Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of health-care pharmaceutical products using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a sensitive optical technique that is capable of rapid multi-elemental analysis. The development of this technique for elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products may eventually revolutionize the field of human health. Under normal circumstances, the elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products based on chemical methods is time-consuming and complicated. In this investigation, the principal aim is to develop an LIBS-based methodology for elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products. This LIBS technique was utilized for qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the elements present in Ca-based tablets. All the elements present in the tablets were detected and their percentage compositions were verified in a single shot, using the proposed instrument. These elements(e.g., Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and others) were identified by the wavelengths of their spectral lines, which were verified using the NIST database. The approximate amount of each element was determined based on their observed peaks and the result was in exact agreement with the content specification. The determination of the composition of prescription drug for patients is highly important in numerous circumstances. For example, the exploitation of LIBS may facilitate elemental decomposition of medicines to determine the accuracy of the stated composition information. Moreover, the approach can provide element-specific, meaningful, and accurate information related to pharmaceutical products.

Health-care needs of remitted patients with bipolar disorder: A comparison with schizophrenia

AIM To investigate health-care needs and their correlates among patients with remitted bipolar disorder(BD) compared to patients with remitted schizophrenia. METHODS Outpatients with BD(n = 150) and schizophrenia(n = 75) meeting clearly defined remission criteria were included in the study along with their relatives. Diagnostic ascertainment was carried out using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Demographic and clinical details were recorded using structured formats. Residual symptoms were assessed using standardized scales. Health-care needs were assessed on two separate scales. The principal instrument employed to assess health-care needs was the Camberwell Assessment of Need-Research version(CAN-R). To further evaluate health-care needs we felt that an additional instrument, which was more relevant for Indian patients and treatment-settings and designed to cover those areas of needs not specifically covered by the CAN-R was required. This instrument with a structure and scoring pattern similar to the CAN-R was used for additional evaluation of needs. Patients' level offunctioning was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and their quality of life(QOL) using the World Health Organization Quality Of Life-BREF version in Hindi.RESULTS An average of 6-7 needs was reported by patients with BD as well as their relatives. Commonly reported needs were in the areas of economic and welfare needs, informational needs, social needs and the need for treatment. According to the CAN-R, both patients and relatives reported that more than 60% of the total needs were being met. However, over 90% of the needs covered by the additional evaluation were unmet according to patients and relatives. Needs in the areas of economic and welfare-benefits, information, company, daytime activities and physical health-care were largely unmet according to patients and relatives. Total, met and unmet needs were significantly higher for schizophrenia, but the most common types of needs were quite similar to BD. Relatives reported more needs than patients with certain differences in the types of needs reported. Level of patients' functioning was the principal correlate of greater total and unmet needs in both groups. Significant associations were also obtained with residual symptoms and QOL.CONCLUSION The presence of unmet needs in remitted patients with BD was an additional marker of the enduring psychosocial impairment characteristic of the remitted phase of BD.

基于Jamming转变理论的沥青路面车辙演化机制

沥青路面宏观车辙其实质是混合料细观结构演变的结果,为了深入理解路面车辙流变行为的发展过程,基于颗粒物质Jamming理论开展了沥青混合料车辙演化机制研究。采用图像处理技术构建了沥青混合料细观结构模型,基于时-温等效原理开展了车辙仿真测试,分析了车辙变形过程中混合料宏细观结构的变化特征,探究了沥青路面Unjamming转变行为的影响规律与车辙演化机制。结果表明:Jamming理论可以很好地解释沥青路面的车辙演变全过程,车辙深度与沥青混合料颗粒的堵塞程度密切相关;随着加载时间和作用荷载的增加,混合料Jamming堵塞程度增大,车辙深度和面积分数也逐渐增加,并最终趋于稳定,颗粒体系Jammed态的转变受到了沥青砂浆和集料骨架共同作用的影响;随着测试温度升高,试件内部颗粒位移和位移差增大,混合料Jamming堵塞程度降低。沥青路面颗粒体系由稳定的Jammed态转变为不稳定的Unjammed态,是诱导路面车辙和泛油病害发生的内因,研究结果实现了Jamming理论在非晶体系中的应用,为深入理解沥青混合料的车辙演变行为提供了一种新的研究思路。

Interpretation of WHO Guideline:Assessing and Managing Children at Primary Health-care Facilities to Prevent overweight and Obesity in the Context of the Double Burden of Malnutrition

