Research on single hole heat transfer power of ground source heat pump system

In this paper,the single hole heat transfer power of the ground source heat pump system in Hengshui is compared with data gained from thermal response test.The results show that maximum monitoring data of heat transfer power per meter in summer is 97.1% of the test data,and the average value accounts for 81.8%.The per meter heat power data through on-site thermal response test can provide references for designing engineering project and optimizing ground source heat pump system as these data do not vary greatly from the actual monitoring data.

RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS,POWER CONSUMPTION,MASS AND HEAT,TRANSFER DURING XANTHAN GUM FERMENTATION

Xanthan gum fermentation is probably the most complex fermentation process in terms ofrheological property variations and associated mixing,power consumption,mass and heat transferproblems.In order to obtain these data,fermentations of Xanthomonas campestris were carried outon pilot scale bioreactor with different D/T ratios and different feeding strategies(batch andfed-batch).It was discovered that the rheology of xanthan fermentation broth is of paramountimportance to the above characteristics.The aerated power consumption and power number are both afunction of aeration rate during the initial stage of the fermentation when the viscosity is low andthe Reynolds number high.However when the becames viscous and Reynolds unmber≤10~3,thegas velocity does not show any effect on the power number.The oxygen mass transfer coefficientsand the overall heat transfer coefficients are both dependent on the impeller speed,the apparentviscosity of the broth and the D/T ratio.These data taken from practical

Modelling Study to Compare the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Low-Power Hydrogen,Nitrogen and Argon Arc-Heated Thrusters

A modelling study is performed to compare the plasma flow and heat transfer characteristics of low-power arc-heated thrusters （arcjets） for three different propellants： hydrogen, nitrogen and argon. The all-speed SIMPLE algorithm is employed to solve the governing equations, which take into account the effects of compressibility, Lorentz force and Joule heating, as well as the temperature- and pressure-dependence of the gas properties. The temperature, velocity and Mach number distributions calculated within the thruster nozzle obtained with different propellant gases are compared for the same thruster structure, dimensions, inlet-gas stagnant pressure and arc currents. The temperature distributions in the solid region of the anode-nozzle wall are also given. It is found that the flow and energy conversion processes in the thruster nozzle show many similar features for all three propellants. For example, the propellant is heated mainly in the near-cathode and constrictor region, with the highest plasma temperature appearing near the cathode tip; the flow transition from the subsonic to supersonic regime occurs within the constrictor region; the highest axial velocity appears inside the nozzle; and most of the input propellant flows towards the thruster exit through the cooler gas region near the anode-nozzle wall. However, since the properties of hydrogen, nitrogen and argon, especially their molecular weights, specific enthMpies and thermal conductivities, are different, there are appreciable differences in arcjet performance. For example, compared to the other two propellants, the hydrogen arcjet thruster shows a higher plasma temperature in the arc region, and higher axial velocity but lower temperature at the thruster exit. Correspondingly, the hydrogen arcjet thruster has the highest specific impulse and arc voltage for the same inlet stagnant pressure and arc current. The predictions of the modelling are compared favourably with available experimental results.

Effect of thermal conductivity on heat transfer for a power-law non-Newtonian fluid over a continuous stretched surface with various injection parameters

The two-dimensional non-Newtonian steady flow on a power-law stretched surface with suction or injection is studied. Thermal conductivity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. The transformed governing equations in the present study are solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta method. Through a comparison, results for a special case of the problem show excellent agreement with those in a previous work. Two cases are considered, one corresponding to a cooled surface temperature and the other to a uniform surface temperature. Numerical results show that the thermal conductivity variation parameter, the injection parameter, and the power-law index have significant influences on the temperature profiles and the Nusselt number.

