Steam Methane Reforming(SMR)Combined with Ship Based Carbon Capture(SBCC)for an Efficient Blue Hydrogen Production on Board Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)Carriers

The objective of this study is to propose an optimal plant design for blue hydrogen production aboard a liquefiednatural gas(LNG)carrier.This investigation focuses on integrating two distinct processes—steam methanereforming(SMR)and ship-based carbon capture(SBCC).The first refers to the common practice used to obtainhydrogen from methane(often derived from natural gas),where steam reacts with methane to produce hydrogenand carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).The second refers to capturing the CO_(2) generated during the SMR process on boardships.By capturing and storing the carbon emissions,the process significantly reduces its environmental impact,making the hydrogen production“blue,”as opposed to“grey”(which involves CO_(2) emissions without capture).For the SMR process,the analysis reveals that increasing the reformer temperature enhances both the processperformance and CO_(2) emissions.Conversely,a higher steam-to-carbon(s/c)ratio reduces hydrogen yield,therebydecreasing thermal efficiency.The study also shows that preheating the air and boil-off gas(BOG)before theyenter the combustion chamber boosts overall efficiency and curtails CO_(2) emissions.In the SBCC process,puremonoethanolamine(MEA)is employed to capture the CO_(2) generated by the exhaust gases from the SMR process.The results indicate that with a 90%CO_(2) capture rate,the associated heat consumption amounts to 4.6 MJ perkilogram of CO_(2) captured.This combined approach offers a viable pathway to produce blue hydrogen on LNGcarriers while significantly reducing the carbon footprint.

Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of health-care pharmaceutical products using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a sensitive optical technique that is capable of rapid multi-elemental analysis. The development of this technique for elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products may eventually revolutionize the field of human health. Under normal circumstances, the elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products based on chemical methods is time-consuming and complicated. In this investigation, the principal aim is to develop an LIBS-based methodology for elemental analysis of pharmaceutical products. This LIBS technique was utilized for qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the elements present in Ca-based tablets. All the elements present in the tablets were detected and their percentage compositions were verified in a single shot, using the proposed instrument. These elements(e.g., Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and others) were identified by the wavelengths of their spectral lines, which were verified using the NIST database. The approximate amount of each element was determined based on their observed peaks and the result was in exact agreement with the content specification. The determination of the composition of prescription drug for patients is highly important in numerous circumstances. For example, the exploitation of LIBS may facilitate elemental decomposition of medicines to determine the accuracy of the stated composition information. Moreover, the approach can provide element-specific, meaningful, and accurate information related to pharmaceutical products.

Health-care needs of remitted patients with bipolar disorder: A comparison with schizophrenia

AIM To investigate health-care needs and their correlates among patients with remitted bipolar disorder(BD) compared to patients with remitted schizophrenia. METHODS Outpatients with BD(n = 150) and schizophrenia(n = 75) meeting clearly defined remission criteria were included in the study along with their relatives. Diagnostic ascertainment was carried out using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Demographic and clinical details were recorded using structured formats. Residual symptoms were assessed using standardized scales. Health-care needs were assessed on two separate scales. The principal instrument employed to assess health-care needs was the Camberwell Assessment of Need-Research version(CAN-R). To further evaluate health-care needs we felt that an additional instrument, which was more relevant for Indian patients and treatment-settings and designed to cover those areas of needs not specifically covered by the CAN-R was required. This instrument with a structure and scoring pattern similar to the CAN-R was used for additional evaluation of needs. Patients' level offunctioning was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and their quality of life(QOL) using the World Health Organization Quality Of Life-BREF version in Hindi.RESULTS An average of 6-7 needs was reported by patients with BD as well as their relatives. Commonly reported needs were in the areas of economic and welfare needs, informational needs, social needs and the need for treatment. According to the CAN-R, both patients and relatives reported that more than 60% of the total needs were being met. However, over 90% of the needs covered by the additional evaluation were unmet according to patients and relatives. Needs in the areas of economic and welfare-benefits, information, company, daytime activities and physical health-care were largely unmet according to patients and relatives. Total, met and unmet needs were significantly higher for schizophrenia, but the most common types of needs were quite similar to BD. Relatives reported more needs than patients with certain differences in the types of needs reported. Level of patients' functioning was the principal correlate of greater total and unmet needs in both groups. Significant associations were also obtained with residual symptoms and QOL.CONCLUSION The presence of unmet needs in remitted patients with BD was an additional marker of the enduring psychosocial impairment characteristic of the remitted phase of BD.

