One of the common characteristics of the electrothermal breakdown in an underwater discharge acoustic source（UDAS） is the existence of a pre-breakdown-heating phase.In our experiment,two phenomena were observed：（1...One of the common characteristics of the electrothermal breakdown in an underwater discharge acoustic source（UDAS） is the existence of a pre-breakdown-heating phase.In our experiment,two phenomena were observed：（1） the breakdown time that takes on high randomicity and obeys a ＂double-peak＂ stochastic distribution;（2） the higher salt concentration that reduces the residual voltage and causes 100% non-breakdown.The mechanism of electrothermal breakdown is analysed.To specify the end of the pre-breakdown-heating phase,a ＂border boiling＂ assumption is proposed,in which the breakdown time is assumed to be the time needed to heat the border water around the initial arc to 773 K.Based on this ＇border boiling＇ assumption,the numerical simulation is performed to evaluate the effects of two heating mechanisms：the Joule heating from the ionic current,and the radiation heating from the initial arc.The simulation results verify the theoretical explanations to these two experiment phenomena：（1） the stochastic distribution of the radius of the initial arc results in the randomicity of the breakdown time;（2） the difference in efficiency between the radiation heating and the Joule heating determines that,in the case of higher salt concentration,more energy will be consumed in the pre-breakdown-heating phase.展开更多
Long-term research has been done on the unstable behaviors and electron emission from microprotrusions, but the whole reason is still not clear. It is difficult to study instabilities experimentally since vacuum break...Long-term research has been done on the unstable behaviors and electron emission from microprotrusions, but the whole reason is still not clear. It is difficult to study instabilities experimentally since vacuum breakdown can happen. In this model, we show the factors that lead to thermal instability during field emission. After the Nottingham flux inversion, we see a considerable rise in temperature above a threshold electric field, followed by a thermal runaway. Cathode spots experience unexpected thermal defects and breakdowns, which is a phenomenon known as the Nottingham Inversion Instability. Although the idea of micro protrusions is frequently used in modeling studies, this study concentrates on the thermal effects during field emission from a planar cathode without taking the existence of such protrusions into account. The study reveals how Nottingham’s heating effect changes from heating to cooling. In our study, we have investigated the interaction between Nottingham, Joule heating, and effective work function. The results also imply that faster reaching critical temperature is associated with larger maximum beta values. These discoveries have significance for the design and improvement of high-voltage systems and help to understand vacuum breakdown. The possibility of cathode spot ignition and subsequent vacuum breakdown is predicted by our model, which would make it possible to create a self-consistent model for that.展开更多
A non-depletion floating layer silicon-on-insulator （NFL SOI） lateral double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor （LDMOS） is proposed and the NFL-assisted modulated field （NFLAMF） principle is investigated in th...A non-depletion floating layer silicon-on-insulator （NFL SOI） lateral double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor （LDMOS） is proposed and the NFL-assisted modulated field （NFLAMF） principle is investigated in this paper. Based on this principle, the floating layer can pin the potential for modulating bulk field. In particular, the accumulated high concentration of holes at the bottom of the NFL can efficiently shield the electric field of the SOI layer and enhance the dielectric field in the buried oxide layer （BOX）. At variation of back-gate bias, the shielding charges of NFL can also eliminate back-gate effects. The simulated results indicate that the breakdown voltage （BV） is increased from 315 V to 558 V compared to the conventional reduced surface field （RESURF） SOI （CSOI） LDMOS, yielding a 77% improvement. Furthermore, due to the field shielding effect of the NFL, the device can maintain the same breakdown voltage of 558 V with a thinner BOX to resolve the thermal problem in an SOI device.展开更多
