Study on the automatic process of line heating for pillow shape plate

This paper focuses on the process for pillow shape plate by line heating technique, which is widely applied in the production of ship hull. Based on the analysis of primary parameters and experimental data in line heating process, the amount of local contraction generated by line heating has been illustrated. Then, combining with the computational result of local deformation determined by shell plate development, an optimization method for line heating parameters has been studied. This prediction system may provide rational arrangements of heating lines and technical parameters of process. By integrating the prediction system into the line heating robot for pillow shape plate, the automatic process of line heating for pillow shape plate can be achieved.

Feasibility Research on Application of a High Frequency Induction Heat to Line Heating Technology

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of high-frequency induction heat for the line heating process through a series of experimental studies and numerical calculations. The results show that the heating temperature of induction heating meets the demands of steel plate bending, and the deformation of a steel plate heated by induction heating can achieve the same effect as flame heating. Meanwhile, the finite element model of moving induction heating of the plate is developed, and the comparison of the residual strain fields and transverse shrinkage between these two kinds of heating shows that great similarity has been achieved.

Study of automatic designing of line heating technique parameters

Based on experimental data of line heating, the methods of vector mapping, plane projection, and coordinate converting are presented to establish the spectra for line heating distortion discipline which shows the relationship between process parameters and distortion parameters of line heating. Back-propagation network （BP-net） is used to modify tile spectra. Mathematical models for optimizing line heating techniques parameters, which include two-objective functions, are constructed. To convert the multi-objective optimization into a single-objective one, the method of changifig weight coefficient is used, and then the individual fitness function is built up, Taking the number of heating lines, distance between the heating lines＇ border （line space）, and shrink quantity of lines as three restrictive conditions, a hierarchy genetic algorithm （HGA） code is established by making use of information provided by the spectra, in which inner coding and outer coding adopt different heredity arithmetic operators in inherent operating, The numerical example shows that the spectra for line heating distortion discipline presented here can provide accurate information required by techniques parameter prediction of line heating process and the technique parameter optimization method based on HGA provided here can obtain good results for hull plate.

Impact of Viscous Dissipation and Ohmic Heating on Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Thermo-Magneto Generated Plume

The present investigation centers on the impact of viscous dissipation and ohmic heating on the plume generated by a line heat source under the impact of an aligned magnetic field.In this study,the flow model is adapted to incorporate ohmic heating and viscous dissipation by including the respective terms in the energy equation.A mathematical model is formulated as a system of coupled partial differential equations to analyze the flow problem.Subsequently,a numerical solution is derived with stream function formulation for the system of coupled partial differential equations,which transmutes it into ordinary differential equations.To achieve this,the numerical properties of the problem are established through the utilization of the Shooting method in tandem with the MATLAB tool bvp4c.The graphical representations of both missing and specified boundary conditions depict the effects of the magnetic parameter,viscous dissipation variable,magnetic force parameter,Prandtl number,and magnetic Prandtl number.These are accompanied by a discussion of their respective physical implications.The observed results claimed that the velocity,current density,and temperature distribution decrease for enhancing magnetic parameters.Meanwhile,the skin friction and magnetic flux drop while the heat transfer rate increases with an increment in magnetic parameters.These fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics were observed to decrease for increasing viscous dissipation.The current work is novel in incorporating ohmic heating viscous dissipation in energy equations coupled with Max-well and magnetic induction equations.

Mapping QTLs for Heat Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) at Heading Stage Using Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines

In the present study, a japonica rice （ Oryza sativa L. ） variety Nipponbare, an indica variety 9311 and a set of chromosome segment substitution lines （CSSLs） which were generated using Nipponbare as the recipient parent and 9311 as the donor parent were used as the experimental materials. The CSSLs were grown in 2012 （normal temperature condition） and 2013 （high temperature condition） in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, and were used to map the quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for heat tolerance, based on the heat tolerance index [ （The seed setting rate under normal temperature condition -The seed setting rate under high temper- ature condition） / The seed setting rate under normal temperature condition]. As a result, three QTLs related to heat tolerance in rice were mapped on chromo- somes 2, 4 and 12, respectively. They had LOD （logarithm of rntds） scores of 2.56, 4.02 and 2.79, and contributian rates of 4.95%, 7.99% and 5.44%. Among them, qHT12.1 showed positive effect, while qHT2.1 and qHT4. t showed negative effect on heat tolerance. The results lay a foundation for the fine mapping and cloning of the QTLs and genes related to heat tolerance, and for the breeding of heat-tolerant rice varieties.

