The mRNA Expression Profiles of Five Heat Shock Protein Genes from Frankliniella occidentalis at Different Stages and Their Responses to Temperatures and Insecticides

The westem flower thrips, Frankliniella occidental＆ （Pergande） is a highly invasive pest that is able to exploit many crops across a wide range of environmental conditions. Five full-length cDNAs of heat shock protein （HSP） genes （Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, Fo-HSP60, Fo-HSP40 and Fo-HSP28.9） were cloned from F. occidentalis, and their expression profiles were investigated under conditions of thermal stress and insecticide exposure, and at different stages during development, using real-time quantitative PCR. All five gene sequences showed high similarity to homologs in other species, indicating the conserved fimction of this gene family. HSP60 represents an informative phylogenetic marker at the ordinal taxonomic level within Insecta, but HSP90, which has two homologous copies in Hymenoptera, was not informative. The expression of Fo-HSPs under thermal stress suggests that Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, and Fo-HSP28.9 are inducible by both cold and heat stress, Fo-HSP40 is only heat-inducible, and Fo-HSP60 is thermally insensitive. There were two patterns of cold induction of Fo-HSPs： one is from 0 to 4℃ and the other is around -8℃. All five Fo-HSPs genes were induced by exposure to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide avermectin. The expression of the five Fo-HSPs during different developmental stages suggests that they all play a role in development of F. occidentalis.

Effects of temperature on the respiratory metabolism,feeding and expression of three heat shock protein genes in Anadara broughtonii

Anadara broughtonii is one of the main commercially important species of shellfish in northern China.A.broughtonii lives in relatively stable subtidal zone where the clam could respond to environmental changes with minimum energy.Therefore,slight fluctuations in water environment may have a great impact on physiological processes such as feeding and metabolism.Large-scale mortality often occurs during the intermediate rearing processes,and high temperatures in summer are considered the leading cause of mortality.To understand the physiological and molecular response patterns of A.broughtonii at high temperatures and to estimate the appropriate metabolism temperature for A.broughtonii,the effects of temperature on the respiratory metabolism and food intake at different growth stages were studied.The response patterns of heat shock protein genes to heat stress and post-stress recovery were also explored.Results show that the temperature and growth stage of A.broughtonii were two important factors affecting metabolism and feeding.The optimum temperature for feeding and physiological activities in each shell-length group was 24℃.The temperature at which the peak metabolic rate occurred in each shell-length group increased with the increase in shell length.With the increase in heat stress,the expression of three heat shock protein genes(Abhsp60,Abhsp70,and Abhsp90)in the tissues of two size groups of A.broughtonii increased significantly when temperature was above 24℃and reached a peak at 30℃.After heat shock at 30℃for 2 h,the expression of the three heat shock protein genes rapidly increased,peaked at 2 h after the heat shock,and then gradually decreased to the level of the control group at 48 h after the heat shock.The three heat shock protein genes respond rapidly to heat stress and can be used as indicators to the cellular stress response in A.broughtonii under an environmental stress.

Cloning of heat shock protein genes from the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, and the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, and their expression in relation to thermal stress

Three heat shock protein （HSP） genes （hsp70, hsc70, hsp90） were partially cloned from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus （Homoptera： Delphacidae）, which are serious pests of the rice plant. Sequence comparisons at the deduced amino acid level showed that the three HSPs of planthoppers were most homologous to corresponding HSPs of dipteran and lepidopteran species. Identities of both heat shock cognate 70 and HSP90 were higher than HSP70 in both species. Identity of the HSP70 between the two planthopper species was only 81%, a value much lower than seen among fly and moth groups. Effects of heat and cold shocks were demonstrated on expression of the three hsp genes in the two planthopper species. Heat shock （40 ℃） upregulated the hsp90 level but did not change the hsc70 level in either the nymph and adult stages of either species. On the other hand, the hsp70 level was only upregulated in L. striatellus. This heat shock response was prompt and lasted only for 1 h after treatment. In contrast, cold shock at 4℃ did not change the expression levels of any hsp in either species.

