Samples of hot break tomato paste were collected from commercially produced aseptic totes after 6-11 months of storage at ambient temperature. Serum viscosity of the hot break tomato paste samples was analyzed at each...Samples of hot break tomato paste were collected from commercially produced aseptic totes after 6-11 months of storage at ambient temperature. Serum viscosity of the hot break tomato paste samples was analyzed at each sampling time and compared to the initial serum viscosity measured at the time of tomato paste manufacturing. As storage time increased, the serum viscosity of hot break tomato paste significantly decreased. After 7 months of storage, 16%-27% reduction of serum viscosity was observed in the hot break tomato paste. To evaluate effects of a heating on the serum viscosity of hot break tomato paste, the paste samples were reconstituted with water to 10° Brix, similar level of tomato solids in typical tomato sauce products. Diluted tomato paste was heated and held at 95℃ for 3 minutes and its serum viscosity was measured. After the heating, the serum viscosity of hot break tomato paste was slightly increased up to 5% of initial value, however the recovery was not significant （p 〈 0.05）.展开更多
During fracturing treatment for low-temperature, shallow and high freezing point oil reservoirs, the first-line problems are to overcome uncompleted breakdown, uncompleted cleanup of fracturing fluids and cold damages...During fracturing treatment for low-temperature, shallow and high freezing point oil reservoirs, the first-line problems are to overcome uncompleted breakdown, uncompleted cleanup of fracturing fluids and cold damages to the formations by injecting cold fluid. To avoid those problems, it is suggested to adopt a new encapsulated heat-generating hydraulic fracturing fluid system as described in this paper.; Firstly, two kinds of chemical heat-generating systems were studied and the NH-4Cl-NaNO-2 system was selected. According to the reaction characteristics of the system, oxalic acid was chosen as a catalyst of reaction and encapsulated using ethyl cellulose and paraffin as coating materials by the phase separation method. Compatibility of NH-4Cl-NaNO-2-encapsulated oxalic acid with hydroxypropyl-guar fracturing fluid was also discussed in the paper. The results showed that the hydraulic fracturing fluid containing encapsulated heat-generating agents hare a good stability and compatibility. When the fracturing fluid contains {2.0} mol·L+{-1} NH-4Cl-NaNO-2, {0.93%} encapsulated oxalic acid and {0.08%} ammonium persulfate, the peak temperature can reach {78.0℃} and the viscosity of residual liquid is {3.12} mPa·s after 4 hours.展开更多
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified usingrecombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between a japonicavariety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seed...Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified usingrecombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between a japonicavariety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seeds of two parental cultivars and each RILwere harvested in 35d after heading. The germination percentage of these seeds at 30℃for 7 days were measured as the degree of seed dormancy. QTL analysis was performed withWindows QTL Cartographer 1.13a program by composite interval mapping. A total of four QTLfor seed dormancy were detected on chromosome 2 (two regions), 5 and 11, respectively.Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 8.37 to 17.40%. Responses of suchloci to a dormancy-breaking treatment with dry heat were further detected. The resultsshowed that two alleles of qDOR-2-1 and qDOR-5 from DV85 as well as the allele of qDOR-11 from Kinmaze increased the seed dormancy, which seemed to be easily broken by dry heattreatment. Such loci of seed dormancy may be applied to rice genetic improvement. Theallele of qDOR-2-2 from DV85 increased the seed dormancy, which could not be broken bydry heat treatment.展开更多