Physio Liner义齿软衬材料的临床观察

目的:探讨Physio Liner义齿软衬材料用于全口义齿、游离端义齿修复的临床疗效观察。方法:选择22例下颌牙槽嵴条件差的患者,以前旧义齿固位不好,咀嚼效率低,反复压痛需重新修复的患者,改用Physio Liner软衬材料衬垫的义齿,分别于衬垫后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月行满意度调查。SPSS12.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果:使用义齿软衬材料后,义齿在固位、稳定,咀嚼功能,舒适度等方面均有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:对牙槽嵴条件差的游离端义齿和全口义齿的患者,使用Physio Liner义齿软衬材料,能提高患者使用义齿的满意度。

Thermal Resistance of Common Rice Maintainer and Restorer Lines to High Temperature During Flowering and Early Grain Filling Stages

Fifteen common rice maintainer lines and 26 high-yielding restorer lines were used to evaluate their thermal resistance and fertility during flowering and early grain filling stages. The rice plants were subjected to high temperature stress （39-43 ℃） for 1-15 d from main stem flowering. Based on the heat stress index, they were divided into thermal resistant lines, semi-thermal resistant lines, semi-thermal sensitive lines and thermal sensitive lines. Therefore, the maintainer lines K22B, Bobai B and V20B belonged to thermal resistant lines, whereas 11-32B, Zhongzhe B and Zhong 9B belonged to thermal sensitive lines. For rice restorer lines, Minghui 63 had the highest thermal resistance, followed by R207, P32, P929, and the lowest thermal resistant lines P62-2-2, R8006 and P51. The correlation analysis indicated that the heat stress index was significantly correlated with seed-setting rate and abortive grain rate under heat stress, but not under natural conditions. This indicated that heat stress occurred during flowering and early grain filling stages mainly decreased the seed- setting rate and significantly increased the abortive grain rate in both rice maintainer and restorer lines.

Design of the Transmission Lines for 140 GHz ECRH System on HL-2A

A new 140 GHz/2 MW/3 s electron cyclotron resonance heating （ECRH） system composed of two units is now being constructed on HL-2A. As a part of the system, two trans- mission lines marked No.7 ＆ 8 play the role of carrying microwave power from two gyrotrons to the tokamak port. Based on the oversized circular corrugated waveguide technology, an evacu~ ated transmission system with high power capability and high transmission efficiency is designed. Details are presented for the design of the corrugated waveguide, the layout of the proposed lines and the vacuum pumping system. Then mode conversion losses due to coupling, misalignment, bends and gaps are discussed to serve as a reference for analyzing the transmission efficiency and alignment. Finally, a dual-modes propagation case consisting of the HEll and LPn even modes is discussed.

Systematic variation in observing altitude of enhanced ion line by the pump near fifth gyroharmonic

The observation of ultra high frequency radar during an ionospheric experiment carrying out at the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association, demonstrates a systematic variation in the altitude of the pump enhanced ion line, which is quite remarkably dependent on the pump frequency, that is, when the pump frequency sweeps above the fifth gyroharrnonic, the altitude of the enhanced ion line is ～3 to ～6 kin lower than that at the pump frequency very close to the fifth gyroharmonic. The analysis shows that the systematic variation in the altitude of the pump enhanced ion line is principally dependent on the enhanced electron temperature, although the changes in the profile of the electron density brought about by the ionospheric heating are not independent of those systematic altitude variations.

Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating System on EAST

Ion cyclotron resonance heating （ICRH） system which will provide at least than 10 MW heating power, with a frequency range from 25 MHz to 100 MHz, is being built up for the EAST. The system includes high-power and wide-frequency radio amplifier, transmission line as well as resonant double loop （RDL） antenna. As a part of this system a sub-ICRH system unit with a ultimate output power of 2.5 MW was set up and employed for heating experiment. The maximum of the launched power reached 200 kW in 2008.

稠油井内衬保温油管热损失分析及开采参数优化

针对塔河油田稠油开采过程中原油热量损失大、资源浪费的问题,开展内衬保温油管开采技术研究。基于井筒稳态热传递与地层非稳态热传递理论,建立了稠油井井筒热传递数学模型,评价了不同内衬材料油管的保温性能,揭示了含水率、日产液量及内衬保温油管下深对井筒温度的影响规律。研究表明:内衬聚酮防腐层与气凝胶保温层的保温油管保温性能最佳,日产液量和保温油管下深对井口温度影响较大,含水率对井口温度的影响较小;日产液量大于72 t/d且保温油管下深大于3 500 m时,可满足稠油开采的温度要求。该研究明确了内衬保温油管保温的可行性,可为油田保温油管内衬的选材、稠油开采工艺参数的制订提供技术依据。

