β = 0.14) and continuous education (β = 0.12). This suggested that PHNs’ self-efficacy increased through self-enrichment. It is necessary to create training opportunities about breastfeeding support for PHNs—especially those working in remote and/or small municipalities— and to provide them with new and important information.

Supportive care needs and health-related quality of life among Chinese lung cancer survivors

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the supportive care needs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of lung cancer survivors, and to identify the association between patient characteristics, HRQoL and supportive care needs. Method: This was a sub-study of a larger scale survey of cancer survivors’ supportive care needs. A total of 48 lung cancer survivors were recruited from a regional teaching hospital, and a three-part structured questionnaire was used to collect 1) socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, 2) supportive care needs and 3) health-related quality of life data. Results: The three most commonly reported unmet needs were all in the health-system information domain: 1) being informed about your results as soon as possible (58%), 2) being informed about cancer which is under control or diminishing (50%), and 3) being informed about things you can do to help yourself get well (46%). The second most common unmet need domain was access to healthcare and ancillary support services. The survivors generally reported satisfactory HRQoL. However, household income and unmet physical and psychological needs were independently associated with HRQoL among these survivors. Conclusion: The high unmet needs in the health-system information area call for a review of the content and amount of information provided to lung cancer survivors. In addition, more attention should be given to lung cancer survivors with low incomes but high physical and psychological unmet needs, who require appropriate follow-up and long-term care of a physical, social and psychological kind.

Designing a Scale to Assess Breastfeeding Support among Public Health Nurses in Japan

Background: Promoting breastfeeding support by public health nurses (PHN) requires first that the support which they currently provide to be assessed. However, there is no assessment tool for this purpose. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a scale to assess breastfeeding support currently provided by PHN. Methods: We developed the Practice of Breastfeeding Support Scale (PBSS) for PHN based on the results of a previous study. The content validity of the PBSS was established through discussion with three other researchers. A pilot study was conducted to confirm face validity. To confirm reliability and validity, an anonymous, self-reported questionnaire was sent to PHN working in municipal offices. The statistical analyses included the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Barlett’s Test of Sphericity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach’s alpha and correlation coefficient. Results: 768 PHN participated in this study. Cronbach’s alpha of PBSS was 0.85. The KMO measure was 0.892, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was p Conclusion: The reliability and validity of PBSS were confirmed. These findings suggested that the PBSS has the potential to help promote breastfeeding support by PHN by clarifying their current breastfeeding support practices and related factors.

Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding Support by Public Health Nurses in Japan

This study aimed to explore breastfeeding support by public health nurses (PHNs) working in Japanese municipalities in order to promote a breastfeeding-friendly environment. We interviewed 20 participants including five PHNs, four midwives, four doctors (one obstetrician and three pediatricians), and seven mothers who experienced breastfeeding between June and August 2010 and analyzed the data using content analysis. Collected data were classified into four categories including “collecting information”, “assessment”, “direct and individual support”, and “support for group and community” with 15 subcategories: infant’s condition, mother’s condition, mother-infant relationship, child rearing environment, mother’s state-of-mind, identifying necessary support, psychological support, concrete support, breastfeeding on demand, necessary information, advice to supporters, introducing services, breastfeeding-friendly environment, breastfeeding support groups and cooperation with relevant organization. This study suggested that the PHNs’ responsibilities for breastfeeding support should be extended beyond the currently understood scope of their duties. The study demonstrated that PNH needed to create a breastfeeding-friendly environment that included networking with breast care support organizations and peer groups and to promote breastfeeding in public areas including the workplace.

How the Health Care Nurse Supports and Enhances the Child’s Attachment to Their Parents

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide insight into how the Child Healthcare Clinic (BVC) nurse supports and encourages the child’s bonding to their parents during the regularly scheduled checkups at the healthcare clinics. Method: The study was done using a qualitative approach. The data was collected from the interviews of four focus groups which were comprised of a total of eighteen BVC nurses who work solely for the BVC. The resulting data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The following theme emerged from the research material: Empower the parents in order to enable the child to have a healthy connection to the parents. This is accomplished by the BVC nurse building and creating a trusting relationship with the parents and providing support for them in their new roles as parents. The BVC nurses must have comprehensive knowledge about the needs and development of children and they need to have exceptional communication skills as well. It is also mandatory that the BVC nurse have access to cooperation and support from their colleagues and the support of other related professions. Conclusion: Providing support to parents during the bonding period of their infant children is a most important function for BVC nurses because there is much to be determined about children’s development and future possibilities during this formative period.