In-Situ Preparation and Thermal Shock Resistance of Mullite-Cordierite Heat Tube Material for Solar Thermal Power

In order to improve the thermal shock resistance of solar thermal heat transfer tube material, the mullite-cordierite composite ceramic as solar thermal heat transfer tube material were fabricated by pressureless sintering using a-Al203, Suzhou kaolin, talc, and feldspar as starting materials. The important parameter for solar thermal transfer tube such as water absorption （W）, bulk density （Db）, and the mechanical properties were investigated. The phase composition and microstructure of the composite ceramics were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that the B3 sintered at 1 300 ℃ and holding for 3 h has an optimum thermal shock resistance. The bending strength loss rate of B3 is only 2% at 1 100℃ by air quenching-strength test and the sample can endure 30 times thermal shock cycling, and the water absorption, the bulk density and the bending strength are 0.32%, 2.58 g·cm-3, and 125.59 MPa respectively. The XRD analysis indicated that the phase compositions of the sample were mullite, cordierite, corundum, and spinel. The SEM images illustrate that the cordierite is prismatic grain and the mullite is nano rod, showing a good thermal shock resistance for composite ceramics as potential solar thermal power material.

Numerical Research of Heat Transfer of Supercritical COR2R in Channels

With the worldwide development of nuclear power plant and requirement of saving energy and resource, high thermal efficiency and economical competitiveness are achieved by using supercritical COR2R with spe-cial thermal properties and better flow and heat transfer characters. In this paper, heat transfer of supercritical COR2R has been investigated in square and triangle array tube-bundle of cooled system in reactor using com-putational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT, and the basic knowledge of heat transfer of supercritical COR2R and first experience of CFD simulation are obtained. The effect of mesh structures, turbulence models, as well as flow channel size is analyzed. The choice of turbulence model adopted in simulating supercritical COR2R is recommended. Comparing the effect of heat transfer with supercritical COR2R and supercritical water as cooled medium, the results show that the former was higher. The new idea is provided for choice of cooled medium and improving thermal efficiency this paper.

Heat Transfer Between a Missile's Combustion Chamber and the Warhead

Under higher temperatures the charge within a warhead will be subjected to physical and chemical changes, which will influence the security of the warhead launching process. In this paper the problem is studied adopting finite difference method for the case of a rocket powered missile. Temperature distribution tables are given through quadrature experiments, and the results fit the actual measured values very well. The results also show that to ensure the launching security of rocket powered missiles having warhead charge critical temperature close to about 60?℃, the designer can select appropriate heat insulation structural parameters.

A Compound Cycle for Power Generation by Utilizing Residual Heat of Flue Gas in Electric Steelmaking Process

Electric furnace short process steelmaking is one of the most important steelmaking methods in the world today, and the waste heat recovery potential of electric furnace flue gas is huge.?The research on the recovery of electric furnace flue gas waste heat is of great significance. In order to make better use of this part of the heat,?in this paper, a compound cycle of nitrogen Brayton cycle as a first-order cycle and toluene transcritical Rankine cycle as a second-order cycle is proposed to recover waste heat from furnace flue gas in steelmaking process for power generation. A mathematical model was established with the net output power as the objective function and the initial expansion pressure, the final expansion pressure, the initial expansion temperature and the initial pressure of the second cycle as the independent variables. The effect of multivariate on the net output power of the waste heat power generation cycle is studied, and then, the optimal parameters of the compound cycle are determined. The results show that under the general electric furnace steelmaking process, the power generation efficiency of this new cycle can be increased by 21.02% compared with the conventional cycle.

Research of Inorganic Heat Transfer Element Starting Proprerty

This article studies the wall temperature distribution of inorganic heat transfer element in different working conditions by experiments, and analyzes the impact of inclination angle, heating power, different kinds of cooling medium and different inlet temperature of cooling medium on the starting property of inorganic heat transfer element.

