Molecular dynamics study of thermal stress and heat propagation in tungsten under thermal shock

Using molecular dynamics （MD） simulation, we study the thermal shock behavior of tungsten （W）, which has been used for the plasma facing material （PFM） of tokamaks. The thermo-elastic stress wave, corresponding to the collective displacement of atoms, is analyzed with the Lagrangian atomic stress method, of which the reliability is also analyzed. The stress wave velocity corresponds to the speed of sound in the material, which is not dependent on the thermal shock energy. The peak pressure of a normal stress wave increases with the increase of thermal shock energy. We analyze the temperature evolution of the thermal shock region according to the Fourier transformation. It can be seen that the “obvious” velocity of heat propagation is less than the velocity of the stress wave; further, that the thermo-elastic stress wave may contribute little to the transport of kinetic energy. The heat propagation can be described properly by the heat conduction equation. These results may be useful for understanding the process of the thermal shock of tungsten.

Effects of Heat Shock Factor AtHsfA1a on Caspase-3 Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana under High Temperature Stress

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat shock factor AtHsfAla on Caspase-3 activity in Arabidopsis thaliana under high tempera-ture stress, thus revealing the relationship between heat shock factor AtHsfAl a and programmed cell death in A. thaliana. [ Method ] Different genotypes of A. thaliana （AtHsfAla-silenced transgenic and wild-type） seedlings were treated at 42 ℃. According to the fragmentation level of fluorogenic substrate Ac-DEVD- pNA, Caspase-3 activity was determined by spectrophotometry. [ Result] After high temperature treatment, Caspase-3 activity in A. thaliana was enhanced signifi-cantly. Caspase-3 activity in AtHsfAla-si／enced transgenic A. thaliana was higher than that in wild-type A. thaliana, which indicated that AtHsfAla could inhibit Caspase-3 activity in A. thaliana under high temperature stress. [ Conclusion] Under high temperature stress, heat shock factor AtHsfAla might exert inhibitory effects on programmed cell death by reducing Caspase-3 activity. This study provided the basis for clarifying the mechanism of stress resistance in plants.

Association of high expression in rat gastric mucosal heat shock protein 70 induced by moxibustion pretreatment with protection against stress injury

AIM:To study the effect of moxibustion on Zusanli or Liangmeng point on gastric mucosa injury in stress-induced ulcer rats and its correlation with the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). METHODS:Sixty healthy SD rats (30 males,30 females) were divided into control group,injury model group,Zushanli point group,Liangmeng point group. Stress gastric ulcer model was induced by binding cold stress method. Gastric mucosa ulcer injury (UI) index was calculated by Guth method. Gastric mucosa blood flow (GMBF) was recorded with a biological signal analyzer. Protein content and gene expression in gastric mucosal HSP70 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thiobarbital method was used to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Gastric mucosal endothelin (ET) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:High gastric mucosal UI index,high HSP70 expression,low GMBF and PGF2,elevated MDA and ET were observed in gastric mucosa of rats subjected to cold stress. Moxibustion on Zusanli or Liangmeng point decreased rat gastric mucosal UI index,MDA and ET. Conversely,the expression of HSP70,GMBF,and PGE2 was elevated in gastric mucosa after pretreatment with moxibustion on Zusanli or Liangmeng point. The observed parameters were significantly different between Zusanli and Liangmeng points. CONCLUSION:Pretreatment with moxibustion on Zusanli or Liangmeng point protects gastric mucosa against stress injury. This protection is associated with the higher expression of HSP70 mRNA and protein,leading to release of PGE2 and inhibition of MDA and ET,impairment of gastric mucosal index.

Effects of Heat Shock Factor AtHsfA1a on Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana under Cold Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat shock factor AtHsfAla on programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana under cold stress. [ Method] AtHsfAla-silenced transgenic （NT） and wild-type （WT） A. thaliana seedlings were used as experimental materials to induce the formation of callus; the callus were cultured to single cells by suspension culture, subjected to cold stress, stained with DAPI, prepared into cell smears and observed under a fluorescence microscope. [ Result] Under cold stress, cell nucleus of wild-type A. thaliana displayed morphological changes, but no apoptotic bodies were found; apoptotic bodies were observed in AtHsfAla-silenced transgenic A. thaliana cells, and the cytoplasm was remarkably concentrated. [ Conclusion] Under cold stress, heat shock factor AtHsfAla exerted inhibitory effects on programmed cell death in A. thaliana, which was of great significance for clarifying the mechanism of stress responses in plants.