Expression of Foreign Gene in Mycobacterium Regulated by Human Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Heat Shock Protein 70 Promoter

The DNA fragments of 150bp length promoter 0f human Mycobacterium(M.) tuberculosis heat shock protein (hsp)7O and 650bp length foreign gene, the Schistosoma japonicum glutathione S-transferase(Sj26GST)gene,were obtained by amplification with polymerase chain reaction. And the 150p DNA sequence upstream initiation codon ATG of the human M. tuberculosis hsp7O promoter that contains the sequence TTGAG and ATCATA which consensus with E. coli promoter's -35 and-10 region respectively, as well as ribosome binding site GGAGG at position-12-8 upstream the ATG were determined by SangerDideoxyribonucleotide-mediated chain-termination method-Then, the human M. tuberculosis hsp70 promoter and Sj26GST cDNA were cloned into E. coli-mycobacteria shuttle plasmid pBCG-2000 to construct E. coli-Mycobacterium expression shuttle plasmid pBCG- Sj26 that can express Sj26GST gene.The M. smegmatis were electroporated and the positivecolonies were selected by kanamycin-The M.smegmatis containing the vector pBCG-Sj26 can be induced by heating and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to express GST. The molecular weight of the recombinant GST(rGST) was 26000. The rGST contents that were about 10 percent of the total bacterial protein were analyzed by density scanning after running SDS-PAGE. This study would provide scientific evidences for application of hsp70 promoter in expressing foreign gene in mycobacterium and development of mycobacterium as multiple-valent vectoral vaccine.

Heat shock protein genes （hsp20, hsp75 and hsp90） from Pieris rapae： Molecular cloning and transcription in response to parasitization by Pteromalus puparum

Most molecular work on the roles of heat shock proteins （hsps） in host-parasite interaction has focused on vertebrates, rather than invertebrates. Here the full length complementary DNA （cDNA） sequences of three hsp genes （hsp20, hsp75 and hsp90） were amplified from Pieris rapae, and their transcriptional responsiveness to parasitization by the endoparasitic wasp Pteromalus puparum were investigated. The cDNA sequence analysis of hsp20, hsp75 and hsp90 revealed open reading frames of 531, 2328 and 2 157 bp in length, which encode proteins with calculated molecular weights of 19.5, 75.48 and 82.7 kDa, respectively. The comparison of amino acid sequences showed that P rapae hsp20 shared highly divergent homology to that of other insects, while hsp75 and hsp90 showed high homology to their counterparts of other species. The expression analysis indicated that these three genes were influenced in response to parasitization by P. puparum. The hsp20 transcripts in parasitized pupae were higher compared to non- parasitized pupae. The expression of hsp75 and hsp90 were down-regulated following parasitization. The results indicate that hsps are involved in host-parasitoid interactions.

The polymorphism of heat shock protein 70 genes in Chinese Han population in Fujian province

To understand the polymorphism of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) genes in Chinese Han population and to explore the co-relations between HSP70 polymorphism and disease, three polymorphic loci of HSP70 genes in 127 healthy Chinese Han population in Fujian province were analyzed by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis, and the genotypes and allele frequencies of HSP70 in different populations from various area were compared. It was found that the proportions of HSP70-1 genotypes GG, GC and CC among Chinese Han population in Fujian province were 55.1%, 40.2% and 4.7% respectively, while those of HSP70-2 genotypes AA, AG and GG were 44.1%, 48.8% and 6.9% respectively, and those of HSP70-hom genotypes TT, TC and CC were 59.8%, 37.0% and 3.2% respectively. The allele frequencies of G and C in HSP70-1 were 75.2% and 24.8%; those of A and G in HSP70-2 were 68.5% and 31.5% and those of T and C in HSP70-hom were 78.3% and 21.7% respectively. The distribution of the HSP70-1 polymorphisms in Chinese Han population was almost the same as those in Japanese and Mexican populations, but it was rather different from those of American and Spanish populations with a significant differences. Meanwhile, the frequency of GG homozygote in HSP70-1 was significantly higher than those in American and Spanish populations. No significant difference was found in the distribution of HSP70-2 polymorphism between Chinese and Japanese populations, in which the differences among American, Mexican and Spanish populations were quite obvious. The frequency of AA homozygote in HSP70-2 was significantly higher than those in Mexican, American and Spanish populations, while, the distribution of HSP 70-hom genotype and allele frequency in Chinese Han population was almost just the same as those in Japanese and Mexican populations. Furthermore, it was also found that the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the HSP70 genes in Han population of Fujian province were almost the same as those in Han population in Taiwan, but they were different in certain loci from those of Han population in Wuhan area. It is evident that the distribution of HSP70 gene polymorphisms among Chinese Han population are different from other regions in the world.