电厂锅炉实验虚拟仿真系统建设与应用

为开展能动专业核心课程“锅炉原理”的实验教学,校企合作开发了电厂锅炉实验虚拟仿真系统。基于两相流动与辐射对流传热原理构建的仿真系统,由风烟和汽水两大模型构成,严格遵守质量、能量、动量守恒方程。变负荷虚拟实验显示,随锅炉负荷增加,热效率降低、燃料耗量增加。根据辐射传热原理,结合火焰平均温度计算发现:只有炉膛出口烟温增加,才能保证炉膛传热负荷增加,继而抬升排烟温度,导致排烟热损失变大、锅炉热效率降低。锅炉原理实验虚拟仿真,可训练学生运用锅炉本体热力计算原理分析问题的思维,是落实创新能力培养的重要举措。

一种用于设计电加热滚塑工艺的传热计算方法

首先针对一个空模具以及生产4种不同厚度的氢气瓶内胆的电加热滚塑工艺,通过实验分别测量了模具表面和模内的温度、加热时间和耗电量,并据此计算了在这5种情形下的加热效率和放大系数。然后提出了一种用于设计电加热滚塑工艺的计算方法。即在模具的材料和质量、模内粉料的物性和质量、工艺参数确定后,先计算出有效热能,接着根据放大系数初步估算出在加热阶段电热丝需发出的热能,并由此得出满负荷的加热功率和电热丝的长度。然后利用static bed模型通过FLUENT软件仿真计算出加热时间和电热丝实际需发出的热能。以一个中空立方形的塑料制品的电加热滚塑工艺为例说明了该方法的应用步骤,并研究了满负荷的加热功率和模具材料对加热效率、加热时间和电热丝实际需发出的热能的影响。结果表明,加热效率随氢气瓶内胆厚度的增加而下降,加热时间随着满负荷功率的增大而减少的速率变得越来越慢。采用钢制模具的加热时间比采用铝制模具更长,电热丝也需发出更多的热能。

大功率充电连接器相变冷却换热特性研究

直流大功率快充技术可显著缩短电动汽车充电时间,缓解充电焦虑,然而在高电压、大电流下,充电连接器的温度短时间内急剧上升,将降低连接器使用寿命且易引发安全问题。为此,提出一种适用于大功率充电连接器的高效相变冷却技术,分别对单相和相变冷却性能进行数值建模分析,研究了冷却液种类、流量、套管厚度等参数对冷却性能的影响规律。结果表明,充电时长为5 min,加载电流为600 A时,采用40℃水单相冷却可将电缆温度降低至69℃,而采用R134a两相相变冷却则可将电缆温度降低至40℃以下。电缆温度随两相冷却液流量增加而降低,随套管厚度增加而增加,套管厚度相较冷却液流量对电缆温度的影响更为显著。

某太阳能热发电项目导热油管道保温厚度优化研究

储热型槽式太阳能热发电项目在集热场中使用导热油管道数量多,因此消耗保温材料量及施工量大,针对导热油管道保温层厚度进行合理优化,可以提高整个项目的经济性。以某储热型槽式太阳能热发电项目导热油管道为例,结合保温材料的相关费用及保温厚度的技术要求等,对管道保温厚度进行合理性优化,从而达到项目的经济性最优。优化后的结果作为项目导热油管道保温层设计变更的有效依据。

光热发电导热油泄漏在线检测方法研究

针对光热发电导热油泄漏检测指标需求,基于MOS气体传感器技术提出了一种光热发电导热油泄漏检测方法,并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性。采用MOS气体传感器,通过气体改变金属氧化物涂层上的电子浓度,建立导热油检测数学模型,针对采集数据的非线性、非平稳特点,分别采用小波变换、快速傅里叶和希尔伯特黄3种降噪算法对MOS传感器输出信号进行降噪处理。实验结果表明:该检测方法在响应时间为8 s时,达到稳定测量值90%、检出限小于20 ppm,且稳定性好,测量精度高,达到了系统的设计要求。