Along with the transitions of social and economic development,dietary patterns and physical activity and life-styles,the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased at an astonishing rate in the past decades,and has become one of the most serious public health challenges.Meanwhile,the stunting rate has declined with slowly pace,while millions of young lives are still be threatened by wasting all over the word.The present situation of Double Burden of Malnutrition should be recognized clearly and addressed seriously,which refers to,the common presence of both obesity and underweight in the same populations,communities and even families.In order to provide guidance on the appropriate assessment and management of infants and children presenting to primary health-care facilities,to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity among children,the Guideline Assessing and Managing Children at Primary Healthcare Facilities to Prevent Overweight and Obesity in the Context of the Double Burden of Malnutrition was developed and released by WHO in 2017 using the procedures outlined in the WHO handbook for guideline development.The WHO Guideline(2017)is intended primarily for use in low-and medium-resource settings where both under-nutrition and obesity are prevalent.In this guideline,there are three prioritized speci c areas and questions for infants and children presenting to primary health-care facilities:anthropometric assessment,care of infants and children with acute or chronic malnutrition,and care of children who are overweight or obese.It is recommended that for infants and children aged<5 years presenting primary health-care facilities,weight and length/height should be measured and evaluate adequately,general nutrition and physical activity counselling should be provided for related caregivers and families,identi cation and appropriate management plan should be developed at primary health-care level.The discrepancies of the recommendation on the three prioritized areas in di erent guidelines are compared in this paper.All the related guidelines emphasize the important of anthropometric measurement and monitor of growth for primary care workers and suggest dietary and physical activity counselling for obese people.Almost all the guidelines provide recommendations on breastfeeding and continued feeding counselling from the aspect of improving the status of acute or chronic malnutrition.The setting condition should be carefully considered when taking the guidelines of di erent organizations and countries into application.

The Preparation of Fragrance and Health-Care Microcapsule Agent and Its Application on Fabrics

The technology of microcapsule was employed in this paper to prepare fragrant microcapsule agent, in which the core material was lavender oil, and the wall material polyurethane was formed from a reaction with 2, 4-tolylene diisocyanate （ TDI ） and poly （ ethylene glycol） （PEG） by interracial polymerization method. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, the optimum technology conditions have been got as follows： the molecular weight of PEG 400, core/wall ration 1 ： 2, disperser sodium alginate （SA） 0.15%, emulsifier Poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） 1%, emulsifying speed 9 500 r/min, emulsifying time 5 min and reaction time 2 h. The microcapsule fragrant agent, prepared under the optimum conditions, was applied on the fabrics and a kind of good control-released fragrant fabric with health-care function was obtained.

Planning and Design of Health-care Featured Town from the Perspectiveof“Aging Friendly”:A Case Study of Tangwan Town,Guixi City,Jiangxi Province

Under the background of current“aging”and“healthy China”,based on basic needs of theelderly for health care industry,combining the upsurge of featured town construction in China,basicproblems existing in current planning and construction of featured town are expounded and analyzed.Tangwan Town of Guixi City,Jiangxi Province is taken as the research object.Characteristics of theconstruction of health-care featured town and its existing problems are found,and planning strategy isproposed.The research aims to provide reference significance for planning and construction of suchfeatured towns,and promote the perfection of the theory of health-care town in China under agingbackground.

Latent tuberculosis infection in health-care workers in the government sector in Brunei Darussalam:A cross-sectional study

Objective:Health-care workers(HCWs)are known to be at high risk for occupational biological hazards,and this includes exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)which can result in either active or latent TB infection(LTBI).This study aims to provide an overview of the incidence of LTBI among HCWs in Brunei Darussalam,to examine associated risk factors,and to evaluate LTBI treatment compliance.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted using data from January 2018 to December 2021,on notified cases of LTBI in HCWs which identified 115 cases.Demographic data,underlying medical conditions,and compliance to treatment were assessed through reviews of their electronic health records.Results:The incidence of LBTI was 14.6/year/1000 HCWs.The incidence rate reached a high of 24.6/1000 in 2020,and majority of cases were in the older age groups.There was good treatment acceptance and compliance(82.6%),and this was observed to be significantly higher in females than males(P=0.02).Conclusion:This study showed an average incidence of LTBI of 14.6/1000 HCWs over 4 years and high LTBI treatment acceptance(82.6%)and compliance.Emphasis on infection prevention and control measures in health-care settings and actions to increase awareness of LTBI are crucial interventions toward reducing the burden of LTBI.