Acclimation-dependent expression of heat shock protein 70 in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) and its acute response to thermal exposure

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is one important member of heat shock protein (Hsp) family that is responsible for various stresses, especially thermal stress. Here we examined the response of Hsp70 gene to both chronic and acute thermal exposure in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). For the chronic exposure, abalones were maintained at 8, 12, 20, and 30°C for four months and their mRNA levels were measured. The highest mRNA level of Hsp70 gene relative to actin gene was detected in the 30°C-acclimated group, followed by the 8°C-acclimated group and then the 12°C- and 20°C-acclimated groups. After the long-term acclimation, gills from each of the above acclimation groups were dissected and exposed to different temperatures between 8°C and 38°C for 30 min. Hsp70 expression in gills acclimated to different temperatures responded differentially to the same temperature exposure. The incubation temperature that induced maximum Hsp70 mRNA expression was higher in the higher temperature acclimation groups than lower temperature groups. Pacific abalones could alter the expression pattern of Hsp70 gene according to environmental thermal conditions, through which they deal with the stress of thermal variations.

Transcriptome responses to heat stress in hypothalamus of a meat-type chicken

Background： Heat stress has resulted in great losses in poultry production. To address this issue, we systematically analyzed chicken hypothalamus transcriptome responses to thermal stress using a 44 k chicken Agilent microarray, Methods： Hypothalamus samples were collected from a control group reared at 25℃, a heat-stress group treated at 34℃ for 24 h, and a temperature-recovery group reared at 25℃ for 24 h following a heat-stress treatment. We compared the expression profiles between each pair of the three groups using microarray data. Results： A total of 1,967 probe sets were found to be differentially expressed in the three comparisons with P 〈 0.05 and a fold change （FC） higher than 1.5, and the genes were mainly involved in self-regulation and compensation required to maintain homeostasis. Consistent expression results were found for 11 selected genes by quantitative real-time PCR. Thirty-eight interesting differential expression genes were found from GO term annotation and those genes were related to meat quality, growth, and crucial enzymes. Using these genes for genetic network analysis, we obtained three genetic networks. Moreover, the transcripts of heat-shock protein, including Hsp 40 and Hsp 90, were significantly altered in response to thermal stress. Conclusions： This study provides a broader understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying stress response in chickens and discovery of novel genes that are regulated in a specific thermal-stress manner.

The mRNA Expression Profiles of Five Heat Shock Protein Genes from Frankliniella occidentalis at Different Stages and Their Responses to Temperatures and Insecticides

The westem flower thrips, Frankliniella occidental＆ （Pergande） is a highly invasive pest that is able to exploit many crops across a wide range of environmental conditions. Five full-length cDNAs of heat shock protein （HSP） genes （Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, Fo-HSP60, Fo-HSP40 and Fo-HSP28.9） were cloned from F. occidentalis, and their expression profiles were investigated under conditions of thermal stress and insecticide exposure, and at different stages during development, using real-time quantitative PCR. All five gene sequences showed high similarity to homologs in other species, indicating the conserved fimction of this gene family. HSP60 represents an informative phylogenetic marker at the ordinal taxonomic level within Insecta, but HSP90, which has two homologous copies in Hymenoptera, was not informative. The expression of Fo-HSPs under thermal stress suggests that Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, and Fo-HSP28.9 are inducible by both cold and heat stress, Fo-HSP40 is only heat-inducible, and Fo-HSP60 is thermally insensitive. There were two patterns of cold induction of Fo-HSPs： one is from 0 to 4℃ and the other is around -8℃. All five Fo-HSPs genes were induced by exposure to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide avermectin. The expression of the five Fo-HSPs during different developmental stages suggests that they all play a role in development of F. occidentalis.

Neuroprotective effect of heat shock protein 70 Inhibition of Tau protein expression