Real-time cell analysis and heat shock protein gene expression in the TcA Tribofium castaneum cell line in response to environmental stress conditions

The rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst, 1797） （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae）, is a pest of stored grain and one of the most studied insect model species. Some of the previous studies involved heat response studies in terms of survival and heat shock protein expression, which are regulated to protect other proteins against environ- mental stress conditions. In the present study, we characterize the impedance profile with the xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analyzer and study the effect of increased temperature in cell growth and viability in the cell line BCIRL-TcA-CLG 1 （TcA） of T castaneum. This novel system measures cells behavior in real time and is applied for the first time to insect cells. Additionally, cells are exposed to heat shock, increased salinity, acidic pH and UV-A light with the aim of measuring the expression levels of lisp27, Hsp68a, and Hsp83 genes. Results show a high thermotolerance of TeA in terms of cell growth and viability. This result is likely related to gene expression results in which a significant up-regulation of all studied Hsp genes is observed after 1 h of exposure to 40 ~C and UV light. All 3 genes show similar expression patterns, but Hsp27 seems to be the most affected. The results of this study validate the RTCA method and reveal the utility of insect cell lines, real-time analysis and gene expression studies to better understand the physiological response of insect cells, with potential applications in different fields of biology such as conservation biology and pest management.

Construction, Expression and Identification of a Recombinant BCG Vaccine Encoding Human Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Heat Shock Protein 65

Heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) is one of the most important protective immunogens against the tuberculosis infection. The signal sequence of antigen 85B and the whole HSP65 DNA sequence of human Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) were amplified from BCG genome and plasmid pCMV-MTHSP65 respectively by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). These two sequences were cloned into the plasmid pBCG-2100 under the control of the promoter of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from human M. tuberculosis, yielding the prokaryotic shuttle expression plasmid pBCG-SP-HSP65. Results of restriction endonuclease analysis, PCR detection and DNA sequencing analysis showed that the two cloned DNA sequences were consistent with those previously reported, and the direction of their inserting into the recombinant was correct and the reading frame had been maintained. The recombinants were electroporated into BCG to construct the recombinant BCG vaccine and induced by heating. The induced expression detected by SDS-PAGE showed that the content of 65 kD protein expressed in recombinant BCG was 35.69 % in total bacterial protein and 74.09 % in the cell lysate supernatants, suggesting that the recombinant HSP65 gene could express in BCG with high efficiency and the expressed proteins were mainly soluble. Western-blot showed that the secretive recombinant proteins could specifically combine with antibody against M. tuberculosis HSP65, indicating that the recombinant proteins possess the biological activity of HSP65.

Sleep deprivation increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in rat gastric mucosa

AIM To .investigate if sleep deprivation is able to increase the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa and its possible role in mucosal defense.METHODS Rats for sleep disruption were placed inside a computerized rotating drum, gastric mucosa was taken from rats with 1, 3 and 7 d sleep deprivation. RT-PCR,immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of heat shock protein 70.Ethanol (500 mL@ L 1, I.g.) was used to induce gastric muceea damage.RESULTS RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining confirmed that the sleep deprivation as a stress resulted in significantly greater expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats. After the 500mL@ L-1 ethanol challenge, the ulcer area found in the rats with 7 d sleep deprivation (19.15 ± 4.2) mm2 was significantly lower (P＜0.01) than the corresponding control (53.7 ± 8.1) mm2.CONCLUSION Sleep deprivation as a stress, in addition to lowering the gastric mucosal barrier, is able to stimulate the expression of inducible heat shock protein 70 in gastric mucosa of rats, the heat shock protein 70 may play an important role in gastric mucosal protection.

