Differential Quadrature Method for Steady Flow of an Incompressible Second-Order Viscoelastic Fluid and Heat Transfer Model

The two-dimensional steady flow of an incompressible second-order viscoelastic fluid between two parallel plates was studied in terms of vorticity, the stream function and temperature equations. The governing equations were expanded with respect to a snmll parameter to get the zeroth- and first-order approximate equations. By using the differenl2al quadrature method with only a few grid points, the high-accurate numerical results were obtained.

Delaware Method Improvement for the Shell and Tubes Heat Exchanger Design

In this paper the Delaware Method published in 1963 is analyzed and upgraded with using correction factors which take into account the undesirable currents of the mean flow. However, this method presents graphically these correction factors which imply an impediment to fulfill the software calculations. Thus, the equations corresponding to the correction factor equations and a Fortran 77 numerical program were established. This system is given to explore different design alternatives in order to find the optimal solution to each proposed problem. The results of this work was a simple software that can perform calculations with the introduction of parameters depending only on the geometry of the heat exchanger, i.e., geometry, temperature and fluid characteristics eliminating the human errors and increasing the calculations speed and accuracy.

Numerical simulation of boundary heat flow effects on directional solidification microstructure of a binary alloy

The boundary heat flow has important significance for the microstructures of directional solidified binary alloy.Interface evolution of the directional solidified microstructure with different boundary heat flow was discussed.In this study, only one interface was allowed to have heat flow, and Neumann boundary conditions were imposed at the other three interfaces.From the calculated results, it was found that different boundary heat flows will result in different microstructures.When the boundary heat flow equals to 20 W·cm-2, the growth of longitudinal side branches is accelerated and the growth of transverse side branches is restrained, and meanwhile, there is dendritic remelting in the calculation domain.When the boundary heat flow equals to 40 W·cm-2, the growths of the transverse and longitudinal side branches compete with each other, and when the boundary heat flow equals to 100-200 W·cm-2, the growth of transverse side branches dominates absolutely.The temperature field of dendritic growth was analyzed and the relation between boundary heat flow and temperature field was also investigated.

Flow and heat transfer over hyperbolic stretching sheets

The boundary layer flow and heat transfer analysis of an incompressible viscous fluid for a hyperbolically stretching sheet is presented. The analytical and numer- ical results are obtained by a series expansion method and a local non-similarity （LNS） method, respectively. The analytical and numerical results for the skin friction and the Nusselt number are calculated and compared with each other. The significant observation is that the momentum and the thermal boundary layer thickness decrease as the distance from the leading edge increases. The well-known solution of linear stretching is found as the leading order solution for the hyperbolic stretching.

Series solutions of annular axisymmetric stagnation flow and heat transfer on moving cylinder

The steady, laminar, incompressible flow and heat transfer of a viscous fluid between two circular cylinders for two different types of thermal boundary conditions are investigated. The governing Navier-Stokes and thermal equations of the flow are reduced to a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. The equations are solved analyt- ically using the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. Convergence of the HAM solutions is discussed in detail. These solutions are then compared with recently obtained numericM and perturbative solutions. Plots of the velocity and temperature profiles are provided for various values of the relevant parameters.

Second-order slip MHD flow and heat transfer of nanofluids with thermal radiation and chemical reaction

The effects of the second-order velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions on the magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） flow and heat transfer in the presence of nanoparticle fractions are investigated. In the modeling of the water-based nanofluids containing Cu and A1203, the effects of the Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and thermal radiation are considered. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear differential equations, and the analytical approximations of the solutions axe derived by the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. The reliability and efficiency of the HAM solutions are verified by the residual errors and the numerical results in the literature. Moreover, the effects of the physical factors on the flow and heat transfer are discussed graphically.

