In thermal systems such as solar thermal and waste heat recovery systems, the available energy supply does not usually coincide in time with the process demand. Hence some form of thermal energy storage (TES) is neces...In thermal systems such as solar thermal and waste heat recovery systems, the available energy supply does not usually coincide in time with the process demand. Hence some form of thermal energy storage (TES) is necessary for the most effective utilization of the energy source. This study deals with the experimental evaluation of thermal performance of a packed bed latent heat TES unit integrated with solar flat plate collector. The TES unit contains paraffin as phase change material (PCM) filled in spherical capsules, which are packed in an insulated cylindrical storage tank. The water used as heat transfer fluid (HTF) to transfer heat from the solar collector to the storage tank also acts as sensible heat storage material. Charging experiments were carried out at varying inlet fluid temperatures to examine the effects of porosity and HTF flow rate on the storage unit performance. The performance parameters such as instantaneous heat stored, cumulative heat stored, charging rate and system efficiency are studied. Discharging experiments were carried out by both continuous and batchwise processes to recover the stored heat, and the results are presented.展开更多
In the field of heat pumps,there are a number of parameters that affect the performance and efficiency of the apparatus,which have been the subject of studies by individual researchers in the literature.This study des...In the field of heat pumps,there are a number of parameters that affect the performance and efficiency of the apparatus,which have been the subject of studies by individual researchers in the literature.This study describes an experimental method in order to investigate the effects of some significant parameters on heat pump performance.In this regard,a laboratory heat pump setup has been utilized to operate in different working conditions for achieving an appropriate estimation to find out effects of mentioned parameters such as refrigerant type and charge amount,compressor oil viscosity,compressor cooling fan,secondary fluids temperature and flow rate.Different refrigerants have been selected and used as circulating fluid in the installed heat pump.Although this work has been devoted to a detailed attempt to recognize the effects of various parameters on the coefficient of performance(COP) value,an appropriate method has been carried out to survey the obtained results by using economic analysis.It was revealed that one of the main parameters is refrigerant charge amount which has a notable effect on COP.The temperature of the heat source was also tested and the performance of the system increased by more than 11% by employing mentioned modifications and various operating conditions.In addition,by selecting a low viscosity compressor oil,the system performance increased by 18%.This improvement is more than 6% for the case that cooling fan is installed to cool the compressor element.展开更多
A thermal heat storage system with an energy content of 40 kWh and a temperature of 58°C will be presented. This storage system is suitable for supporting the use of renewable energies in buildings and for absorb...A thermal heat storage system with an energy content of 40 kWh and a temperature of 58°C will be presented. This storage system is suitable for supporting the use of renewable energies in buildings and for absorbing solar heat, heat from co-generation and heat pumps or electric heat from excess wind and solar power. The storage system is equipped with a plate heat exchanger that is so powerful that even with small temperature differences between the flow temperature and the storage temperature a high load dynamic is achieved. The storage system has a performance of 2.8 kW at 4 K and 10.6 kW at a temperature difference of 10 K. Thus, large performance variations in solar thermal systems or CHP plants can be buffered very well. Further a storage charge function Q(T, t) will be presented to characterize the performance of the storage.展开更多