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have shown that heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） has neuroprotective effects by decreasing phosphorylation of Tau protein, thereby reducing the expression of Tau protein and proper aggregation. OBJECTIVE： To observe and verify expressional changes of HSP70 and Tau in retinal ganglion cells following stretch injury to the right optic nerve in rats, and to determine the effect of heat stress pretreatment on HSP70 and Tau protein expressions. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Neurology Research Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March to June 2006. MATERIALS： Instant SABC immunohistochemistry kit, as well as mouse anti-HSP70 and rabbit anti-Tau polyclonal antibodies, were purchased from Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Limited, China. METHODS： A total of 57 male, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups： control （n = 3）; 150-180 g stretch force was induced in the right optic nerves in stretch-only group （n = 18） to establish optic nerve stretch injury model; heat stress was applied to 18 animals in heat-stress treatment group; 18 rats in the heat-stress pretreatment plus stretch group were subjected to identical stretch injury as stretch-only group after 24-hour heat-stress pretreatment. According to sacrifice time, the groups were assigned to 6 subgroups at different time points of 4, 8, and 16 hours, and 1,3, and 5 days, with 3 rats in each subgroup. No treatment was performed in the control group except anesthesia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphological changes of optic nerves and retinal ganglion cells following stretch injury were observed by light microscopy following hematoxylin-eosin staining. HSP70 and Tau protein expression levels were observed in retinal ganglial cells from each group using im munohistochemistry. RESULTS： （1） Compared with the control group, morphological axonal and retinal ganglial cell changes, as well as a decreased number of retinal ganglial cells, were identified in the stretch-only group （P 〈 0.01）. Pathological damage in optical nerve and retinal ganglial cells were not remarkable in the heat-stress pretreatment plus stretch group, with no statistical difference in the number of retinal ganglial cells compared with the control group （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Compared with the control group significantly increased HSP70 expression in retinal ganglial cells occurred in the stretch-only, heat-stress treatment, and heat-stress pretreatment plus stretch groups （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. The peak of HSP70 expression was earlier in the heat-stress pretreatment plus stretch group compared with the stretch-only and heat-stress treatment groups, and was expressed over a longer period of time compared with the heat-stress treatment group. Compared with the control group, Tau expression in the retinal ganglial cells rapidly increased 4-16 hours following stretch injury in the stretch-only group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, and obviously decreased in the heat-stress pretreatment plus stretch group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Tau expression increased following stretch injury, with an earlier expression peak than HSP70, which indicated that stretch injury-induced HSP70 expression was not strong or quick enough to sufficiently protect the nerve. A much more enhanced HSP70 expression, with an earlier peak and longer expression period, was observed in rats subjected to stretch injury following heat stress, which demonstrated that HSP70 exhibited neuroprotective functions by reducing abnormal aggregation of Tau.

Molecular cloning of human heat shock protein 27 and study of its protective effects on oxidative damage in rat cardiomyocte H9c2

Objective： To clone human cardiac heat shock protein 27 （HSP27） gene and to determine the effects of HSP27 on the oxidative stress in rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2. Methods： Full length of HSP27 cDNA which got by RT-PCR was constructed into pCDNA3.1^＋ . The recombinant was transfected into rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 and the stable trahsfection cell line was selected by G418. Then we observe the effects of HSP27 over-expression on LDH release and apoptosis induced H2O2 in H9c2. Results： ①pCDNA3.1^＋/HSP27 provided a sound expression of HSP27 in both 293T and H9c2. ②LDH releasing induced by 0, 100,250,500, 1000 μmol/L H2O2 in HSP27 over-expression group and wild type group were 0.396±0.017 vs. 0.390±0.01）9 （p 〉0.05）, 0.437±0. 014 vs. 0.416±0.015 （P〈0.05）, 0.471±0.018 vs. 0.417±0.009 （P 〈0.001）, 0.505±0.030 vs. 0.657± 0.022（P 〈0.001）, 0.547 ±0.027 and 0.661 ± 0.011（ P 〈 0. 001 ）, respectively. ③Apoptosis induced by 150 μmol/L H2O2 in HSP27 over-expression group and wild type group were （10.693± 1.122）% vs. （4.027 ± 1.628）%（ P 〈0.01）. Conclusion： We cloned and constructed human cardiac HSP27 gene successfully, and over-expression of human HSP27 could inhibit oxidative damage significantly in H9c2.

The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Mammary Neoplasms: A Brief Review

Research into heat shock proteins (HSPs) for the clinical management of tumours has intensified as new evidence shows they can be used as biomarkers in carcinogenesis and are related to poor prognosis in some cancer types. Members of small HSP, HSP70 and HSP90 families have been studied extensively in breast cancer. This article reviews current understanding of the role of HSP and HSF-1 (Heat shock factor 1) expression in human breast cancer and looks at its potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value. The exciting progress that has been made using HSP 90 inhibitors in breast cancer treatment is examined and the results of preliminary studies on the expression of stress proteins in the animal model canine mammary tumours are also presented.