Characterization of a TaJ Gene from Wheat

A novel J-domain protein gene was cloned from wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） using RT-PCR technology and named as TaJ. The J-domain protein is defined by the presence of a J-domain. The cDNA of T. aestivum gene, TaJ （GenBank accession number： DQ789026）, was 1263 bp and contained a complete open reading frame （ORF） encoding a J-domain protein of 420 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence of TaJ possesses three functionally essential domains： the Nterminal J-domain which includes the highly conserved HPD tripeptide, an adjacent domain that is rich in glycine and phenylalanine residues （G/F） and a Cysteine-rich zinc-finger domain with four repeats of CxxCxGxG that is important for protein interactions. The C-terminal of TaJ was -CAQQ, a farnesylation motif. The full-length deduced amino acid sequence of TaJ is highly homologous to J-domain proteins from various plant species. Southern blot analysis indicated that a single copy of TaJ existed in wheat genome. The expression pattern of TaJ performed by real-time PCR demonstrated that heat shock （HS） at 37℃ induced the expression of TaJ rapidly and strongly, but the response of the TaJ gene to cold stress was much slower than that to HS. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that the expression level of TaJ gene was much higher in leaves than that in roots.

转录组测序分析外源水杨酸诱导茶树热激蛋白基因的响应

水杨酸是诱导植物抗性机制中重要的信号分子,外源喷施水杨酸能够调控多种防御相关蛋白质,提升农作物的抗病能力。开展外源水杨酸诱导茶树抗性机制的研究能够挖掘抗病基因,为茶树抗病育种提供分子基础。本研究采集外源喷施水杨酸0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的茶树叶片进行转录组测序与分析,结果表明,外源喷施水杨酸6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h时茶树叶片内差异表达基因数量分别为9 360个、3 399个、596个、115个,外源水杨酸处理后各时间点均发生差异表达的基因共604个。KEGG功能富集结果显示,处理后6 h时富集于植物激素信号转导、植物-病原菌互作、核糖体、剪接体和碳代谢通路上的差异表达基因数量分别为95个、73个、121个、94个、154个。差异表达基因中有12个热激因子基因、40个热激蛋白基因和12个WRKY家族转录因子基因上调表达。处理48 h后,无上调表达的热激因子基因,但仍有28个热激蛋白基因上调表达。病程相关蛋白基因在检测阶段均上调表达。外源水杨酸的诱导作用在处理6 h时最为明显,并且引起了大量热激蛋白的响应。本研究结果为开展外源水杨酸诱导茶树抗病机制和茶树抗病分子育种研究提供了参考。

ATF6调控生殖相关基因HSPA1L表达的分子机制

目的探究内质网应激活化转录因子6(ATF6)对生殖相关基因热休克蛋白A1样蛋白(HSPA1L)表达的影响并初步阐明其调控分子机制。方法在人胚肾细胞系HEK-293T中转染ATF6过表达质粒,RT-qPCR和Western blot验证过表达效率;利用雄性ATF6敲除小鼠睾丸组织转录物组测序信息,筛选ATF6下游5个生殖相关基因;双荧光素酶报告基因实验选择启动子活性较高的下游基因并检测过表达ATF6对其启动子活性的影响;通过gene-regulation预测ATF6和下游基因启动子可能的结合位点;RT-qPCR和Western blot检测在HEK-293T细胞中过表达ATF6对于下游基因表达的影响;利用凝胶迁移实验(EMSA)确定ATF6与下游基因启动子是否结合。结果转染后HEK-293T细胞中ATF6的mRNA(P<0.001)和蛋白(P<0.05)表达水平明显升高。转录物组测序及双荧光素酶报告基因实验筛选出ATF6下游的生殖相关基因HSPA1L。ATF6能够促进HSPA1L的截短启动子活性(P<0.001)。过表达ATF6后,HSPA1L的表达量明显升高(P<0.001)。差异均有统计学意义。ATF6蛋白能与HSPA1L的启动子DNA序列aagtcgtcac相结合。结论内质网应激的关键分子ATF6通过结合生殖相关基因HSPA1L的启动子调控后者表达水平,这将为预防或治疗与内质网应激(ERS)有关的男性不育的深入研究奠定基础。