Interpretation of WHO Guideline:Assessing and Managing Children at Primary Health-care Facilities to Prevent overweight and Obesity in the Context of the Double Burden of Malnutrition

Along with the transitions of social and economic development,dietary patterns and physical activity and life-styles,the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased at an astonishing rate in the past decades,and has become one of the most serious public health challenges.Meanwhile,the stunting rate has declined with slowly pace,while millions of young lives are still be threatened by wasting all over the word.The present situation of Double Burden of Malnutrition should be recognized clearly and addressed seriously,which refers to,the common presence of both obesity and underweight in the same populations,communities and even families.In order to provide guidance on the appropriate assessment and management of infants and children presenting to primary health-care facilities,to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity among children,the Guideline Assessing and Managing Children at Primary Healthcare Facilities to Prevent Overweight and Obesity in the Context of the Double Burden of Malnutrition was developed and released by WHO in 2017 using the procedures outlined in the WHO handbook for guideline development.The WHO Guideline(2017)is intended primarily for use in low-and medium-resource settings where both under-nutrition and obesity are prevalent.In this guideline,there are three prioritized speci c areas and questions for infants and children presenting to primary health-care facilities:anthropometric assessment,care of infants and children with acute or chronic malnutrition,and care of children who are overweight or obese.It is recommended that for infants and children aged<5 years presenting primary health-care facilities,weight and length/height should be measured and evaluate adequately,general nutrition and physical activity counselling should be provided for related caregivers and families,identi cation and appropriate management plan should be developed at primary health-care level.The discrepancies of the recommendation on the three prioritized areas in di erent guidelines are compared in this paper.All the related guidelines emphasize the important of anthropometric measurement and monitor of growth for primary care workers and suggest dietary and physical activity counselling for obese people.Almost all the guidelines provide recommendations on breastfeeding and continued feeding counselling from the aspect of improving the status of acute or chronic malnutrition.The setting condition should be carefully considered when taking the guidelines of di erent organizations and countries into application.

The Preparation of Fragrance and Health-Care Microcapsule Agent and Its Application on Fabrics

The technology of microcapsule was employed in this paper to prepare fragrant microcapsule agent, in which the core material was lavender oil, and the wall material polyurethane was formed from a reaction with 2, 4-tolylene diisocyanate （ TDI ） and poly （ ethylene glycol） （PEG） by interracial polymerization method. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, the optimum technology conditions have been got as follows： the molecular weight of PEG 400, core/wall ration 1 ： 2, disperser sodium alginate （SA） 0.15%, emulsifier Poly（vinyl alcohol） （PVA） 1%, emulsifying speed 9 500 r/min, emulsifying time 5 min and reaction time 2 h. The microcapsule fragrant agent, prepared under the optimum conditions, was applied on the fabrics and a kind of good control-released fragrant fabric with health-care function was obtained.

Planning and Design of Health-care Featured Town from the Perspectiveof“Aging Friendly”:A Case Study of Tangwan Town,Guixi City,Jiangxi Province

Under the background of current“aging”and“healthy China”,based on basic needs of theelderly for health care industry,combining the upsurge of featured town construction in China,basicproblems existing in current planning and construction of featured town are expounded and analyzed.Tangwan Town of Guixi City,Jiangxi Province is taken as the research object.Characteristics of theconstruction of health-care featured town and its existing problems are found,and planning strategy isproposed.The research aims to provide reference significance for planning and construction of suchfeatured towns,and promote the perfection of the theory of health-care town in China under agingbackground.