Health Care Personnel’s Attitude toward Hand Hygiene in Regard to the Prevention of Health-Care Associated Infections: A Cross Sectional Study at the University Hospital Pristine

Background: Hand hygiene is the leading measure for preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance and reducing healthcare-associated infections, but health care worker compliance with optimal practices remains low in most settings. Objective: The main aim of this paper is to determine findings and start drafting policies in implementing them into practice after finding out nurses’ opinions, beliefs and attitudes toward hand hygiene (HH). Methodology and methods: A cross sectional descriptive and observational study during November 2009. Results: From the total number of 175 health care workers employed in this unit, 67 (38.3%) were observed regarding adherence to hand hygiene. Regarding the knowledge, practices and attitudes of the nurses, data were collected from 54 (50.0%) among 108 nurses in four intensive care units within the University Clinical Centre of Kosovo (UCCK). From research findings, it was concluded that hand hygiene compliance in the intensive care units was low (51.3%). Conclusion: Research results show the necessity of organizing multimodal programs with intensive care units of University Clinical Centre of Kosovo (UCCK) on increase of knowledge level on health-care associated infections (HAI).

A target parameter estimation method via atom-reconstruction in radar mainlobe jamming

Mainlobe jamming(MLJ)brings a big challenge for radar target detection,tracking,and identification.The suppression of MLJ is a hard task and an open problem in the electronic counter-counter measures(ECCM)field.Target parameters and target direction estimation is difficult in radar MLJ.A target parameter estimation method via atom-reconstruction in radar MLJ is proposed in this paper.The proposed method can suppress the MLJ and simultaneously provide high estimation accuracy of target range and angle.Precisely,the eigen-projection matrix processing(EMP)algorithm is adopted to suppress the MLJ,and the target range is estimated effectively through the beamforming and pulse compression.Then the target angle can be effectively estimated by the atom-reconstruction method.Without any prior knowledge,the MLJ can be canceled,and the angle estimation accuracy is well preserved.Furthermore,the proposed method does not have strict requirement for radar array construction,and it can be applied for linear array and planar array.Moreover,the proposed method can effectively estimate the target azimuth and elevation simultaneously when the target azimuth(or elevation)equals to the jamming azimuth(or elevation),because the MLJ is suppressed in spatial plane dimension.

Jamming Assisted Covert Wireless Communication in Multi-Channel Systems

This paper investigates the jammerassisted multi-channel covert wireless communication(CWC)by exploiting the randomness of sub-channel selection to confuse the warden.In particular,we propose two sub-channel selection transmission schemes,named random sub-channel selection(RSS)scheme and maximum sub-channel selection(MSS)scheme,to enhance communication covertness.For each proposed scheme,we first derive closed-form expressions of the transmission outage probability(TOP),the average effective rate,and the minimum average detection error probability(DEP).Then,the average effective covert rate(ECR)is maximized by jointly optimizing the transmit power at the transmitter and the number of sub-channels.Numerical results show that there is an optimal value of the number of sub-channels that maximizes the average ECR.We also find that to achieve the maximum average ECR,a larger number of subchannels are needed facing a stricter covertness constraint.

An angular blinking jamming method based on electronically controlled corner reflectors

Passive jamming is believed to have very good potential in countermeasure community.In this paper,a passive angular blinking jamming method based on electronically controlled corner reflectors is proposed.The amplitude of the incident wave can be modulated by switching the corner reflector between the penetration state and the reflection state,and the ensemble of multiple corner reflectors with towing rope can result in complex angle decoying effects.Dependency of the decoying effect on corner reflectors’radar cross section and positions are analyzed and simulated.Results show that the angle measured by a monopulse radar can be significantly interfered by this method while the automatic tracking is employed.

Optimization of jamming formation of USV offboard active decoy clusters based on an improved PSO algorithm

Offboard active decoys(OADs)can effectively jam monopulse radars.However,for missiles approaching from a particular direction and distance,the OAD should be placed at a specific location,posing high requirements for timing and deployment.To improve the response speed and jamming effect,a cluster of OADs based on an unmanned surface vehicle(USV)is proposed.The formation of the cluster determines the effectiveness of jamming.First,based on the mechanism of OAD jamming,critical conditions are identified,and a method for assessing the jamming effect is proposed.Then,for the optimization of the cluster formation,a mathematical model is built,and a multi-tribe adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm based on mutation strategy and Metropolis criterion(3M-APSO)is designed.Finally,the formation optimization problem is solved and analyzed using the 3M-APSO algorithm under specific scenarios.The results show that the improved algorithm has a faster convergence rate and superior performance as compared to the standard Adaptive-PSO algorithm.Compared with a single OAD,the optimal formation of USV-OAD cluster effectively fills the blind area and maximizes the use of jamming resources.