The regulatory effect of memantine on expression and synthesis of heat shock protein 70 gene in neonatal rat models with cerebral hypoxic ischemia

To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of memantine, a non-competitive antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, against hypoxic ischemia (HI) by exploring its regulation on the expression and synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene in neonatal rat models with cerebral HI Methods Memantine was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 20 mg/kg in neonatal rat models either before (PRE group) or after (POST group) induction of HI The expression and synthesis of the HSP70 gene and its corresponding product were determined by rapid competitive PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively Results There was an increase in the expression of HSP70 mRNA two hours after induction of HI, which reached its peak at 48 hours, then decreased gradually The same expression occurred at relatively low levels in the control group Also, HSP70 synthesis was detected as early as 2h after HI, reached its peak between 48 and 72 hours, then declined over time After memantine administration, the expression of the gene and its synthesis of the corresponding product decreased significantly during the time intervals 24-72 h for the gene and 48-72 h for the product compared to the HI group Conclusion It was shown that HI is very sensitive to the expression of the HSP70 gene and synthesis of its corresponding product, which could be regulated by memantine The latter may have the ability to reduce brain damage; thus decreased HSP70 mRNA expression could be a marker for HI It is suggested that memantine can be a promising agent for neuroprotection against HI, although an overall and abstract assessment of memantine is required to see if it can be used on neonates clinically later on

Effect of Temperature on Gene Expression in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

In this study, we examined the effect of elevated temperature on the expression patterns of genes, i.e., nacrein, irr, n16, n19, and hsp70 in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. The experiment was carried out at 4 temperatures, i.e., 20℃(ambient, control), 24, 28℃, and 32℃. The expression levels of target genes in P. fucata were assayed at 0, 6, 24, 48, and 96 h via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the expression levels of nacrein and irr had no significant variations among different time points below 28℃, but significantly increased over time at 32℃. The expression levels of n16 and n19 did not change markedly at 20℃. The former increased significantly at 6 h and 24 h while the latter substantially decreased during 6–96 h at 24, 28 and 32℃. Among different temperatures, the level of n16 was significantly lower at 20℃ than at other temperatures during 6–96 h, and the level of n19 significantly varied among different temperatures at 48 h and 96 h. The expression level of hsp70 was significantly higher at 32℃ than at 20, 24 and 28℃ at 24 h. These results demonstrated that elevated temperature impacted the physiological processes of P. fucata and potentially influenced its adaptability to thermal stress.

Rapid Identification of Mycobacterium Leprae by Polymerase Chain Reaction-restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the Heat Shock Protein 65 Gene from Skin Specimens

INTRODUCTIONLeprosy caused by Mvcobacterium leprae （M. leprae）, is a chronic granulomatous disease affecting the skin and peripheral nervous system, which is transmitted through direct contact with nontreated or inadequate treatment patients. Diagnosis of leprosy depends on the clinical signs and symptoms and slit skin smear positivity. However, it＇s sometimes similar with other granulomatous disease caused by mycobacterial infection. Early stage leprosy is difficult to diagnose by clinical criterion alone because the sensitivity of acid-fast bacilli staining is quite low. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） shows the great advantage in rapid identification and diagnosis for early cases and has a differentiation between leprosy and nonleprosy cases.