超临界二氧化碳发电循环回热器及预冷器方案论证

回热器及预冷器是超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环发电中核心换热部件,它们的高效性和经济性对于循环的应用意义重大,为了切实比较回热器及预冷器采用印刷电路板式换热器及管壳式换热器的差异,本文以某工程参数为基础,分别设计了两种换热器的工程方案,并对两种方案的传热性能及经济性进行比较分析。

浅谈槽式光热电站废气VOCs在线监测系统的应用及排放指标的控制措施

近年来,随着光热发电企业的大量兴起,涉及的环保要求不断提高。作为利用有机热载体为介质的新能源光热发电企业,发电过程中会产生一定量的VOCs废气。目前污染物的种类日益增多,生态环境污染负荷持续增加。为切实落实“双碳”相关政策和达到污染排放要求,确保新能源发电行业不会对周围环境造成污染、对人们的生命健康造成破坏,现阶段,废气排放系统增设VOCs在线监测系统势在必行。有效控制废气排放的各项措施,也是光热发电企业落实国家政策的真正环保型的新能源行业带头兵。

火力发电厂回转式空气预热器性能改造研究

文章系统分析预热器运行现状,针对换热效率低、漏风量大等关键问题,提出创新的综合改造方案。该方案包括应用新型密封技术、优化换热元件以及使用高频声波吹灰装置等措施。通过对某电厂机组预热器的实验改造,评估方案的实际效果。实验结果表明,改造后预热器的热效率显著提高,漏风率大幅降低,换热端温差明显减小,比热耗和热损失均得到改善,说明所提出的改造方案可以显著提升回转式空气预热器的性能。

New thermal optimization scheme of power module in solid-state amplifier

The new 1 kW power module for ADS project needs the optimization of cooling design including water flow and tunnel layout, and the water flow of three tons per hour was chosen to be a goal for a 20 kW power source.According to analysis from the insertion and integrated loss, about 24 modules were integrated into the rated power. Thus, every module has a cooling flow of 2.1 L/min for RF heat load and power supply loss, which is very hard to achieve if no special consideration and techniques. A new thermal simulation method was introduced for thermal analysis of cooling plate through CST multi-physics suite,especially for temperature of power LDMOS transistor.Some specific measures carried out for the higher heat transfer were also presented in this paper.

Experimental Studies on Thermal Performance of a Pulsating Heat Pipe with Methanol/DI Water

The effect of working fluid on the start-up and thermal performance in terms of thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient of a pulsating heat pipe have been studied in the present paper. Methanol and de-ionized water has been selected as the working fluid. The minimum startup power for DI water was obtained at 50% filling ratio and for methanol at 40%. The optimum filling ratio in terms of minimum startup power and minimum thermal resistance was 50% for DI water and 40% for methanol. The minimum thermal resistances for DI water and methanol were observed at vertical orientation. The evaporator side heat transfer coefficient for water was slightly more, while the condenser side heat transfer coefficient was appreciably more than that of methanol. Studies were also conducted for start-up time and temperature at different orientations and it was found that the PHP charged with methanol worked efficiently at all orientations.

环形翅片对用于太阳能光热电站的相变储热罐蓄热性能的影响

传热翅片可用于改善相变类材料(PCM)储热罐的运行性能。基于COMSOL软件,初步评估了环形翅片参数(翅片长度、厚度及倾斜角度)对双套管式相变储热罐蓄热性能的影响。结果表明:随着翅片长度从1.0 m增加到1.2 m,相变熔盐的总熔化时间从8 h缩短到5 h;当翅片厚度从40 mm增加到60 mm时,相变熔盐的总熔化时间从10 h缩短至6 h左右,平均蓄热速率从1.3×10^(8)k J/h增加到14.8×10^(8)k J/h;当翅片角度为–15°时,储热罐内PCM的总熔化时间最短,平均蓄热速率最大,为14.3×10^(8)k J/h,对于本文双套管式PCM储热罐,最佳倾斜角度为–15°。研究结果可为用于太阳能光热电站的双套管式相变储热罐的设计提供依据。