Latent tuberculosis infection in health-care workers in the government sector in Brunei Darussalam:A cross-sectional study

Objective:Health-care workers(HCWs)are known to be at high risk for occupational biological hazards,and this includes exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)which can result in either active or latent TB infection(LTBI).This study aims to provide an overview of the incidence of LTBI among HCWs in Brunei Darussalam,to examine associated risk factors,and to evaluate LTBI treatment compliance.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted using data from January 2018 to December 2021,on notified cases of LTBI in HCWs which identified 115 cases.Demographic data,underlying medical conditions,and compliance to treatment were assessed through reviews of their electronic health records.Results:The incidence of LBTI was 14.6/year/1000 HCWs.The incidence rate reached a high of 24.6/1000 in 2020,and majority of cases were in the older age groups.There was good treatment acceptance and compliance(82.6%),and this was observed to be significantly higher in females than males(P=0.02).Conclusion:This study showed an average incidence of LTBI of 14.6/1000 HCWs over 4 years and high LTBI treatment acceptance(82.6%)and compliance.Emphasis on infection prevention and control measures in health-care settings and actions to increase awareness of LTBI are crucial interventions toward reducing the burden of LTBI.

Health Care Personnel’s Attitude toward Hand Hygiene in Regard to the Prevention of Health-Care Associated Infections: A Cross Sectional Study at the University Hospital Pristine

Background: Hand hygiene is the leading measure for preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance and reducing healthcare-associated infections, but health care worker compliance with optimal practices remains low in most settings. Objective: The main aim of this paper is to determine findings and start drafting policies in implementing them into practice after finding out nurses’ opinions, beliefs and attitudes toward hand hygiene (HH). Methodology and methods: A cross sectional descriptive and observational study during November 2009. Results: From the total number of 175 health care workers employed in this unit, 67 (38.3%) were observed regarding adherence to hand hygiene. Regarding the knowledge, practices and attitudes of the nurses, data were collected from 54 (50.0%) among 108 nurses in four intensive care units within the University Clinical Centre of Kosovo (UCCK). From research findings, it was concluded that hand hygiene compliance in the intensive care units was low (51.3%). Conclusion: Research results show the necessity of organizing multimodal programs with intensive care units of University Clinical Centre of Kosovo (UCCK) on increase of knowledge level on health-care associated infections (HAI).

Upcycling municipal solid waste to sustainable hydrogen via two-stage gasification-reforming

As global municipal solid waste(MSW)quantities continue to escalate,serious socio-environmental challenges arise,necessitating innovative solutions.Waste-to-hydrogen(WTH)via two-stage gasification-reforming(TSGR)presents an emergent technology for MSW upcycling,offering to ease waste management burdens and bolster the burgeoning hydrogen economy.Despite early initiatives to advance TSGR technology,a cohesive and critical analysis of cutting-edge knowledge and strategies to enhance hydrogen production remains lacking.This review aggregates literature on MSW upcycling to hydrogen via TSGR,with a focus on optimizing process control and catalytic efficiency.It underscores technological avenues to augment hydrogen output,curtail catalyst costs,and refine system performance.Particularly,the review illuminates the potential for integrating chemical and calcium looping into TSGR processes,identifying opportunities,and pinpointing challenges.The review concludes with a summary of the current state of techno-economic analysis for this technology,presenting outstanding challenges and future research directions,with the ultimate goal of transitioning WTH from theoretical to practical application.