A Review of Heat Shock Proteins Research on Bemisia tabaci

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is the most destructive invasive pests in agricultural production and has a high tolerance to heat. Heat shock proteins play an essential role in life activities such as growth and development, reproduction and diapause of B. tabaci. At the same time, they are also crucial in resisting adverse environments and in adaptive evolution. The expression of heat shock protein in B. tabaci is not only related to temperature, but also to the tolerance of the environment. After receiving external stimuli, the expression level can be increased or decreased to maintain the stability of cells in vivo. This paper reviews the classification, biological characteristics, biological functions, and research status of HSPs in recent years. This mini-review will provide helpful information related to the use of heat shock proteins to study the occurrence and damage of B. tabaci. This has important theoretical and practical significance for revealing Hsps in explaining the population expansion mechanism of B. tabaci invasion and predicting population dynamics.

Role of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons in the protective effects of heat shock factor 1 on working memory

Increasing evidence suggests that heat shock factor 1 exerts endogenous protective effects on working memory under conditions of chronic psychological stress. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examined the protective factors affecting working memory in heat shock transcription factor 1 gene knockout mice. The results indicated that the number of correct T maze alternations decreased following mild chronic psychological stress in knockout mice. This change was accompanied by a decrease in neurogenesis and an increase in neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The number of correct T maze alternations was positively correlated with neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus, and negatively correlated with neuronal apoptosis. In wild type mice, no significant difference was detected in the number of correct T maze alternations or neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal dentate gyrus. These results indicate that the heat shock factor 1 gene has an endogenous protective role in working memory during mild chronic psychological stress associated with dentate gyrus neuronal apoptosis Moreover, dentate gyrus neurogenesis appears to participate in the protective mechanism.

冷应激反应加重大鼠多囊卵巢综合征生殖功能障碍

目的研究冷应激刺激对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠生殖功能的影响及其作用机制。方法将大鼠分为对照组(Contral)、模型组、冷应激组、抑制剂组(给予HSP90抑制剂50 mg/kg)及联合组(冷应激联合HSP90抑制剂),每组10只。ELISA检测血清性激素及氧化应激水平、HE染色观察卵巢形态、TUNEL检测卵巢细胞凋亡、免疫印迹检测HSP90、NF-κB p65、IkB、TAK-1和RIP蛋白表达。结果与对照组FSH[(16.37±2.14)mU/mL]、LH[(9.32±1.46)nmol/L]、T[(1.23±0.17)nmol/L]比较,模型组FSH[(7.21±1.54)mU/mL]与联合组FSH[(7.25±1.51)mU/mL]降低(P<0.05),模型组LH[(20.34±2.81)nmol/L]、T[(1.58±0.26)nmol/L]与联合组LH[(20.28±2.85)nmol/L]、T[(1.56±0.27)nmol/L]升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,抑制剂组FSH[(6.28±1.24)mU/mL]降低、LH[(22.08±2.73)nmol/L]、T[(1.64±0.25)nmol/L]升高(P<0.05),与抑制剂组比较,冷应激组FSH[(5.34±0.67)mU/m L]降低、LH[(23.17±2.95)nmol/L]与T[(1.79±0.31)nmol/L]升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组与联合组SOD、GSH-Px水平降低,MDA水平升高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,抑制剂组SOD、GSH-Px水平升高,MDA水平降低(P<0.05),与抑制剂组比较,冷应激组SOD、GSH-Px水平降低,MDA水平升高(P<0.05)。对照组大鼠卵巢组织结构正常;模型组与联合组卵巢皮质黄体及卵泡减少,卵泡囊性扩张并有闭锁产生;冷应激组与抑制剂组大鼠的卵巢主要表现为大量的小窦卵泡、囊性卵泡和增大的卵泡膜细胞层,且以冷应激组更为严重。对照组、模型组、抑制剂组、冷应激组与联合组的细胞凋亡率分别为(5.62±0.58)%、(41.38±3.92)%、(52.67±4.22)%、(63.48±5.71)%、(40.62±4.28)%,对照组卵巢组织中细胞凋亡率低于模型组、联合组(F=168.200,P<0.001),抑制剂组卵巢组织中细胞凋亡率较模型组高(t=6.213,P<0.001),冷应激组细胞凋亡率较抑制剂组高(t=4.815,P<0.001)。与对照组比较,模型组大鼠卵巢组织中HSP90、NF-κB p65、IkB、TAK-1、RIP升高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,冷应激组与对照组大鼠卵巢组织中HSP90、NF-κB p65、IkB、TAK-1、RIP升高(P<0.05)。大鼠卵巢组织中HSP90与PI3K在冷应激刺激后的表达呈正相关关系(R=0.581,P<0.001)。结论冷应激加重PCOS大鼠生殖功能障碍。