Microplasmas are very interesting due to their unique properties and achievable regimes maintained at atmospheric pressures. Due to the small scales, numerical modeling could contribute to the understanding of underly...Microplasmas are very interesting due to their unique properties and achievable regimes maintained at atmospheric pressures. Due to the small scales, numerical modeling could contribute to the understanding of underlying phenomena as it provides access to local parameters--and complements experimental global characteristics. A self-consistent formalism, applied to nanosecond pulsed atmospheric non-equilibrium helium plasmas, reveals that several successive discharges can persist as a result of a combined volume and dielectric surface effects. The valuable insights provided by the spatiotemporal simulation results show the critical importance of coupled gas and plasma dynamics--namely gas heating and electric field reversals.展开更多
The application of air conditioning heat pump(ACHP) in electric vehicles could lead to significant electrical power saving effect. As for an air conditioning heat pump system for electric vehicles, the influence of re...The application of air conditioning heat pump(ACHP) in electric vehicles could lead to significant electrical power saving effect. As for an air conditioning heat pump system for electric vehicles, the influence of refrigerant charge amount should be investigated during the design phase. In this study, experimental method was employed to investigate the influence of the refrigerant charge amount on the performance of the ACHP system. The results showed that the refrigerant charge amount had different influence on the refrigerant properties at various locations within the system. The coefficient of performance and pressure-enthalpy diagram were calculated, and showed a close relationship with refrigerant charge amount under different compressor speeds. The degree of subcooling and the degree of superheating were recorded and the critical charge amount was determined by a typical practical test method. In addition, the critical refrigerant charge amount determined by the experimental method was also compared with two typical void fraction correlation models, and the model with consideration of two phase stream reaction of the refrigerant showed a good estimation accuracy on the critical charge amount.展开更多
Microstructure and property of sulfur/carbon black composites prepared by ball milling were studied.Sulfur/carbon black composites were obtained by melting the mixture of sulfur and carbon black in 155℃and dispersing...Microstructure and property of sulfur/carbon black composites prepared by ball milling were studied.Sulfur/carbon black composites were obtained by melting the mixture of sulfur and carbon black in 155℃and dispersing evenly in carbon black after hydrothermal reaction.Thus,its conductive properties were improved.Moreover,microstructure and property of honeycomb sulfur/carbon black/MoS_(2) prepared by hydrothermal method as a cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries were studied.The initial discharge specific capacity of the material at 0.2 A/g current density is 838.495 mA·h/g,and the 55.14%after 100 weeks of cycling.It is indicated that MoS_(2) can not only combine with polysulfides through electrostatic action or the action of chemical bonds,but also honeycomb porous structure.MoS_(2) can fix polysulfides groups and prevent their shuttle.Therefore,the cycling performance of the battery is effectively improved.展开更多
为探索多能互补的清洁能源供暖技术,满足北京市村镇分散式建筑清洁供暖需求,在北京农村地区建设太阳能-地源热泵复合式系统,进行太阳能补热热泵供暖实验,并利用COMSOL软件开展地温场热均衡模拟研究。结果表明:相较单一地源热泵系统,太...为探索多能互补的清洁能源供暖技术,满足北京市村镇分散式建筑清洁供暖需求,在北京农村地区建设太阳能-地源热泵复合式系统,进行太阳能补热热泵供暖实验,并利用COMSOL软件开展地温场热均衡模拟研究。结果表明:相较单一地源热泵系统,太阳能补热热泵供暖方案下,地源侧出水温度提升23%,系统制热能效比(Coefficient of Performance,COP)和机组COP分别提升19%、25%;系统运行10 a,地源热泵系统单季节运行方案下总的取热量要多于间歇期自然恢复量,地温场总均衡为-8.91×10^(9)kJ;单一地源热泵方式运行和太阳能补热方式运行在双季节情况下总的取热量小于总的排热量,地温场总均衡分别为4.220×10^(9)、1.084×10^(10)kJ。因此,双季节运行方案对地温场不会产生负均衡,反而会对地温场有一定的热量补充。地源热泵系统运行中加入太阳能补热,对地温场的影响更小,可显著提升系统和机组效率,该模式适用于北京农村地区特别是供暖需求较大的建筑。展开更多
首先,以Li_(2)CO_(3),NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4),Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O,葡萄糖、无水乙醇为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法合成FePO_(4)前驱体,再采用碳热还原法制备了碳包覆的LiFePO_(4)(简称为LFP/C);然后,考察了葡萄糖作为碳源时碳包覆量对LFP/...首先,以Li_(2)CO_(3),NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4),Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O,葡萄糖、无水乙醇为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法合成FePO_(4)前驱体,再采用碳热还原法制备了碳包覆的LiFePO_(4)(简称为LFP/C);然后,考察了葡萄糖作为碳源时碳包覆量对LFP/C相纯度、粒径、形貌等的影响,并评价了LFP/C作为正极的锂离子电池的电化学性能。结果表明:当碳包覆量过少或过多时,均不利于LFP/C的高温成型过程,在Fe∶Li∶C(摩尔比)为1.00∶1.02∶0.15时,制得的LFP/C-2纯度更高、分散性更好、颗粒更均匀;以LFP/C-2作为正极制作的锂离子电池,在0.2 C充放电倍率下的初始充放电比容量分别为152.20,132.73 m Ah/g,首次充放电效率达91.20%,并且在10.0 C充放电倍率下的充放电比容量能保持在94.70 m Ah/g。展开更多
基金Project supported by Sri Venkateswara college of Engineering,India.