Self-reported ischemic heart disease: Prevalence, sociodemographics, health behavior, health-care utilization, and quality of life

The aim of this study was to present the prevalence of self-reported Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) based on a national population-based survey and to characterize people with self-reported IHD with respect to health behavior, risk factors, health-care services utilization and health-related HRQoL;further to compare people with self-reported IHD to those with other chronic illness and people without chronic illness. Based on the Danish Health Interview Survey 2005 (SUSY), a sample of 10,983 persons aged 35 years or older was examined. Data was collected through personal interviews (response rate = 66.7%) and self-administered questionnaires (51.5%). The sample was divided into three mutual exclusive groups: IHD;other chronic illnesses;and no chronic illness. The prevalence of IHD was 5.6% (5.2 - 6.0). The disease was more common in men than women, and the average age was 67.5 years. People with self-reported IHD were characterized as having poorer health behaviors;more risk factors: 40% smokers, 21% sedentary lifestyle, 26% obese;higher utilization of the health-care services;and poorer HRQoL. When compared to people with other chronic diseases, people with IHD continued to show the same characteristics. The IHD group had more problems affecting their daily lives than the other two groups. The issues that affected the people with IHD have also been shown to increase the load on the health-care system. Therefore, it is important to the patients, health-care, and society that the prevalence of IHD is reduced and the burden of disease is made a priority.

Methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production driven by an atomically precise Cu catalyst

Plasmon-induced hot-electron transfer from metal nanostructures is being intensely pursed in current photocatalytic research,however it remains elusive whether molecular-like metal clusters with excitonic behavior can be used as light-harvesting materials in solar energy utilization such as photocatalytic methanol steam reforming.In this work,we report an atomically precise Cu_(13)cluster protected by dual ligands of thiolate and phosphine that can be viewed as the assembly of one top Cu atom and three Cu_(4)tetrahedra.The Cu_(13)H_(10)(SR)_(3)(PR’_(3))_(7)(SR=2,4-dichlorobenzenethiol,PR’_(3)=P(4-FC_(6)H_(4))_(3))cluster can give rise to highly efficient light-driven activity for methanol steam reforming toward H_(2)production.

Chemical looping reforming of the micromolecular component from biomass pyrolysis via Fe_(2)O_(3)@SBA-16

To solve the problems of low gasification efficiency and high tar content caused by solid–solid contact between biomass and oxygen carrier in traditional biomass chemical looping gasification process.The decoupling strategy was adopted to decouple the biomass gasification process,and the composite oxygen carrier was prepared by embedding Fe_(2)O_(3) in molecular sieve SBA-16 for the chemical looping reforming process of pyrolysis micromolecular model compound methane,which was expected to realize the directional reforming of pyrolysis volatiles to prepare hydrogen-rich syngas.Thermodynamic analysis of the reaction system was carried out based on the Gibbs free energy minimization method,and the reforming performance was evaluated by a fixed bed reactor,and the kinetic parameters were solved based on the gas–solid reaction model.Thermodynamic analysis verified the feasibility of the reaction and provided theoretical guidance for experimental design.The experimental results showed that the reaction performance of Fe_(2)O_(3)@SBA-16 was compared with that of pure Fe_(2)O_(3) and Fe_(2)O_(3)@SBA-15,and the syngas yield was increased by 55.3%and 20.7%respectively,and it had good cycle stability.Kinetic analysis showed that the kinetic model changed from three-dimensional diffusion to first-order reaction with the increase of temperature.The activation energy was 192.79 kJ/mol by fitting.This paper provides basic data for the directional preparation of hydrogen-rich syngas from biomass and the design of oxygen carriers for pyrolysis of all-component chemical looping reforming.

Research on the Reform of the Process-Tracking Ideological and Political Assessment System in Applied Universities:Taking the Personal Finance Course as an Example

Using the Xi’an Mingde Institute of Technology students as the teaching object and the Personal Finance course as an example,we explore the reform of the ideological and political assessment system of process-tracking courses in applied universities.The article analyzes the feasibility of applying the curriculum ideological and political assessment system in college courses and compares the traditional assessment system.It also proposes that applying curriculum ideological and political assessment to the college curriculum assessment system will help improve students’understanding of the“value guidance”in curriculum ideological and political education and enhance the teaching effect.