植物热激蛋白功能及表达调控的研究进展

热激蛋白(heat shock proteins,HSPs)在生物体中广泛存在,作为分子伴侣(molecular chaperone)参与蛋白质的折叠、转运、降解以及蛋白复合体的组装等。热激蛋白的种类及其功能具有多样性,并且在细胞内定位于胞质和核以及质体(plastid)、线粒体和内质网等多种细胞器。热激蛋白在植物响应冷、热、盐和干旱等非生物胁迫中具有重要的作用。同时,其还参与植物应对细菌、真菌和病毒等生物胁迫。此外,热激蛋白在植物体的生长发育过程中也发挥着重要作用。本文对热激蛋白的种类及其在植物生长发育和逆境响应中的功能进行了总结和讨论,以期为相关研究提供参考。

水稻热激转录因子HsfA2b调控非生物胁迫抗性的功能分析

【目的】水稻在生长发育过程中,常会受到各种非生物胁迫而严重影响产量。热激转录因子作为植物抗逆过程中的一个重要元件,通过调控一系列胁迫响应基因的表达以提高植物抗逆性。探究水稻热激转录因子OsHsfA2b调控非生物胁迫的功能与初步机理,为培育水稻抗逆新品种提供了优异基因资源和理论支撑。【方法】通过构建OsHsfA2b过量表达和RNAi的转基因水稻,分别观察水稻幼苗在高温、低温、干旱和高盐处理后的抗逆表型,统计存活率。同时,在逆境胁迫处理后,通过DAB染色检测水稻叶片活性氧(ROS)含量及RT-qPCR检测抗氧化途径相关基因OsSOD和OsCAT的表达量,分析OsHsfA2b对抗氧化途径的调控作用。【结果】在高温、低温、干旱和高盐等非生物胁迫条件下,水稻热激转录因子OsHsfA2b被显著诱导表达。与野生型NPB相比,OsHsfA2b过量表达转基因水稻对非生物胁迫的抗性明显增强,植株损伤程度较轻,存活率提高。相反,OsHsfA2b-RNAi水稻对非生物胁迫更加敏感,植株损伤严重,存活率降低。此外,在非生物胁迫条件下,OsHsfA2b过量表达转基因水稻比NPB和OsHsfA2bRNAi水稻体内活性氧的含量减少,并且OsHsfA2b显著诱导了抗氧化途径相关基因OsSOD和OsCAT的表达,OsHsfA2b参与抑制水稻体内活性氧的积累以降低逆境胁迫诱导的活性氧大量积累对植株的伤害。【结论】非生物胁迫下,水稻热激转录因子OsHsfA2b被显著诱导表达,可通过抗氧化途径正调控水稻对逆境胁迫的抗性。

血清HSP90A、STIP1和TAGLN-2水平在子宫腺肌病的临床诊断价值

目的观察血清热休克蛋白(HSP)90A、应激诱导磷蛋白1(STIP1)和肌动蛋白凝胶蛋白2(TAGLN-2)水平在子宫腺肌病的临床诊断价值。方法选取2020年1月—2022年6月在复旦大学附属妇产科医院诊治的子宫腺肌病患者126例,为子宫腺肌病组。选取同期在该院行健康体检妇女65例,为对照组。影响子宫腺肌病形成进行单因素和多因素分析,观察血清HSP90A、STIP1和TAGLN-2水平与子宫腺肌病严重程度和痛经的关系,及其在诊断子宫腺肌病的诊断效能。结果子宫腺肌病组孕次、产次、血清HSP90A、STIP1和TAGLN-2水平明显高于对照组(均P<0.01),而两组在年龄、BMI、人工流产史、分娩史、TG、TC、HDL-C和LDL-C水平差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。多因素分析发现孕次、产次、血清HSP90A、STIP1和TAGLN-2水平是影响子宫腺肌病的独立危险因素(均P<0.01)。血清HSP90A、STIP1和TAGLN-2水平随着子宫腺肌病的分级升高而升高(P<0.01),有痛经组的水平明显高于无痛经组(P<0.01)。血清HSP90A、STIP1和TAGLN-2水平在诊断子宫腺肌病发生的灵敏度分别为60.3%、77.0%和77.0%,特异度分为为92.3%、89.2%和76.9%,AUC分别为0.836、0.884和0.829,联合检测的灵敏度为92.9%,特异度为92.3%,AUC为0.966,明显高于单个指标的HSP90A(z=5.269,P<0.001)、STIP1(z=3.867,P<0.001)和TAGLN-2(z=5.286,P<0.001)。结论HSP90A、STIP1和TAGLN-2参与了子宫腺肌病的发病过程,是子宫腺肌病严重程度的指标,联合检测有助于提高子宫腺肌病的诊断效能。