Accurate solutions for viscoelastic boundary layer flow and heat transfer over stretching sheet

In this article, we present accurate analytical solutions for boundary layer flow and heat transfer of an incompressible and electrically conducting viscoelastic fluid over a linearly stretching surface subject to a transverse uniform magnetic field using the homotopy analysis method （HAM） for two general types of non-isothermal boundary conditions. In addition, we demonstrate that the previously reported analytical solutions for the temperature field given in terms of Kummer＇s function do not converge at the boundary. We provide a graphical and numerical demonstration of the convergence of the HAM solutions and tabulate the effects of various parameters on the skin friction coefficient and wall heat transfer.

Radiative Heat Transfer and Thermocapillary Effects on the Structure of the Flow during Czochralski Growth of Oxide Crystals

A numerical study was carried out to describe the flow field structure of an oxide melt under 1) the effect of internal radiation through the melt (and the crystal), and 2) the impact of surface tension-driven forces during Czochralski growth process. Throughout the present Finite Volume Method calculations, the melt is a Boussinnesq fluid of Prandtl number 4.69 and the flow is assumed to be in a steady, axisymmetric state. Particular attention is paid to an undulating structure of buoyancy-driven flow that appears in optically thick oxide melts and persists over against forced convection flow caused by the externally imposed rotation of the crystal. In a such wavy pattern of the flow, particularly for a relatively higher Rayleigh number , a small secondary vortex appears nearby the crucible bottom. The structure of the vortex which has been observed experimentally is studied in some details. The present model analysis discloses that, though both of the mechanisms 1) and 2) end up in smearing out the undulating structure of the flow, the effect of thermocapillary forces on the flow pattern is distinguishably different. It is shown that for a given dynamic Bond number, the behavior of the melt is largely modified. The transition corresponds to a jump discontinuity in the magnitude of the flow stream function.

高温界面接触热阻试验

飞行器组件之间不可避免地存在接触热阻,接触热阻的准确获取对热结构细节设计至关重要。针对高温、高压同时作用下接触热阻测量的难题,基于静态热流法自主研制了高温界面接触热阻测量装置。该装置能够有效测得给定界面压力、最高热面温度1500℃固体结构界面间的接触热阻。利用该装置,成功开展了三类热结构组件高温界面接触热阻测量试验,获得了压力、温度和界面粗糙度对结构界面接触热阻的影响规律。试验结果表明,测量装置稳定可靠、温度和压力载荷模拟精度高、试验易实施,试验结果可以为飞行器热结构设计与工程应用提供依据。

Prediction of hypersonic boundary layer transition on sharp wedge flow considering variable specific heat

When the air temperature reaches 600 K or higher, vibration is excited. The specific heat is not a constant but a function of temperature. Under this condition, the transition position of hypersonic sharp wedge boundary layer is predicted by using the improved eN method considering variable specific heat. The transition positions with different Mach numbers of oncoming flow, half wedge angles, and wall conditions are computed condition, the nearer to the Mach number The results show that for the same oncoming flow condition and wall transition positions of hypersonic sharp wedge boundary layer move much leading edge than those of the flat plate. The greater the oncoming flow the closer the transition position to the leading edge.

Magneto Hydrodynamics Stagnation Point Flow of a Nano Fluid over an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with an Effect of Chemical Reaction, Heat Source and Suction/Injunction

A numerical investigation is carried out on the effects of heat source suction and viscous dissipation on Magneto hydrodynamics boundary layer flow of a viscous, steady and incompressible fluid. The flow is assumed to be over on exponentially stretching sheet. The governing system of partial differential equations has been transformed into ordinary differential equation using similarity transformation. Keller box method is simulated on the dimensionless system of differential equations. The skin friction coefficient and the heat and mass transfer rates are very significant parameters that are computed, analysed discussed in detail.