文摘In thermal systems such as solar thermal and waste heat recovery systems, the available energy supply does not usually coincide in time with the process demand. Hence some form of thermal energy storage (TES) is necessary for the most effective utilization of the energy source. This study deals with the experimental evaluation of thermal performance of a packed bed latent heat TES unit integrated with solar flat plate collector. The TES unit contains paraffin as phase change material (PCM) filled in spherical capsules, which are packed in an insulated cylindrical storage tank. The water used as heat transfer fluid (HTF) to transfer heat from the solar collector to the storage tank also acts as sensible heat storage material. Charging experiments were carried out at varying inlet fluid temperatures to examine the effects of porosity and HTF flow rate on the storage unit performance. The performance parameters such as instantaneous heat stored, cumulative heat stored, charging rate and system efficiency are studied. Discharging experiments were carried out by both continuous and batchwise processes to recover the stored heat, and the results are presented.
文摘In the field of heat pumps,there are a number of parameters that affect the performance and efficiency of the apparatus,which have been the subject of studies by individual researchers in the literature.This study describes an experimental method in order to investigate the effects of some significant parameters on heat pump performance.In this regard,a laboratory heat pump setup has been utilized to operate in different working conditions for achieving an appropriate estimation to find out effects of mentioned parameters such as refrigerant type and charge amount,compressor oil viscosity,compressor cooling fan,secondary fluids temperature and flow rate.Different refrigerants have been selected and used as circulating fluid in the installed heat pump.Although this work has been devoted to a detailed attempt to recognize the effects of various parameters on the coefficient of performance(COP) value,an appropriate method has been carried out to survey the obtained results by using economic analysis.It was revealed that one of the main parameters is refrigerant charge amount which has a notable effect on COP.The temperature of the heat source was also tested and the performance of the system increased by more than 11% by employing mentioned modifications and various operating conditions.In addition,by selecting a low viscosity compressor oil,the system performance increased by 18%.This improvement is more than 6% for the case that cooling fan is installed to cool the compressor element.
文摘A thermal heat storage system with an energy content of 40 kWh and a temperature of 58°C will be presented. This storage system is suitable for supporting the use of renewable energies in buildings and for absorbing solar heat, heat from co-generation and heat pumps or electric heat from excess wind and solar power. The storage system is equipped with a plate heat exchanger that is so powerful that even with small temperature differences between the flow temperature and the storage temperature a high load dynamic is achieved. The storage system has a performance of 2.8 kW at 4 K and 10.6 kW at a temperature difference of 10 K. Thus, large performance variations in solar thermal systems or CHP plants can be buffered very well. Further a storage charge function Q(T, t) will be presented to characterize the performance of the storage.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)-Discovery Grant(No.342369)
文摘Microplasmas are very interesting due to their unique properties and achievable regimes maintained at atmospheric pressures. Due to the small scales, numerical modeling could contribute to the understanding of underlying phenomena as it provides access to local parameters--and complements experimental global characteristics. A self-consistent formalism, applied to nanosecond pulsed atmospheric non-equilibrium helium plasmas, reveals that several successive discharges can persist as a result of a combined volume and dielectric surface effects. The valuable insights provided by the spatiotemporal simulation results show the critical importance of coupled gas and plasma dynamics--namely gas heating and electric field reversals.