Self-reported ischemic heart disease: Prevalence, sociodemographics, health behavior, health-care utilization, and quality of life

The aim of this study was to present the prevalence of self-reported Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) based on a national population-based survey and to characterize people with self-reported IHD with respect to health behavior, risk factors, health-care services utilization and health-related HRQoL;further to compare people with self-reported IHD to those with other chronic illness and people without chronic illness. Based on the Danish Health Interview Survey 2005 (SUSY), a sample of 10,983 persons aged 35 years or older was examined. Data was collected through personal interviews (response rate = 66.7%) and self-administered questionnaires (51.5%). The sample was divided into three mutual exclusive groups: IHD;other chronic illnesses;and no chronic illness. The prevalence of IHD was 5.6% (5.2 - 6.0). The disease was more common in men than women, and the average age was 67.5 years. People with self-reported IHD were characterized as having poorer health behaviors;more risk factors: 40% smokers, 21% sedentary lifestyle, 26% obese;higher utilization of the health-care services;and poorer HRQoL. When compared to people with other chronic diseases, people with IHD continued to show the same characteristics. The IHD group had more problems affecting their daily lives than the other two groups. The issues that affected the people with IHD have also been shown to increase the load on the health-care system. Therefore, it is important to the patients, health-care, and society that the prevalence of IHD is reduced and the burden of disease is made a priority.

Intelligent recognition and information extraction of radar complex jamming based on time-frequency features

In modern war,radar countermeasure is becoming increasingly fierce,and the enemy jamming time and pattern are changing more randomly.It is challenging for the radar to efficiently identify jamming and obtain precise parameter information,particularly in low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)situations.In this paper,an approach to intelligent recognition and complex jamming parameter estimate based on joint time-frequency distribution features is proposed to address this challenging issue.Firstly,a joint algorithm based on YOLOv5 convolutional neural networks(CNNs)is proposed,which is used to achieve the jamming signal classification and preliminary parameter estimation.Furthermore,an accurate jamming key parameters estimation algorithm is constructed by comprehensively utilizing chi-square statistical test,feature region search,position regression,spectrum interpolation,etc.,which realizes the accurate estimation of jamming carrier frequency,relative delay,Doppler frequency shift,and other parameters.Finally,the approach has improved performance for complex jamming recognition and parameter estimation under low SNR,and the recognition rate can reach 98%under−15 dB SNR,according to simulation and real data verification results.

The Impact of Jams on the Vending Robot

This study aims to identify the causes of sensor jams and its impact on the operation of vending machines. The vending machine is a machine that automatically dispenses products such as drinks, tickets, sandwiches and biscuits, by inserting change or credit card into the machine. This technological feat is due to the advent of sensors. A sensor is a part of the measurement chain, it receives the quantity to be measured and provides information directly linked to this quantity. However, these vending robots are faced with malfunctions linked to sensor jams. The identification of the jam phenomenon was possible thanks to the inspection and monitoring of the various sensors installed on the vending robot. And Cadence software was used to model, control and locate the jammed sensor(s). The various tests were carried out by setting the robot in motion to better understand the causes of the phenomenon. The jam is therefore the phenomenon which triggers the sensors permanently, which causes the automatic vending robot to stop functioning. And this jam was due to the presence of water droplets on the sensor or dirt. This presence of water droplets on the sensor is linked to an increase in temperature. Controlling the temperature and locating the jammed sensor has made it possible to considerably reduce jamming and its harmful effects on the vending machine robot.