基于归一化原理的流量计群在线核查方法

目前供热系统中的流量计带病工作较多、流量测量数据可信度低、判断流量计工作情况难。本文研究了利用归一化方法解决流量计群的测量数据不闭合问题,给出了流量及热量的修正方法;分析了总流量变化时各热力站的流量比变化率,以及正常运行的流量计的流量比变化率的区间,证明了利用流量比变化率可实现流量计的云在线核查,为保障智慧供热系统中的数据正确及完整提供了简单、实用的方法。

汽轮发电机带有交替径向风道的转子流体与传热耦合分析

针对汽轮发电机带有交替径向通风道的转子发热冷却问题,以一台350 MW水氢氢冷汽轮发电机为研究对象,依据流体力学和传热学的基本理论,首先建立计及旋转的电机全域通风网络模型,采用逐次迭代法计算得到各支路流量和节点压力。其次,建立了带有交替径向风道的发电机转子流体-传热三维物理模型和数学模型,给出了基本假设和相应的边界条件,同时将通风网络计算得到的风速和压力作为转子求解域的耦合边界,采用有限体积法进行求解,计算结果与实测值吻合。然后分析了交替径向风道内流量分配和氢气流动情况,研究了转子内部氢气温度分布和槽楔出风口风温变化规律,探明了转子绕组和铁心轴向温度分布特性,讨论了副槽入口流量和槽楔出口直径对转子流体和温度的影响。得出副槽入口流量应控制在0.1~0.16 m^(3)/s范围内,且选择较小的槽楔出口直径,可以提高通风系统的效率与风量分配均匀性,降低转子轴向热不平衡。

基于TRNSYS太阳能地源热泵供暖系统仿真研究

利用DEST建筑能耗模拟软件,对张家口市某建筑进行全年逐时热负荷模拟,利用太阳能和地热能两种可再生能源作为供暖热源,以TRNSYS建立太阳能地源热泵系统仿真模型,在供暖期采用定流量和变流量两种不同的系统运行方式进行模拟分析,分析结果表明,两种供暖系统COP分别为3.74和4.29。采用定流量方式运行时,循环水泵总能耗为9610.87kW/h,热泵机组总能耗为26122.69kW/h,系统总能耗为35733.56kW/h。负荷侧采取变流量方式运行时循环水泵总能耗为6229.89kW/h,热泵机组总能耗为24961.36kW/h,系统总能耗为31191.25kW/h。根据结果可看出,相对于定流量运行,用户侧变流量运行下系统COP提高14.7%,系统总能耗减少14.56%。负荷侧变流量运行下太阳能地源热泵系统整体性能更优。

含肋柱微通道换热器内纳米氧化铝流体流动传热特性研究

陶瓷工业的节能降碳对于环境保护和可持续发展具有重要意义,而余热回收是实现节能降碳的有效途径,为了提升陶瓷窑炉中烟气余热的回收效率,研究将纳米陶瓷氧化铝粉和水组成的Al_(2)O_(3)-水纳米陶瓷流体与肋柱结合来协同强化微通道换热器换热性能。采用了非正交多松弛(MRT)格子玻尔兹曼方法(LBM)研究了含肋柱的微通道内Al_(2)O_(3)-水纳米陶瓷流体的流动传热特性,并通过与前人相关工作结果进行对比验证了该模型的准确性与可靠性。具体研究了在肋柱换热总面积不变的情况下,不同肋柱高度hi以及纳米颗粒体积分数φ对微通道流动传热特性的影响。研究结果表明,与平直流道相比,肋柱的加入显著增强了微通道的换热性能。此外,随着φ增大,微通道换热性能增强。在肋柱换热总面积不变的情况下,随着hi的增大,微通道换热性能逐渐减弱,当hi为0.3125时热性能因数TPF最大,综合传热性能与压力损失的表现最好。虽然添加肋柱使得微通道传热性能得到提升,但综合压力损失与传热性能却小于平直表面。研究结果能对微通道换热器内的结构设计与优化提供一定参考。