Bioinformatics analysis of microarray data to explore the key genes involved in HSF4 mutation-induced cataract

AIM： To reveal the mechanisms of heat-shock transcription factor 4 （HSF4） mutation-induced cataract.METHODS： GSE22362, including 3 HSF4-null lens and 3 wild-type lens, was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database. After data preprocessing, the differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were identified using the limma package. Based on Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery （DAVID） tool, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the DEGs. Followed by protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed using STRING database and Cytoscape software. Furthermore, the validated microRNA （miRNA）-DEG pairs were obtained from miRWalk2.0 database, and then miRNA-DEG regulatory network was visualized by Cytoscape software. RESULTS： A total of 176 DEGs were identified in HSF4-null lens compared with wild-type lens. In the PPI network, FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene （FOS）, early growth response 1 （EGR1） and heme oxygenase （decycling） 1 （HMOX1） had higher degrees and could interact with each other. Besides, mmu-miR-15a-5p and mmu-miR-26a-5p were among the top 10 miRNAs in the miRNA-DEG regulatory network. Additionally, mmu-miR-26a-5p could target EGR1 in the regulatory network. CONCLUSION： FOS, EGR1, HMOX1, mmu-miR-26a-5p and mmu-miR-15a-5p might function in the pathogenesis of HSF4 mutation-induced cataract.

Cloning and expression of Hsp22.4 gene from Chaetomium globosum

研究在 Chaetomium globosum 在小热吃惊蛋白质(sHSPs ) 的分子的机制上被进行。热吃惊蛋白质 22.4 (Hsp22.4 ) 从 C。globosum 在 Escherichia 关口 i 被克隆并且表示。BlastX 分析揭示了从 C 的 Hsp22.4 基因。globosumshared 在有从 Neurospora 的 Hsp 基因的氨基酸顺序的最高的身份粗糙一，并且在他们之间的身份是 65% 。C。globosum Hsp22.4 基因被插入到 pGEX-4T-2 的富有表达力的向量，重组体原生质标志说出 pGEX-HSP。E。与 pGEX-HSPplasmid 转变的关口 i BL21 被 IPTG 导致，并且表示蛋白质与 SDS 页被分析。50 kD 蛋白质特殊在 E 被表示。关口 i BL21，和结果与期望一致，并且证明 Hsp22.4 基因在 E 被表示了。关口 i。我们的学习为进一步学习 sHSPs 蛋白质的功能做了一个基础。

不同耐药型的结核分枝杆菌hspX基因序列与表达的比较

目的比较不同耐药型的结核分枝杆菌(MTB)热休克蛋白基因hspX序列与表达,初步探讨hspX与MTB的耐药是否存在相关性。方法选取4种一线抗结核药物全部敏感株(S)、同时对异烟肼和利福平耐药(MDR)和一种耐药[单耐利福平(MTB^(R+))、单耐异烟肼(MTB^(H+))、单耐链霉素(MTB^(S+))和单耐乙胺丁醇(MTB^(E+))]的菌株各10株,采用改良的十二烷基苯磺酸钠裂解法和TRIzol法分别提取各组菌株的DNA和RNA,使用特异性引物进行PCR和实时荧光定量PCR确定hspX基因的存在及其表达。对PCR产物进行测序以检查正向和反向的多态性,并用DNAman软件进行与标准株H37Rv序列比对。以敏感菌株(S)组为对照组进行两两对比分析不同耐药型的MTB菌株hspX表达的差异。结果PCR成功获得各组特异性的hspX基因,与H37Rv序列比对具有97%~99%的同一性,无存在明显差异;以相对定量2^(-ΔΔCt)法计算获得S、MDR、MTB^(R+)、MTB^(H+)、MTB^(S+)和MTB^(E+)菌株hspX的表达分别为0.98(0.89,1.23)、1.49(1.10,2.04)、1.41(0.55,2.80)、1.37(0.68,2.71)、0.91(0.59,1.62)和0.70(0.48,1.18)。以敏感菌株(S)组为对照组,不同耐药型菌株组与其比较,hspX表达差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论hspX基因在MTB中是保守的。在自然状态下,hspX基因在MTB的耐药性方面无明显相关性。