1.5MW Ion Cyclotron Wave Heating system was developed, the transmitter and the antenna both have their ground loops, which will severely perturb the system’s normal operation. To avoid perturbation, a DC break was de...1.5MW Ion Cyclotron Wave Heating system was developed, the transmitter and the antenna both have their ground loops, which will severely perturb the system’s normal operation. To avoid perturbation, a DC break was designed. The S parameter and the VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) of incident port were calculated; the thermal effect caused by conductor loss and dielectric loss was analyzed.展开更多
研究了承压热冲击(PTS)事故发生时,变化的堆芯衰变热对反应堆压力容器(RPV)安全分析的影响。基于ACP1000三回路反应堆压力容器,对25 cm 2小破口失水事故工况应用三维流固热耦合方法进行模拟。计算了事故下2000 s内堆芯衰变热随时间的变...研究了承压热冲击(PTS)事故发生时,变化的堆芯衰变热对反应堆压力容器(RPV)安全分析的影响。基于ACP1000三回路反应堆压力容器,对25 cm 2小破口失水事故工况应用三维流固热耦合方法进行模拟。计算了事故下2000 s内堆芯衰变热随时间的变化函数,得到变化堆芯衰变热影响下冷却剂经过堆芯后的温升、三回路模型安注流动轨迹、确定RPV环腔内温度最低点(冷点)的位置,并在此处施加裂纹影响,得到变化堆芯衰变热影响下应力强度因子分析结果,并与1 MW/m 3堆芯衰变热结果进行比较。结果表明,在本瞬态工况下变化的堆芯衰变热对流经的冷却剂有明显的升温作用,RPV内壁应力也有16.02%的增幅,应力强度因子有30.1%的增幅。展开更多
【目的】观察针刺治疗肝经郁热型干眼症的疗效及其对焦虑情绪的影响。【方法】将78例肝经郁热型干眼症患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各39例。对照组给予聚乙烯醇滴眼液滴眼治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用针刺治疗,疗程为1个月。观...【目的】观察针刺治疗肝经郁热型干眼症的疗效及其对焦虑情绪的影响。【方法】将78例肝经郁热型干眼症患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各39例。对照组给予聚乙烯醇滴眼液滴眼治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用针刺治疗,疗程为1个月。观察2组患者治疗前后主观症状评分、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)、泪液分泌试验(Schirmer I test,SIT)、角膜荧光染色结果(fluorescein,FL)评分以及焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分的变化情况,并评价2组患者的临床疗效和焦虑改善疗效。【结果】(1)治疗1个月后,观察组的总有效率为89.74%(35/39),对照组为71.79%(28/39),组间比较,观察组的总有效率(χ^(2)检验)和总体疗效(秩和检验)均优于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)治疗后,2组患者的眼睛干燥感、异物感、疲劳感、烧灼感、不适感、视力波动等各项主观症状评分及总积分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组的降低作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)治疗后,2组患者的BUT、SIT、FL评分均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组的改善作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(4)治疗后,2组患者的SAS评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组的降低作用明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(5)治疗后,观察组的焦虑恢复正常率为89.29%(25/28),对照组为48.15%(13/27),组间比较(χ^(2)检验),观察组的焦虑改善疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】在人工泪液治疗基础上加用针刺治疗肝经郁热型干眼症患者疗效确切,可有效改善患者临床症状和焦虑情绪,其疗效优于单纯人工泪液治疗。展开更多
文摘Samples of hot break tomato paste were collected from commercially produced aseptic totes after 6-11 months of storage at ambient temperature. Serum viscosity of the hot break tomato paste samples was analyzed at each sampling time and compared to the initial serum viscosity measured at the time of tomato paste manufacturing. As storage time increased, the serum viscosity of hot break tomato paste significantly decreased. After 7 months of storage, 16%-27% reduction of serum viscosity was observed in the hot break tomato paste. To evaluate effects of a heating on the serum viscosity of hot break tomato paste, the paste samples were reconstituted with water to 10° Brix, similar level of tomato solids in typical tomato sauce products. Diluted tomato paste was heated and held at 95℃ for 3 minutes and its serum viscosity was measured. After the heating, the serum viscosity of hot break tomato paste was slightly increased up to 5% of initial value, however the recovery was not significant （p 〈 0.05）.
基金This work was supported by CNPC Innovation Foundation ( No.2001CX-19).