微通道中一类生物流体在高Zeta势下的电渗流及传热特性

在高壁面Zeta势下,研究滑移边界条件下满足牛顿流体模型的一类生物流体的电渗流动及传热特性,流体在外加电场、磁场和焦耳加热共同作用下流动.首先,在不使用Debye-Hückel线性近似条件时,利用切比雪夫谱方法给出非线性Poisson-Boltzmann方程和流函数满足的四阶微分方程及热能方程的数值解,将所得结果与利用Debye-Hückel线性近似所得结果进行比较,证明本文数值方法的有效性.其次,讨论电磁环境下壁面Zeta势、哈特曼数H、电渗参数m、滑移参数β对流动特性、泵送特性和捕获现象的影响,并探究焦耳加热参数γ和布林克曼数Br等参数对传热特性的影响.结果表明,壁面Zeta势、电渗参数m、滑移参数β的增大对流体速度有促进作用,而哈特曼数H的增大会抵抗流体流动.研究进一步表明,焦耳加热参数γ和布林克曼数Br的增大会导致温度升高.

基于叠加理论的柱热源模型岩土体热响应试验测试研究

岩土体热物性参数是计算浅层地热能资源量和进行地热能利用规划设计需要的重要参数,为获取岩土体热物性参数,本文基于叠加理论的柱热源模型,分析了换热孔内外相应的传热数学模型及数据拟合计算方法,以江苏省宿迁沭阳城区HRK1号孔为例,采用了恒定热流法试验测试,取得了现场热响应试验测试数据,采用基于叠加理论的柱热源数学模型对数据进行了拟合分析,分析结果表明,当埋管深度98.7 m,初始温度19.80℃,实际平均加热功率为3829 W,平均流量为1.30m^(3)/h(流速为0.68 m/s)时,岩土综合导热系数为2.32 W/(m·K),体积比热容为1.42×10^(3)J/(kg·K),换热孔内总热阻为0.125(m·K)/W。结果表明,基于叠加理论建立的柱热源模型处理现场热响应试验测试数据是可行的,可用于现场热物性测试数据的处理分析。

双支点对转轴承腔两相流动及换热特性的数值研究

为探究双支点对转轴承腔两相流动及换热特性,利用耦合的CLSVOF两相流方法开展数值研究,对比高低压轴同转、对转形式下的轴承腔流动及换热特征,重点探讨对转条件下,高低压轴转速及双侧供油流量对轴承腔壁面油气分布特征与换热特性的影响。结果表明:不同转向下轴承腔壁面油膜形成过程类似,滑油在壁面以油滴、油矢、油带形式分布;同转形式下壁面流线旋向相同,对转形式下壁面流线旋向则相反,对转提高了轴承腔壁面剪切力及湍流强度,平均换热系数相对提升了16.47%;对转转速越大或转速比越高时,壁面滑油体积分数增大而油膜厚度降低,油膜流速平均增加72.95%,双侧供油量或供油流量比越大时,壁面滑油体积分数与油膜厚度均上升,油膜流速平均增加31.02%;增加转速与供油流量均可提高壁面热流密度,增大换热系数,采用双支点对转形式布局能够一定程度提高轴承腔换热性能,有利于保障发动机的安全可靠运转。

空间目标轨道外热流计算及辐射特性研究

本文针对空间目标受到的太阳辐射、地球辐射、地球反照辐射,采用蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo)法,基于非结构四面体网格编写了仿真程序,并对计算结果进行了对比验证。进一步地,对太阳同步轨道卫星受到的轨道外热流,采用带帆板的网格对有无遮挡情况下各表面受到的轨道外热流进行了分析。结果显示,在对地模式下考虑遮挡后,−Y表面平均热流值降低了53.79 W/m^(2),+Y−Z侧帆板表面平均热流值降低了32.05 W/m^(2)。结合表面材料属性,分析了各表面的温度特性,并结合帆板温度的在轨遥测数据,验证了计算的准确性。最后,计算了两种模式下各方向的红外辐射强度。结果表明,不同观测模式下各表面受热流的影响不同,对地模式下各表面温度随时间变化较大,而对日模式下各表面热流较为稳定。两种模式下,太阳能帆板的温度较高,辐射强度较大,具有明显的红外特征,便于开展红外观测。