Implementing and Popularizing Health Clinics and Educational Programs in NJ School Areas for Supporting NJ Pregnant Teenagers

This proposal focuses on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy issue in NJ and illustrates the benefits of school-based health clinics and educational programs which should be implemented for teenage pregnancy and childbearing.Without the early intervention of educational programs and preventive medical services which should be implemented in school areas,teen pregnancy and childbearing can have physical and emotional health influences on teen mothers,their babies and other family members,and the worst consequence should be abortion.What’s more,teenage pregnancy and childbearing have substantial economic consequence for state.The annual estimated cost associated with teen childbearing (teens 19 and younger) in NJ to taxpayers is at least $167 million in 2004 (24% federal costs and 76% state and local costs).Studies demonstrated that a much larger amount of money is spent on the consequences of teenage pregnancy than on prevention.NJ has an opportunity to invest in prevention and reduce not only the monetary but also the societal costs to our youth burdened by the often overwhelming responsibilities of teenage pregnancy and parenting.According to the 15 years follow-up research and data analyzing,two models of success which specifically implemented in South Carolina high schools and Chicago public schools have been proved to effectively reduce incidence of repeat pregnancy and emergency room visits,reduce incidence of teen mothers smoking during pregnancy,improve emotional outcomes among teen mothers,decrease incidence of teen mothers drug impairment,arrest,conviction,or jail time and reduce use of food stamps and other public assistances,which can consequently increase the state public health costs.In order to support teen mothers’ academic,physical,emotional and social needs in a stable and consistent school environment,the plan which titled "Physical and Mental Health Promotion for NJ Teen Mothers" is effective and practical enough to arouse the attention of some relevant departments.It’s worth patron to fund the plan because supporting teenage pregnancy at early stage can subsequently benefit the national and state economy and teen mothers.

The Paternal Mental Health, Difficulties for Fathers with Children in Early Infancy, and Their Educational Support Needs

Purpose: The purpose is to identify what difficulties fathers have with the roles of fatherhood during pregnancy and early infancy, and to make apparent what their educational support needs are. Methods: This study follows a qualitative descriptive design. The subjects were new first-time fathers of Japanese nationality. Subjects participated in semi-structured interviews administered according to interview guidelines. Results: There were 15 subjects in total. The average age of the subjects’ children was 5.5 months. Fathers’ difficulties with their new roles were abstracted in to five main categories: < Difficulties during early engagement with child >, < Difficulties related to child crying >, < Difficulties arising after getting through the early engagement stage >, < Difficulties related to support of partner >, and < Mental burdens associated with childrearing >. Additionally, the types of support fathers requested to help maintain their mental health after the birth of their infants were abstracted into three main categories: < Support with childcare knowledge/acquiring skills >, < Support in building a positive marital relationship >, and < Support in maintaining own mental health >. Conclusions: 1) The stress experienced by fathers from the birth of their child through early infancy, originating in two elements of fatherhood (engagement with the child and spousal support), placed a great mental burden upon them in a multi-layered structure;2) The support that needs fathers expressed to maintain their mental health pre- and postpartum is based on the difficulties they experienced with paternal roles;3) There is a disparity between the needs of fathers expressed through the results of this study and current paternal support practices in Japan. The supplementation and revision of existing paternal support practices is an issue that merits further consideration. Furthermore, the existing group interview method suffers from low attendance, and attending has become increasingly difficult due to the COVID-19 pandemic spreading throughout Japan. It is necessary to consider alternative methods of educational support moving forward.

双向综合心理干预对唇腭裂患儿及其父母的影响

目的探讨双向综合心理干预配合健康教育对唇腭裂患儿的干预效果。方法选取2022年1月—2023年1月医院收治的60例唇腭裂患儿及其父母为研究对象,按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则分为观察组与对照组,每组30例。对照组行常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上采用双向综合心理干预配合健康教育的模式。对比两组患儿希望水平及心理状态,评价父母的社会支持状况及其精神症状评分,以及患儿、父母的生活质量。结果干预前,两组患儿希望水平量表评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组患儿希望水平量表评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组患儿的汉密尔顿焦虑、抑郁评分及父母精神症状评分对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组患儿汉密尔顿焦虑、抑郁量表评分及父母精神症状评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组父母社会支持评分对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组患儿父母社会支持评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,患儿、父母的生活质量评分对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组患儿、父母的生活质量评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论双向综合心理护理配合健康教育可改善患儿、父母的生活质量,提升患儿的希望水平,改善心理健康;提升父母的社会支持状况,缓解精神症状,对患儿的持续治疗起到保障作用。