外源褪黑素对玫瑰高温胁迫的缓解效应

[目的]高温已经成为制约玫瑰生长和生产最主要的非生物逆境因子之一。探究外源褪黑素对玫瑰耐高温能力的影响,可为解决玫瑰栽培过程中的热害问题以及玫瑰耐高温遗传改良提供实践和理论依据。[方法]以二年生‘紫枝’玫瑰盆栽苗为试验材料,研究叶面喷施100μmol·L-1褪黑素预处理对40℃高温胁迫下玫瑰叶片相关生理特性和热激蛋白基因表达的影响。[结果]高温胁迫导致玫瑰叶片水分失衡,细胞膜系统受损,光合作用受阻,次生氧化胁迫,明显抑制了玫瑰的生长。而外源褪黑素预处理后,玫瑰叶片在高温胁迫下的相对电导率(REC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量明显降低;相对含水量(RWC)和叶绿素含量(SPDA)显著升高;光系统II最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和净光合速率(Pn)显著提升;脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白(SP)等渗透调节物质的含量显著增多;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶的活性显著增强;RhHSP70、RhHSP90和RhHSP101等热激蛋白基因的表达量显著上调。[结论]高温胁迫下,施加外源褪黑素预处理能够通过提高叶片保水能力,维护细胞膜系统的稳定性和完整性,提升光合作用强度,增加渗透调节物质含量,增强抗氧化酶活性,上调热激蛋白基因表达等途径来缓解高温胁迫对玫瑰叶片产生的不利影响,从而提高了玫瑰的耐高温能力。

植物耐受高温胁迫的分子机制研究进展

随着全球的温度持续上升,高温胁迫已经成为影响植物生长发育的重要因素之一,高温对水稻等农作物产量造成的损失对人类经济收益的影响尤为重要。为了了解植物应对高温胁迫的分子机制,本综述归纳了高温胁迫对植物形态、生理生化、光合作用等方面产生的不利影响并总结了信号传导途径、转录因子的调节、抗高温胁迫相关基因的表达这3种植物应对高温胁迫的分子机制。根据以上内容,本文建议利用生物信息学、基因工程、细胞生物学、分子生物学等手段继续深入探索植物耐受高温胁迫的分子机制,并对该领域未来的研究方向提出了展望。

春尺蠖热激蛋白AcinHsp70基因的克隆、分子特性与表达分析

【目的】克隆春尺蠖热激蛋白Hsp70基因,分析其理化性质与表达情况,探究该基因在春尺蠖应对外界不利环境中的作用。【方法】基于前期所测转录组数据(春尺蠖幼虫不同低温胁迫),克隆获取Hsp70基因,命名为AcinHsp70(GenBank登录号:OP750249);利用生物信息分析软件对Hsp70基因的理化性质进行分析;采用qPCR技术检测AcinHsp70基因在不同温度(-10、-5、0、5和25℃)胁迫中回温与不回温及4℃不同时间处理下的表达谱。【结果】春尺蠖AcinHsp70基因完整CDS序列全长1899 bp,编码633个氨基酸,蛋白质预测分子量为69.91 kDa,预测等电点为5.51。在N端均不含信号肽且无跨膜区。磷酸位点检测分别发现丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸磷酸位点24、26和8个;未发现糖基化位点。该蛋白的平均亲水性为-0.507,预测不稳定系数为33.19,故该蛋白属于亲水稳定蛋白,亚细胞定位结果显示,其主要位于细胞质。序列一致性比对与系统进化树分析结果显示,春尺蠖与庆网蛱蝶(Melitaea cinxia)亲缘关系最近,序列一致性达92.91%。基因表达结果显示,不同温度(-10℃除外)胁迫下,AcinHsp70基因表达量均无明显差异,回温后表达量显著上调。AcinHsp70基因表达量总体呈先升后降趋势,在4℃处理1 h后表达量达到最大值。【结论】AcinHsp70基因与春尺蠖应对低温胁迫的响应密切相关,结果有助于揭示该基因在低温胁迫下的分子功能。