Optimizing the sulfur-resistance and activity of perovskite oxygen carrier for chemical looping dry reforming of methane

Perovskite oxides has been attracted much attention as high-performance oxygen carriers for chemical looping reforming of methane,but they are easily inactivated by the presence of trace H_(2)S.Here,we propose to modulate both the activity and resistance to sulfur poisoning by dual substitution of Mo and Ni ions with the Fe-sites of LaFeO_(3)perovskite.It is found that partial substitution of Ni for Fe substantially improves the activity of LaFeO_(3)perovskite,while Ni particles prefer to grow and react with H_(2)S during the long-term successive redox process,resulting in the deactivation of oxygen carriers.With the presence of Mo in LaNi_(0.05)Fe_(0.95)O_(3−σ)perovskite,H_(2)S preferentially reacts with Mo to generate MoS_(2),and then the CO_(2)oxidation can regenerate Mo via removing sulfur.In addition,Mo can inhibit the accumulation and growth of Ni,which helps to improve the redox stability of oxygen carriers.The LaNi_(0.05)Mo_(0.07)Fe_(0.88)O_(3−σ)oxygen carrier exhibits stable and excellent performance,with the CH_(4)conversion higher than 90%during the 50 redox cycles in the presence of 50 ppm H_(2)S at 800℃.This work highlights a synergistic effect in the perovskite oxides induced by dual substitution of different cations for the development of high-performance oxygen carriers with excellent sulfur tolerance.

Using Aspen HYSYS to Develop a Custom Molecule-based Reformer Model

A new continuous catalytic reforming model was configured by using a molecule-based reactor module. Themodel was based on the Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd. continuous catalytic reformer fullmodel, and was reduced to a size of 157 naphtha molecules (C1−C12) that underwent 764 reactions. The new model inheritedthe advantages of the original model, and had better solving performance and flexibility owing to support by the AspenHYSYS environment. Typical commercial plant data were selected for model validation, which showed advantages in theaccuracy of detailed predictions and the range of its application. In addition, the solving time was reduced from minutes toseconds. Therefore, the simplified model proved to be feasible for industrial application.

Influencing factors analysis of hard limestone reformation and strength weakening under acidic effect

Roof disaster has always been an important factor restricting coal mine safety production.Acidic effect can reform the rock mass structure to weaken the macroscopic strength characteristics,which is an effective way to control the hard limestone roof.In this study,the effects of various factors on the reaction characteristics and mechanical properties of limestone were analyzed.The results show that the acid with stronger hydrogen production capacity after ionization(pK_(a)<0)has more prominent damage to the mineral grains of limestone.When pKa increases from−8.00 to 15.70,uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of limestone increase by 117.22%and 75.98%.The influence of acid concentration is manifested in the dissolution behavior of mineral crystals,the crystal defects caused by large-scale acid action will lead to the deterioration of limestone strength,and the strength after 15%concentration reformation can be reduced by 59.42%.The effect of acidification time on limestone has stages and is the most obvious in the initial metathesis reaction stage(within 60 min).The key to the strength damage of acidified limestone is the participation of hydrogen ions in the reaction system.Based on the analytic hierarchy process method,the influence weights of acid type,acid concentration and acidification time on strength are 24.30%,59.54% and 16.16%,respectively.The research results provide theoretical support for the acidification control of hard limestone roofs in coal mines.

Machine learning-driven optimization of plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane

This study investigates the dry reformation of methane(DRM)over Ni/Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts in a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)non-thermal plasma reactor.A novel hybrid machine learning(ML)model is developed to optimize the plasma-catalytic DRM reaction with limited experimental data.To address the non-linear and complex nature of the plasma-catalytic DRM process,the hybrid ML model integrates three well-established algorithms:regression trees,support vector regression,and artificial neural networks.A genetic algorithm(GA)is then used to optimize the hyperparameters of each algorithm within the hybrid ML model.The ML model achieved excellent agreement with the experimental data,demonstrating its efficacy in accurately predicting and optimizing the DRM process.The model was subsequently used to investigate the impact of various operating parameters on the plasma-catalytic DRM performance.We found that the optimal discharge power(20 W),CO_(2)/CH_(4)molar ratio(1.5),and Ni loading(7.8 wt%)resulted in the maximum energy yield at a total flow rate of∼51 mL/min.Furthermore,we investigated the relative significance of each operating parameter on the performance of the plasma-catalytic DRM process.The results show that the total flow rate had the greatest influence on the conversion,with a significance exceeding 35%for each output,while the Ni loading had the least impact on the overall reaction performance.This hybrid model demonstrates a remarkable ability to extract valuable insights from limited datasets,enabling the development and optimization of more efficient and selective plasma-catalytic chemical processes.

Reform of Hospitality English Teaching Based on the Educational Concept of Outcome-Based Education(OBE)

The Outcome-Based Education(OBE)educational concept,proposed by renowned American educator Spady,aims to guide students in mastering learning laws and ultimately achieving expected learning outcomes.The application of OBE educational concept in Hospitality English curriculum not only can effectively enhance the learning effect but also promote the reform of the Hospitality English curriculum,thus improving students’learning enthusiasm.Therefore,taking the Hospitality English curriculum as an example,this paper points out the existing problems in the teaching of this course and suggests the reform measures based on the OBE teaching concept,hoping to provide guidelines for related educational work.

Engineering oxygen vacancies on Tb-doped ceria supported Pt catalyst for hydrogen production through steam reforming of long-chain hydrocarbon fuels

Steam reforming of long-chain hydrocarbon fuels for hydrogen production has received great attention for thermal management of the hypersonic vehicle and fuel-cell application.In this work,Pt catalysts supported on CeO_(2)and Tb-doped CeO_(2)were prepared by a precipitation method.The physical structure and chemical properties of the as-prepared catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,H_(2)temperature programmed reduction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results show that Tb-doped CeO_(2)supported Pt possesses abundant surface oxygen vacancies,good inhibition of ceria sintering,and strong metal-support interaction compared with CeO_(2)supported Pt.The catalytic performance of hydrogen production via steam reforming of long-chain hydrocarbon fuels(n-dodecane)was tested.Compared with 2Pt/CeO_(2),2Pt/Ce_(0.9)Tb_(0.1)O_(2),and 2Pt/Ce_(0.5)Tb_(0.5)O_(2),the 2Pt/Ce_(0.7)Tb_(0.3)O_(2)has higher activity and stability for hydrogen production,on which the conversion of n-dodecane was maintained at about 53.2%after 600 min reaction under 700℃at liquid space velocity of 9 ml·g^(-1)·h^(-1).2Pt/CeO_(2)rapidly deactivated,the conversion of n-dodecane was reduced to only 41.6%after 600 min.

A Preliminary Study on the Rural Land System Reform in the Context of Rural Revitalization

With the deepening of reform and opening up,the rural land system has experienced the evolution from contracting to transfer to the current rural revitalization strategy,and has always been closely linked to the well-being of farmers and the vigorous development of the rural economy.The reform of this system is not only a key driving force for rural economic development,but also an important cornerstone for realizing the rural revitalization strategy.Through in-depth analysis of the connotation of rural revitalization and rural land system reform,this study discusses in detail the internal dynamic mechanism of rural land system reform driving rural revitalization,and comprehensively analyzes the current implementation of rural land system reform.On this basis,this study puts forward the strategic concept of promoting the rural land system reform in the context of rural revitalization.Studies have shown that the rural land system reform has mainly played a positive role in the following four aspects in promoting rural revitalization:providing a solid material foundation for rural revitalization,optimizing the allocation of rural resources,promoting the transformation and upgrading of rural industrial structure,and promoting rural social harmony and stability.In the context of the current rural revitalization,the rural land system reform is undoubtedly one of the core issues of China s rural development.In order to further improve this system,we need to continue to optimize and innovate the rural land transfer system,the homestead reform system,and the rural collective construction land market entry system.