Support Provided by Public Health Nurses for Fathers Who Have Abused Their Children—As Observed in Cases of Child Neglect and Physical or Psychological Abuse

This study aims to identify the support to provide to fathers who have abused children as reported by public health nurses (PHNs). In this study, a qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis. Interviewees were 10 public health nurses (PHNs) in charge of child abuse services for at least 5 years at public health centers. The study analyzed 13 cases reported in the interviews. Measures to support fathers who abuse their children as suggested by PHNs were classified into direct support to the father, support to other family members, and support to be provided by others involved including related organizations. The direct support to the father includes “gaining an in-depth understanding of the abusive situation and psychological states of those involved”, “refraining from involvement in areas where it is difficult to understand the personality of the father”, and others. Support of other family members includes “understanding the marital relationship and assessing the qualities of the relationship”, “refraining from matters that will involve divorce”, and others. Support to be provided by others including related organizations includes “understanding the value of social exchange and assessment of the ability to create and maintain interpersonal relationships”, “establishing support arrangements to enable intervention when necessary”, and others. The interviews report that PHNs arrange support measures that enable intervention as it becomes required, and that this enables learning about child-abuse preventing activities.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Support of Health Professionals towards Biobanks in Eastern Morocco

Background: Health professionals play a key role in increasing the rate of biobanking participation. Here, we assessed the knowledge and attitude of health professionals in Eastern Morocco towards biobanks and their willingness to recruit patients into biobanks. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out among health professionals working in various public and private health centers in Eastern Morocco. The data were obtained using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Results: 600 health professionals were included in the study. Only 37.5% of them had knowledge of biobanks. Associations analysis showed that among health professionals, physicians had more knowledge of biobanks (OR = 2.50, p = 0.000), and health professionals working at the University Hospital had more knowledge of biobanks compared to those working in the other participating health centers (p Conclusions: This study indicates that health professionals in Eastern Morocco showed a notable lack of knowledge about biobanks. However, the majority were willing to donate their own biospecimens and supported the recruitment of patients into biobanks. This study was a good opportunity to raise awareness among health professionals about the interest of biobanks in the development of biomedical research in Eastern Morocco.

Negotiated Complexity: Framing Multi-Criteria Decision Support in Environmental Health Practice

The complexity we take into account when dealing with complex issues and the way we deal with that complexity is not given or self-evident, it is framed and negotiated. Based on two environmental health decision support case studies we address a set of key methodological choices, crucial in shaping the multi-criteria decision support and illuminate how they followed from transdisciplinary collaboration and negotiation: diversity tolerance, dealing with uncertainty and difference of opinion, weight of information and the epistemological divide between traditional closed and alternative open paradigms. The case studies exemplify the growing conviction amongst methodologists that, especially regarding complex issues, best methods do not exist as such: methods are chosen and tailored in practice and the quality to a large extent is dependent on the process in which methodological development is embedded. We hope to contribute to making explicit the importance of methodological decision making regarding environmental health complexity.

领悟社会支持对突发公共卫生事件中一线人员正念干预效用中的中介效应

目的研究正念干预在突发公共卫生事件中一线人员中的效果,并考察领悟社会支持在正念干预效用中的中介效应。方法选择2021年3月至2022年4月在医院一线工作的200名医务人员为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组100名。对照组给予常规心理干预,观察组给予正念干预。干预后比较两组医护人员的正念水平、领悟社会支持能力、睡眠质量和心理情况。分析以上四者之间的相关性,采用中介效应模型分析领悟社会支持在正念干预效用中的中介效应。结果干预后,观察组医护人员的正念水平和领悟社会支持量表评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组分别为(89.59±8.45)分和(88.48±8.53)分,对照组分别为(71.35±7.47)分和(76.34±7.58)分。观察组医护人员的睡眠质量和焦虑-抑郁-压力量表评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),分别为(7.35±1.24)分和(16.46±2.29)分,对照组分别为(13.56±2.31)分和(29.48±3.05)分。医护人员的正念水平与领悟社会能力呈正相关,两者分别与焦虑-抑郁-压力和睡眠质量呈负相关。领悟社会支持在正念水平和正念干预效果中发挥中介效应,正念与睡眠质量的总效应值为-0.347,与焦虑之间为-0.439,与抑郁之间为-0.508,与压力之间为-0.395。结论正念干预能可直接或通过领悟社会支持能力间接作用,显著提高突发公共卫生事件中一线人员改善其睡眠质量及负面情绪,具有重要临床应用价值。