利用搭建的高压击穿电热致裂煤体试验系统,以贵州林华煤矿的无烟煤为研究对象,研究了在空气环境下高压击穿电热致裂煤体的可行性,并对高压击穿电热致裂煤体的宏观和微观特征进行了研究。实验结果表明,在针-针电极下,空气介质的击穿场强...利用搭建的高压击穿电热致裂煤体试验系统,以贵州林华煤矿的无烟煤为研究对象,研究了在空气环境下高压击穿电热致裂煤体的可行性,并对高压击穿电热致裂煤体的宏观和微观特征进行了研究。实验结果表明,在针-针电极下,空气介质的击穿场强为18.0～18.3 k V/cm,煤体的击穿场强为0.3～0.8 k V/cm,无烟煤的击穿场强小于空气的击穿场强。在相同条件下,各个煤样的击穿电压和破坏特征均不相同,击穿电压在20～41 k V,煤样主要有3种破坏类型。高压击穿电热致裂煤体过程中,等离子体通道位置的煤样呈现出烧灼状态,形成了大量裂隙和孔隙。同时,等离子通道周围煤体在高温条件下发生氧化反应,形成了新的氧化产物。展开更多
文摘One of the common characteristics of the electrothermal breakdown in an underwater discharge acoustic source（UDAS） is the existence of a pre-breakdown-heating phase.In our experiment,two phenomena were observed：（1） the breakdown time that takes on high randomicity and obeys a ＂double-peak＂ stochastic distribution;（2） the higher salt concentration that reduces the residual voltage and causes 100% non-breakdown.The mechanism of electrothermal breakdown is analysed.To specify the end of the pre-breakdown-heating phase,a ＂border boiling＂ assumption is proposed,in which the breakdown time is assumed to be the time needed to heat the border water around the initial arc to 773 K.Based on this ＇border boiling＇ assumption,the numerical simulation is performed to evaluate the effects of two heating mechanisms：the Joule heating from the ionic current,and the radiation heating from the initial arc.The simulation results verify the theoretical explanations to these two experiment phenomena：（1） the stochastic distribution of the radius of the initial arc results in the randomicity of the breakdown time;（2） the difference in efficiency between the radiation heating and the Joule heating determines that,in the case of higher salt concentration,more energy will be consumed in the pre-breakdown-heating phase.
文摘Long-term research has been done on the unstable behaviors and electron emission from microprotrusions, but the whole reason is still not clear. It is difficult to study instabilities experimentally since vacuum breakdown can happen. In this model, we show the factors that lead to thermal instability during field emission. After the Nottingham flux inversion, we see a considerable rise in temperature above a threshold electric field, followed by a thermal runaway. Cathode spots experience unexpected thermal defects and breakdowns, which is a phenomenon known as the Nottingham Inversion Instability. Although the idea of micro protrusions is frequently used in modeling studies, this study concentrates on the thermal effects during field emission from a planar cathode without taking the existence of such protrusions into account. The study reveals how Nottingham’s heating effect changes from heating to cooling. In our study, we have investigated the interaction between Nottingham, Joule heating, and effective work function. The results also imply that faster reaching critical temperature is associated with larger maximum beta values. These discoveries have significance for the design and improvement of high-voltage systems and help to understand vacuum breakdown. The possibility of cathode spot ignition and subsequent vacuum breakdown is predicted by our model, which would make it possible to create a self-consistent model for that.
文摘A non-depletion floating layer silicon-on-insulator （NFL SOI） lateral double-diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor （LDMOS） is proposed and the NFL-assisted modulated field （NFLAMF） principle is investigated in this paper. Based on this principle, the floating layer can pin the potential for modulating bulk field. In particular, the accumulated high concentration of holes at the bottom of the NFL can efficiently shield the electric field of the SOI layer and enhance the dielectric field in the buried oxide layer （BOX）. At variation of back-gate bias, the shielding charges of NFL can also eliminate back-gate effects. The simulated results indicate that the breakdown voltage （BV） is increased from 315 V to 558 V compared to the conventional reduced surface field （RESURF） SOI （CSOI） LDMOS, yielding a 77% improvement. Furthermore, due to the field shielding effect of the NFL, the device can maintain the same breakdown voltage of 558 V with a thinner BOX to resolve the thermal problem in an SOI device.
文摘利用搭建的高压击穿电热致裂煤体试验系统,以贵州林华煤矿的无烟煤为研究对象,研究了在空气环境下高压击穿电热致裂煤体的可行性,并对高压击穿电热致裂煤体的宏观和微观特征进行了研究。实验结果表明,在针-针电极下,空气介质的击穿场强为18.0～18.3 k V/cm,煤体的击穿场强为0.3～0.8 k V/cm,无烟煤的击穿场强小于空气的击穿场强。在相同条件下,各个煤样的击穿电压和破坏特征均不相同,击穿电压在20～41 k V,煤样主要有3种破坏类型。高压击穿电热致裂煤体过程中,等离子体通道位置的煤样呈现出烧灼状态,形成了大量裂隙和孔隙。同时,等离子通道周围煤体在高温条件下发生氧化反应,形成了新的氧化产物。