绿豆象热激蛋白超家族基因的鉴定及表达分析

【目的】鉴定绿豆象(Callosobruchus chinensis)热激蛋白(heat shock protein,HSP)超家族基因成员,明确高、低温胁迫后HSP基因在绿豆象中的表达变化,为深入挖掘HSP基因功能提供理论依据。【方法】从Insect Base 2.0下载不同昆虫HSP基因的CDS和蛋白序列,并以此为参考在绿豆象全长转录组测序数据库中进行本地BLASTp和tBLASTn比对搜索,同时结合HMMER和关键词两种方法再次筛选目标序列,最终完成搜索结果的汇总。利用CDD、MEGA、ProtParam等在线分析工具对绿豆象HSP超家族基因进行生物信息学分析。根据绿豆象成虫高、低温转录组测序数据筛选出7个候选CcHsp,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术比较分析其在绿豆象不同虫态(幼虫、蛹、成虫)及不同温度胁迫下的表达特性。【结果】共鉴定出31个HSP基因,其中包括3个HSP90、8个HSP70、8个HSP60和12个sHSP(small HSP)。理化性质分析显示CcHsp编码的蛋白质包含159—776个氨基酸残基(aa),分子量介于18.4—88.9 kDa,理论等电点为4.95—9.17。亚细胞定位结果显示多数CcHsp定位于细胞质中,少数基因定位于线粒体基质、内质网和细胞核。系统发育分析表明绿豆象热激蛋白不同家族成员与其他昆虫的热激蛋白进化关系较近,显示了其在进化上的保守性。qRT-PCR分析发现,不同虫态在不同温度胁迫后7个候选CcHsp差异表达。CcHsp20.102经高温胁迫后在雌、雄成虫体内的表达量分别上调1000和500倍;CcHsp70-5经高温胁迫后在雌、雄成虫体内的表达量分别上调500和450倍;幼虫经高、低温胁迫后,CcHsp19.855和CcHsp70-5表达差异显著。【结论】通过绿豆象全长转录组测序数据共鉴定出31个完整的热激蛋白超家族基因成员,分为4个亚家族,家族间蛋白结构、保守结构域和基因表达特征存在差异。CcHsp20.102和CcHsp70-5可能在成虫抵御高温胁迫中行使重要功能,而幼虫的高温耐受性可能与CcHsp19.855和CcHsp70-5的表达差异有关。

CD8 T cell response in a phase I study of therapeutic vaccination of advanced NSCLC with allogeneic tumor cells secreting endoplasmic reticulum-chaperone gp96-Ig-peptide complexes

Antigen containing, allogeneic cells secreting the genetically modified protein and peptide-chaperone gp96-Ig cross, prime and expand antigen specific CD8 T cells with therapeutic antitumor activity in mice. In a first in man phase I study, we now report the results of therapeutic vaccination of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with an established, allogeneic non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cell line secreting gp96-Ig. Advanced NSCLC-patients stage IIIB or IV of any histological subtype were enrolled and treated with up to 36 vaccinations over the course of 18 weeks. Primary endpoint was safety, secondary endpoints tumor response and overall survival. Measurement of tumor antigen specific CD8 CTL responses is precluded by the lack of known NSCLC associated antigens. Therefore, we measured patient CD8 T cell-IFN-γ responses to allo-antigens of the vaccine cells as surrogate for tumor antigen specific CD8 CTL. In 7 of 18 treated patients tumor growth was stabilized, however none of the 18 patients had an objective tumor response by RECIST criteria. Of 15 patients evaluable for immune response, 11 responded to vaccination with more than twofold increase in CD8-IFN-γ frequency above baseline. These patients had a median survival time of 16.5 months. Four patients who had no CD8 response above base line had survival times from 2.1 to 6.7 months. Our data are consistent with the concept that generation of CD8 CTL by therapeutic vaccination may delay tumor growth and progression and mediate prolonged survival even in the absence of objective tumor responses. Further studies will be required to test this concept and promising result.