互联网使用对老年人健康的影响研究--基于性别差异和代际支持的视角

当前中国正处在人口老龄化加速发展阶段,人口老龄化程度不断加深,老年人口规模不断扩大,老龄化带来的机遇与挑战并存。同时,随着数字化和人工智能迈入高速发展时期,新的互联网应用技术不断创新和普及,深刻地影响着各行各业,改变着人们的生产生活方式。老年人作为数字化进程中的弱势群体也愈发受到影响和关注,数字化为积极应对老龄化提供有力的支撑作用,发挥互联网使用对提升老年人健康水平的积极影响是应对老龄化的题中应有之义。本文关注互联网使用对老年人健康的影响,同时重点关注互联网使用对不同性别老年人健康的差异化影响,探究代际支持能否促进老年人互联网使用。本文基于2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),构建有序Logit回归模型,在控制老年人的个体特征、家庭特征和社会特征等变量的基础上,实证分析是否使用互联网、互联网使用频率、互联网使用内容对老年人健康的影响及其性别差异,在此基础上进一步分析代际支持如何促进老年人的互联网使用。研究发现:互联网使用正向促进了男性老年人和女性老年人的身心健康,互联网使用频率放大了这一促进效应。互联网使用内容对老年人健康的影响具有显著的性别差异:网络社交功能对男性老年人的心理健康具有正向影响;网络购物功能对女性老年人身体健康和心理健康均具有正向影响;网络视频功能对男性老年人的身心健康可能带来负向影响。进一步分析发现代际支持有助于弥合老年人数字鸿沟,促进老年人的互联网接入,提升老年人的互联网使用技能。代际联系支持有效地提高了老年人自理能力,代际见面支持有效地提高了老年人心理健康。对此本文建议政府在政策制定与实施层面要充分考虑老年群体的互联网参与状况,消除老年人互联网接入障碍;互联网企业层面要精准把握不同性别老年人的差异化使用需求,有针对性地打造适老化应用产品;同时,充分发挥亲子间沟通的数字反哺效应,提升老年人的互联网使用能力和水平,构建老年友好型数字社会。

行为健康视角下儿童友好社区规划策略研究

为营造儿童友好健康的城市社区环境,分析总结了社区儿童日常生活时空行为特征及社区建成环境需求,提取并构建包含安全、文化、交通、空间、建筑、绿化、教育、参与等8项一级指标,户外安全感觉、慢行通学路径等20项二级指标内容的儿童友好社区行为健康支持体系,并从交通引导、功能分区、公共空间、适儿设施、健康培养、公众参与等方面提出儿童友好社区规划应对策略。

Health Care System in Portugal for People with Motor Problems

Purpose: From a social and labor inclusion perspective, the article presents a digital prototype conceptualized to provide a “Diagnostic Page”, which delivers various prescribers and suppliers of support products that mitigate the problems of the respective patients. It also provides a “Patient Card Page”, where all the information about financing the respective products is placed, as well as all the documents likely to be needed for the commercial transactions to be carried out by all the parties involved. It also aims to provide a digital medium to grow a community in this niche market. In the action research methodology approach, the prototype was taken to funding competitions and conferences, where interviews and surveys were carried out, and a number of suggestions were collected on the type of platform to consider in order to respond to the concerns and needs of end users, such as patients, prescribers, suppliers and associations. Methods: The digital platform where the system is hosted uses algorithms that, on the diagnostic page, consider keywords used by patients and return a series of prescribers and suppliers of support products, in which the corresponding percentage of attenuation is taken into account and the best solution found to overcome the level of difficulty presented by the respective patients is delivered. Results and Conclusions: It is hoped that, with this platform, people with motor problems will be able to obtain their diagnosis instantly, through the algorithm implemented, and that they will immediately be provided with a series of prescribers, suppliers and support products best suited to their needs, as well as all the information or conditions necessary to purchase or finance them. On the other hand, prescribers, suppliers and associations have an online platform where they can offer their consultations, products and other support as freelancers who are part of a community.