JAM3基因DNA甲基化在宫颈高级别上皮内瘤变及术后复发预测的临床研究

目的:探讨JAM3 (junctional adhesion molecules 3)基因DNA甲基化水平在高级别上皮内瘤变中的诊断效能,实现宫颈癌精准筛查,协助高级别上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN) II~III级分级管理,预测术后复发风险,规范宫颈上皮内瘤变治疗。研究方法:选择2020年1月至2023年1月就诊于临沂市中心医院需行宫颈活检术的200例病例,分别行HPV检查、液基细胞学检查、病理标本DNA甲基化检测。检测期间由一名固定医生取样。所有研究对象均通过阴道镜检查并进行宫颈组织病理学确诊后分组。根据病理学检查结果分为正常组、CIN I级组、CIN II级组、CIN III级组,各50例进行数据统计和临床分析。结果:正常组、CIN I级组、CIN II级组、CIN III级组JAM3基因甲基化者分别为4%、10%、38%、54%。随着宫颈病变程度的加重,JAM3基因的甲基化水平呈逐渐升高趋势。JAM3基因在正常组、CIN I组、CIN II组、CIN III组任意两组之间均存在显著差异(P < 0.01)。联合JAM3基因甲基化检测可弥补HPV低特异性及TCT低敏感性的缺陷,复发患者甲基化水平明显高于治愈者,差异具有统计学意义。结论:JAM3甲基化检测可显著提高宫颈高级别上皮内瘤变检出率,可为阴道镜检查不满意的LSIL患者分流管理提供参考;协助CIN II~III分级管理,提高病理诊断一致性;JAM3甲基化可作为高级别上皮内瘤变术后复发预测标志物。

无线传感器网络中基于几何覆盖的Jamming攻击定位算法

提出一种基于几何覆盖理论的Jamming攻击定位(GCL,geometry-covering based localization)算法。GCL算法利用计算几何中的凸壳理论,特别是最小包容圆方法,对Jamming攻击者进行定位。理论证明了该算法的正确性和较低的时间复杂度(O(nlogn));模拟实验表明,该算法在攻击者攻击范围、网络节点密度以及攻击者位置等度量值变化的情况下,比已有算法具有更好的定位准确度。

Sinusoidal FM Fuze's Channel Leak and Its Jamming Mechanism

Aim To get the theory base of designing FM fuze's jamming signal, its jamming mechanism was studied. Methods A sinusoidal FM fuze was analyzed in time domain and frequency domain and the concept of channel leak was presented. Results It was proved that information channel leak exists in FM fuze because of the nonlinear property of the mixer. The jamming signal was designed based on the channel leak and the jamming mechanism was analyzed in detail. Conclusion This kind of jamming signal can jam the sinusoidal FM fuzes effectively just depending on the jamming signal's feature itself. It's different from the traditional jamming way of simulating echo. Though the sinusoidal FM fuze was just analyzed, the principle is applicable to all FM fuzes. At the same time, it may be used as the reference for FM radar and communication countermeasures.

On the critical conditions of traffic jams

Traffic wave theory is used to study the critical conditions for traffic jams according to their features. First, the characteristics of traffic wave propagation is analyzed for the simple signal-controlled lane and the critical conditions for oversaturation is established. Then, the basic road is decomposed into a series of one-way links according to its topological characteristics. Based on the decomposition, traffic wave propagation under complex conditions is studied. Three complicated factors are considered to establish the corresponding critical conditions of jam formation, namely, dynamic and insufficient split, channelized section spillover and endogenous traffic flow. The results show that road geometric features, traffic demand structures and signal settings influence the formation and propagation of traffic congestion. These findings can serve as a theoretical basis for future network jam control.

草鱼jam-a基因的克隆及表达分析

该研究从草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)中克隆到3个jam-a(gcjam-a1,gcjam-a2,gcjam-a3)c DNA序列,并采用qRT-PCR分析其在健康草鱼9种组织中的表达模式以及受草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV-GD108)感染后在草鱼6种组织中的表达变化。结果表明,克隆到的gcjam-a 3个分子编码294~295个氨基酸,均具有2个免疫球蛋白Ig结构域,包含典型的受体结合的D1结构域及与细胞膜结合的D2结构域。3个gcjam-a的D2结构域序列完全一致,而D1结构域序列则稍有差别。在健康草鱼9个组织中,gcjam-a1主要在血和脑中有较高表达,gcjam-a2主要在鳃中有较高表达,而在各个组织未检测到gcjam-a3表达。病毒感染后草鱼6种组织中,gcjam-a1、gcjam-a2、gcjam-a3在鳃中均出现显著上调表达,而在肝脏、脾脏、肠、肾、脑中只有gcjam-a1有不同程度诱导表达上调。该研究表明在健康草鱼组织中,3个gcjam-a中以gcjam-a1的表达量最高,且在受病毒感染后所检测的6种组织中均出现表达上调,推测其可能为GCRV-GD108的主要受体。