文摘During fracturing treatment for low-temperature, shallow and high freezing point oil reservoirs, the first-line problems are to overcome uncompleted breakdown, uncompleted cleanup of fracturing fluids and cold damages to the formations by injecting cold fluid. To avoid those problems, it is suggested to adopt a new encapsulated heat-generating hydraulic fracturing fluid system as described in this paper.; Firstly, two kinds of chemical heat-generating systems were studied and the NH-4Cl-NaNO-2 system was selected. According to the reaction characteristics of the system, oxalic acid was chosen as a catalyst of reaction and encapsulated using ethyl cellulose and paraffin as coating materials by the phase separation method. Compatibility of NH-4Cl-NaNO-2-encapsulated oxalic acid with hydroxypropyl-guar fracturing fluid was also discussed in the paper. The results showed that the hydraulic fracturing fluid containing encapsulated heat-generating agents hare a good stability and compatibility. When the fracturing fluid contains {2.0} mol·L+{-1} NH-4Cl-NaNO-2, {0.93%} encapsulated oxalic acid and {0.08%} ammonium persulfate, the peak temperature can reach {78.0℃} and the viscosity of residual liquid is {3.12} mPa·s after 4 hours.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK2003415)Jiangsu Province Tackle Key Problem Foundation(BE2001305).
文摘Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified usingrecombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from the cross between a japonicavariety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seeds of two parental cultivars and each RILwere harvested in 35d after heading. The germination percentage of these seeds at 30℃for 7 days were measured as the degree of seed dormancy. QTL analysis was performed withWindows QTL Cartographer 1.13a program by composite interval mapping. A total of four QTLfor seed dormancy were detected on chromosome 2 (two regions), 5 and 11, respectively.Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 8.37 to 17.40%. Responses of suchloci to a dormancy-breaking treatment with dry heat were further detected. The resultsshowed that two alleles of qDOR-2-1 and qDOR-5 from DV85 as well as the allele of qDOR-11 from Kinmaze increased the seed dormancy, which seemed to be easily broken by dry heattreatment. Such loci of seed dormancy may be applied to rice genetic improvement. Theallele of qDOR-2-2 from DV85 increased the seed dormancy, which could not be broken bydry heat treatment.
基金The project supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 10274089) National High Technology Program of China
文摘1.5MW Ion Cyclotron Wave Heating system was developed, the transmitter and the antenna both have their ground loops, which will severely perturb the system’s normal operation. To avoid perturbation, a DC break was designed. The S parameter and the VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) of incident port were calculated; the thermal effect caused by conductor loss and dielectric loss was analyzed.
文摘【目的】观察针刺治疗肝经郁热型干眼症的疗效及其对焦虑情绪的影响。【方法】将78例肝经郁热型干眼症患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各39例。对照组给予聚乙烯醇滴眼液滴眼治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用针刺治疗,疗程为1个月。观察2组患者治疗前后主观症状评分、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)、泪液分泌试验(Schirmer I test,SIT)、角膜荧光染色结果(fluorescein,FL)评分以及焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分的变化情况,并评价2组患者的临床疗效和焦虑改善疗效。【结果】(1)治疗1个月后,观察组的总有效率为89.74%(35/39),对照组为71.79%(28/39),组间比较,观察组的总有效率(χ^(2)检验)和总体疗效(秩和检验)均优于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)治疗后,2组患者的眼睛干燥感、异物感、疲劳感、烧灼感、不适感、视力波动等各项主观症状评分及总积分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组的降低作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)治疗后,2组患者的BUT、SIT、FL评分均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组的改善作用均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(4)治疗后,2组患者的SAS评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组的降低作用明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(5)治疗后,观察组的焦虑恢复正常率为89.29%(25/28),对照组为48.15%(13/27),组间比较(χ^(2)检验),观察组的焦虑改善疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】在人工泪液治疗基础上加用针刺治疗肝经郁热型干眼症患者疗效确切,可有效改善患者临床症状和焦虑情绪,其疗效优于单纯人工泪液治疗。