基金supported by The Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Fire Science (No. HZ2018-KF03)Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 18YF1417900)Huaqiao University Scientific Research Foundation (No. 16BS801)
文摘The application of air conditioning heat pump(ACHP) in electric vehicles could lead to significant electrical power saving effect. As for an air conditioning heat pump system for electric vehicles, the influence of refrigerant charge amount should be investigated during the design phase. In this study, experimental method was employed to investigate the influence of the refrigerant charge amount on the performance of the ACHP system. The results showed that the refrigerant charge amount had different influence on the refrigerant properties at various locations within the system. The coefficient of performance and pressure-enthalpy diagram were calculated, and showed a close relationship with refrigerant charge amount under different compressor speeds. The degree of subcooling and the degree of superheating were recorded and the critical charge amount was determined by a typical practical test method. In addition, the critical refrigerant charge amount determined by the experimental method was also compared with two typical void fraction correlation models, and the model with consideration of two phase stream reaction of the refrigerant showed a good estimation accuracy on the critical charge amount.
文摘Microstructure and property of sulfur/carbon black composites prepared by ball milling were studied.Sulfur/carbon black composites were obtained by melting the mixture of sulfur and carbon black in 155℃and dispersing evenly in carbon black after hydrothermal reaction.Thus,its conductive properties were improved.Moreover,microstructure and property of honeycomb sulfur/carbon black/MoS_(2) prepared by hydrothermal method as a cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries were studied.The initial discharge specific capacity of the material at 0.2 A/g current density is 838.495 mA·h/g,and the 55.14%after 100 weeks of cycling.It is indicated that MoS_(2) can not only combine with polysulfides through electrostatic action or the action of chemical bonds,but also honeycomb porous structure.MoS_(2) can fix polysulfides groups and prevent their shuttle.Therefore,the cycling performance of the battery is effectively improved.
文摘为探索多能互补的清洁能源供暖技术,满足北京市村镇分散式建筑清洁供暖需求,在北京农村地区建设太阳能-地源热泵复合式系统,进行太阳能补热热泵供暖实验,并利用COMSOL软件开展地温场热均衡模拟研究。结果表明:相较单一地源热泵系统,太阳能补热热泵供暖方案下,地源侧出水温度提升23%,系统制热能效比(Coefficient of Performance,COP)和机组COP分别提升19%、25%;系统运行10 a,地源热泵系统单季节运行方案下总的取热量要多于间歇期自然恢复量,地温场总均衡为-8.91×10^(9)kJ;单一地源热泵方式运行和太阳能补热方式运行在双季节情况下总的取热量小于总的排热量,地温场总均衡分别为4.220×10^(9)、1.084×10^(10)kJ。因此,双季节运行方案对地温场不会产生负均衡,反而会对地温场有一定的热量补充。地源热泵系统运行中加入太阳能补热,对地温场的影响更小,可显著提升系统和机组效率,该模式适用于北京农村地区特别是供暖需求较大的建筑。
文摘首先,以Li_(2)CO_(3),NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4),Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O,葡萄糖、无水乙醇为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法合成FePO_(4)前驱体,再采用碳热还原法制备了碳包覆的LiFePO_(4)(简称为LFP/C);然后,考察了葡萄糖作为碳源时碳包覆量对LFP/C相纯度、粒径、形貌等的影响,并评价了LFP/C作为正极的锂离子电池的电化学性能。结果表明:当碳包覆量过少或过多时,均不利于LFP/C的高温成型过程,在Fe∶Li∶C(摩尔比)为1.00∶1.02∶0.15时,制得的LFP/C-2纯度更高、分散性更好、颗粒更均匀;以LFP/C-2作为正极制作的锂离子电池,在0.2 C充放电倍率下的初始充放电比容量分别为152.20,132.73 m Ah/g,首次充放电效率达91.20%,并且在10.0 C充放电倍率下的充放电比容量能保持在94.70 m Ah/g。