美标380HBW级别LH高强热处理钢轨关键技术研究

文章介绍了出口墨西哥380HBW级别LH在线热处理钢轨的生产工艺概况,通过对钢轨微合金化成分设计、冶炼工艺高洁净度控制和精准在线热处理工艺调控,成功批量生产LH在线热处理钢轨。钢轨各项性能满足用户技术要求和AREMA标准要求,通过SGS国际检测认证,满足国外重载铁路大轴重货运列车的运行要求,钢轨已出口至墨西哥、澳大利亚、美国等国家。

基于标准火灾曲线和热释放率的衬砌温度分布数值计算研究

为探明火灾下衬砌温度的分布特性,基于隧道火灾-衬砌辐射对流传热数学模型建立了衬砌温度数值计算方法,并对HC标准火灾曲线和30 MW火灾热释放率火灾工况进行计算分析。结果表明,标准火灾曲线最高温度普遍大于目前我国规范的要求。采用火灾温度作为衬砌壁面边界条件将显著增大衬砌温度荷载,2小时HC火灾曲线和30 MW火灾工况衬砌最高温度分别为778℃和351℃。标准火灾曲线工况衬砌内部的高温影响范围和高温值均显著大于30 MW火灾工况。

S Zorb装置反应器接收器脱气线和再生器取热盘管改造

某公司对S Zorb装置首个运行周期内出现的反应器接收器脱气线泄漏、再生器取热盘管泄漏等运行问题开展了技术攻关,提出了工艺优化调整、工程技术改造建议。2019年大检修时对反应器脱气线进行扩径,由DN100扩径为DN150,控制气提量小于670 m^(3)/h,对再生系统取热蒸汽和再生风流控阀等进行了工程技术改造。第二运行周期未出现脱气线减薄泄漏和再生器取热盘管泄漏问题。2023年6月大检修时对上次大检修改造部位进行检查以验证工程改造的有效性,经全面检查,确认脱气线内部未发现冲刷痕迹,再生器取热盘管打压合格,外观正常,证明改造措施有效,可以满足“四年一修”目标要求。

轴向柱塞泵热特性及热力学建模实验研究

针对轴向柱塞泵在高压和高速工况下发热过快的问题,对柱塞泵热特性和热力学建模进行了仿真分析与实验研究。首先,在摩擦副发热理论基础上,考虑了泵内油液搅动摩擦与轴承摩擦发热源,研究了柱塞泵内发热机理和传热分析的热特性理论;然后,根据柱塞泵部件复杂和固流态域区分度高的特点,阐述了所采用的控制体积法原理,将泵划分为5个控制体积后,建立了以各个控制体温度变化为导向的热力学模型;最后,采用光纤光栅温度传感器和蓝牙无线温度传感器,针对不同的控制体节点设计了传感器封装结构和布置方法,共同组成了轴向柱塞泵在线热监测系统,并进行了在不同压力条件下的对照实验,对理论模型进行了有效性验证与分析。研究结果表明:对比实验和仿真结果,模型温度变化与实际误差值在5%左右,验证了该模型能准确地反映和预测泵热力学变化过程。该结果为柱塞泵热力学状态监测提供了故障诊断基础,并为液压系统热管理系统设计提供了理论基础和设计依据。

不同玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系耐热性的差异比较

【目的】近年来,我国黄淮海夏玉米区高温热害不利天气频发重发,已成为威胁玉米生产的重要不利因素。研究并明确高温胁迫对不同基因型玉米品种雌雄穗及产量的影响,为耐高温玉米品种培育和选择提供参考。【方法】以郑单958(郑58×昌7-2)、先玉335(PH6WC×PH4CV)、京农科728(京MC01×京2416)和MC812(京B547×京2416)及其亲本自交系为供试材料,花期前后(大喇叭口期-吐丝后7 d)进行高温胁迫处理,研究高温胁迫对不同基因型玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系雌雄穗生长发育、散粉吐丝间隔(ASI)、花粉活性、产量及其构成要素的影响。【结果】(1)花期前后高温胁迫导致参试玉米品种及其亲本自交系的穗粒数减少,进而产量降低,且不同品种和自交系对高温胁迫的响应存在显著差异。与对照相比,高温胁迫下,郑单958、先玉335、京农科728和MC812的穗粒数降幅分别为22.28%、46.79%、6.13%和8.11%,产量降幅分别为9.50%、50.61%、3.18%和5.00%,其中,京农科728和MC812减产不显著,而郑单958和先玉335显著减产;亲本自交系中,京2416的穗行数、行粒数和产量降幅最小且不显著,而PH6WC均显著降低且降幅最大。(2)高温胁迫下,参试品种及其亲本自交系的雄穗分支总数、雄穗长度、总散粉量和花粉活性降低,散粉持续期缩短,ASI延长。与对照相比,高温胁迫下,ASI延长1.6 d。雄穗长度降幅表现为郑单958>先玉335>MC812>京农科728。郑单958雄穗长度降幅最大,但雄穗分支数多,花粉量最大;先玉335雄穗分支少,雄穗长度降幅大,花粉量最少且活性最低;京2416总散粉量大且花粉活力强,降幅最小(仅为4.50%和3.98%)。【结论】花期前后高温胁迫对参试玉米品种的籽粒产量和花粉活性等影响较大,京农科728和MC812的产量和花粉活性降幅显著低于先玉335和郑单958,耐热性较好。通过比较参试玉米杂交种亲本自交系的耐热性,父本自交系的耐热性要好于母本自交系。其中,京2416的雄穗分支和长度降幅小,花粉量大,花粉活性高,且花丝茸毛多,捕获花粉能力强,单穗产量高,ASI小,耐热性最好。因此,在耐高温玉米品种选育过程中,要重视和加大对耐热种质(如京2416等)的利用与改良创新,组配选育耐高温玉米新品种。

玉米自交系叶绿素代谢对热胁迫的响应特征

【目的】阐明热胁迫下玉米叶绿素代谢的调控机制,为玉米耐热研究提供科学依据。【方法】以耐热玉米自交系HZ4和热敏感自交系L9K为材料,于喇叭口至开花期进行热胁迫处理,每隔5 d取样1次,共取样6次,测定叶绿素及其前体物质的含量,采用RT-qPCR测定相关基因的相对表达量。【结果】热胁迫导致HZ4和L9K叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素及其合成前体物质原卟啉Ⅸ(protoporphyrinⅨ,ProtoⅨ)、镁原卟啉Ⅸ(Mg-protoporphyrinⅨ,MgPⅨ)和原叶绿素酸酯(protochlorophyllide,Pchlide)的含量显著下降,δ-氨基乙酰丙酸(δ-aminolevulinic acid,ALA)和单卟啉胆色素原(porphobilinogen,PBG)的含量显著升高,且HZ4的变化幅度小于L9K。6个叶绿素合成相关基因(PBGD、UROD、MgPMT、POR、CHLG、CAO)的表达量显著下调,且在HZ4中的表达量显著高于在L9K中的表达量;4个叶绿素降解相关基因(CBR、CLH、PPH、PAO)的表达量显著上调,且在HZ4中的表达量显著低于在L9K中的表达量。【结论】热胁迫通过下调叶绿素合成基因和上调叶绿素降解基因的表达,导致叶绿素含量下降。阻碍位点在PBG向ProtoⅨ转化阶段,其主要原因是PBGD和UROD基因下调表达。基因差异表达是耐热型和热敏感型玉米叶绿素含量存在差异的分子机制。

基于量测和热平衡方程的输电线路温度分段实时估计

输电线路温度是评价线路输送能力的重要指标,可作为线路动态增容的依据,指导电网的实时调度决策。基于量测量和热平衡方程,文中提出一种输电线路温度实时估计模型,将线路温度作为状态量,引入线路动态热平衡方程作为伪量测量。将热平衡方程离散化处理,进而利用交替解法和联立解法求解微分-代数方程组。考虑到长输电线路沿线气象条件的复杂性,将线路分段后引入虚拟节点,利用二端口网络方程计算虚拟节点的量测量,提出一种更为精细化的线路温度分段估计方法。采用改进的IEEE 5节点、IEEE 39节点算例以及实际线路验证了所提算法的有效性。结果表明,所提算法能够适应多种运行场景,实现线路温度的快速准确估计;考虑线路分段后,所提算法能够准确估计各段线路的实时温度轨迹,实用性强。

耐热铝合金导线的耐热机制及其应用研究

研究耐热铝合金导线这类新型导线的发热机制,并探讨其在铁路输电线路中的应用效益。通过查阅相关文献资料,分析梳理这类新型导线的发热机理,并研究其主要性能,最后介绍这类导线在铁路输电线路改造工程中的应用。结果表明,Ф3.0的耐热铝合金单线在高温处理后其抗拉强度仍较高,强度保持率不低于95.4%。60%导电率的钢芯耐热铝合金绞线的耐热性能与钢芯耐热铝合金绞线是一样的,它们的连续允许使用温度都是150℃。与硬铝线相比,耐热铝合金导线在蠕变性能、耐腐蚀性方面都水平相当。经分析2008年山东省M市220 kV铁路输电线路扩容改造工程发现,只更换耐热导线的花费每千米只需45万元,而如果更换全部铁塔,花费为每千米133.9万元。由此可知,耐热铝合金导线具有良好的耐热性能,将其用于线路改造或新建中能有效节省投入费用,效益明显。