Effect of scanning speed during PTA remelting treatment on the microstructure and wear resistance of nodular cast iron

The surface of nodular cast iron （NCI） with a ferrite substrate was rapidly remelted and solidified by plasma transferred arc （PTA） to induce a chilled structure with high hardness and favorable wear resistance. The effect of scanning speed on the microstructure, micro-hardness distribution, and wear properties of PTA-remelted specimens was systematically investigated. Microstructural characterization in-dicated that the PTA remelting treatment could dissolve most graphite nodules and that the crystallized primary austenite dendrites were transformed into cementite, martensite, an interdendritic network of ledeburite eutectic, and certain residual austenite during rapid solidifica-tion. The dimensions of the remelted zone and its dendrites increase with decreased scanning speed. The microhardness of the remelted zone varied in the range of 650 HV0.2 to 820 HV0.2, which is approximately 2.3-3.1 times higher than the hardness of the substrate. The wear re-sistance of NCI was also significantly improved after the PTA remelting treatment.

Effects of Light and Heavy Rare Earths on Anti-Degradation of Nodular Cast Iron

The effects of rare earths with different contents on anti-degradation of Y base heavy rare earths-magnesium and cerium base light rare earths-magnesium nodular cast iron were studied. Curves of the relationship between the spheroidization grade of liguid iron treated by different nodulizers and holding time were obtained. The results show that the more the remains of the rare earth, the longer the anti-degradation time, the liquid iron was treated either by Y-Mg-Si or by Ce-Mg-Si nodulizer. When the rare earth remains are above certain quantity, the spheroidization grade starts to decline. When liquid iron treated by either Y-Mg-Si or Ce-Mg-Si nodulizer with proper remains of rare earths about 0.04% 0.06%（mass fraction）, the anti-degradation is the best, and the remains of Mg being about 0.04% -0.07% （mass fraction）. Rare earths-Mg nodulizer with moderate RE remains is better than that of Mg-Si nodulizer in anti-degradation property. However, Y-Mg-Si nodulizer with moderate remins of Re is better than Ce-Mg-Si nodulizer. Sometimes Ce-Mg- Si nodulizer can be used for the production of heavy section nodular cast iron.

Centrifugal Casting of High Speed Steel/Nodular Cast Iron Compound Roll Collar

The centrifugal casting of compound HSS/nodular cast iron roll collar was studied,and the factors affecting transition zone quality were analyzed.The pouring temperature and interval in pouring are the main factors affecting transition zone quality.By controlling process parameter and flux adding during casting,high quality roll collar was obtained.The cause,why in the casting of HSS part,segregation appears easily,was analyzed and the countermeasure eliminating segregation was put forward,the measure eliminating heat treatment crackling was also put forward.

Effect of nodularity on mechanical properties and fracture of ferritic spheroidal graphite iron

Ferritic spheroidal graphite irons with nodularity from 72%to 96%were prepared.The relationship between the nodularity and the mechanical properties of the ferritic spheroidal graphite iron was investigated.The effect of nodularity on the mechanical properties and tensile fracture of the cast iron were studied.Results showed that the tensile strength Rm,yield strength Rp0.2,elongation to failure A5,and impact energy KV2 of the cast iron had a good linear relationship with its nodularity.Nodularity and annealing treatment would obviously affect the fracture characteristics of ferritic spheroidal graphite iron.The annealed ferritic spheroidal graphite iron with 93%nodularity showed a completely ductile rupture.With the decrease of nodularity from 93%to 72%,the cleavage fracture area ratio increased gradually from 0%to 8.3%.Compared with as-cast ferritic spheroidal graphite iron,annealing treatment reduced the cleavage fracture area of the ferritic spheroidal graphite iron.

Analysis of reasons causing riser feeding failure in nodular iron castings production

In addition to mold rigidity and metallurgical quality of iron melting, the main reasons causing riser feeding failure in nodular iron castings production are: (a) open and cold metal flowing-over risers were adopted; (b) riser location was not proper; (c) riser was too small or/and not enough high; (d) ingates did not freeze up instantly as soon as pouring finished; (e) there’re isolated hot spots in the casting which are not connected with feeding channel of the riser; (f) the feeding channel of castings with small size and thin sections is too narrow for feeding liquid to enter casting; and so on.

SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR OF VC PARTICLES IN FERRITIC NODULAR CAST IRON

Size distribution and precipitation of VC particles in ferritic nodular cast iron have been examined by techniques of ultrasonic screening,small angle X-ray scattering and chemical dissolution.The VC particles are sized over a wide range.The superfine ones, dispersed in the ferritic matrix,are the majority.A saturated dispersion with ultrafine VC particles may be approached as the V content increasing in the iron.Thi5 seems to play an important role in the precipitation strengthening for ferritic nodular cast iron.

Enhancement of Heat-Resistance of Carbonyl Iron Particles by Coating with Silica and Consequent Changes in Electromagnetic Properties

Silica-coated carbonyl iron particles （CIPs） are fabricated with the Stober method to improve their heat-resistance and wave-aSsorption properties. The morphology, heat-resistance, electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption of raw-CIPs and silica-coated CIPs are investigated using a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive spectrometer, a thermal-gravimetric analyzer, and a network analyzer. The results show that the heat-resistance of silica-coated CIPs is better than that of raw CIFs. The reflection losses exceeding -lOdB of silica-coated CIPs are obtained in the frequency range 9.5-12.4 GHz for the absorber thickness of 2.3 mm, and the same reflection losses of uncoated CIPs reach the data in the lower frequency range for the same thickness. The enhanced microwave absorption of silica-coated CIPs can be ascribed to the combination of proper electromagnetic impedance match and the decrease of dielectric permittivity.

Strength distribution at interface of rotary-friction-welded aluminum to nodular cast iron

The morphology,size and composition of intermetallic compound at the interface of Al 1050 and nodular cast iron were studied by electron microprobe analysis(EMPA)and scan electron microscopy(SEM),respectively.The bond strength of the interface was measured by the tensile tests and the morphology of the fracture surface was observed by SEM.The observation of the interface reveals that there are two distinct morphologies:no intermetallic compound exists in the central area at the interface;while numbers of intermetallic compounds(FexAly)are formed in the peripheral area due to the overfull heat input.The tensile tests indicate that the distribution of strength in radial direction at the interface is inhomogeneous,and the central area of the interface performs greater bond strength than the peripheral area,which proves directly that the FexAly intermetallic compounds have a negative effect on the integration of interface.The morphology on the fracture surface shows that the facture in the central area at the interface has characteristic of the ductile micro-void facture.So it is important to restrain the form of the intermetallic compound to increase the bond strength of the Al 1050 and nodular cast iron by optimizing welding parameters and the geometry of components.

PIXE ANALYSIS OF GRAPHITE PHASE IN NODULAR CAST IRON

The graphite phase has been extracted from the nodular cast iron to measure the concentration of trace element in it. The impurity phase was removed from the extracted matter by dissolving it with HCl and HCl+H2O2 to get the pure graphite phase. PIXE measurements were performed with thick targets of the pure graphite phase. Differences in the trace element concentrations between the graphite phase and the matrix have been observed. The effect of Ti and As in graphite phase on the nodularization rate and the mechanical properties have been studied.

LASER ALLOYING ON CHROMIUM-COATED SURFACE OF NODULAR CAST IRON

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＬａｓｅｒａｌｏｙｉｎｇｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｍａｋｅｓｌａｓｅｒｂｅａｍｈｅａｔ，ａｎｄｍｅｌｔｏｒｓｏｌｉｄｉｆｙｍｅｔａｌｓｕｒｆａｃｅｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｂｙｈｅａｔｉｎｇｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｉｔｓｏｗｎｂｏｄｙ．Ｄｕｅｔ...

Study on numerical simulation of nodular graphite iron microstructure formation

In this paper, the mathematical and physical model was developed based on thermodynamics and solidification theory before the eutectoid transformation of nodular graphite iron occurred. The Local Element Substitute and Magnification Method was brought forward and 3-dimensional numerical simulation program based on the model and the new assistant algorithm was developed and used to calculate the samples. Results of calculation have good agreement with experimental data. To display the microstructure formation during solidification of nodular graphite iron, a 2-dimensional numerical simulation program combined with the result of the 3-dimensional numerical simulation of experimental samples was compiled.

Research on nodular iron joint welded with nickel-iron electrode by the moire fringe method

Nickel-iron type cast iron electrodes are widely used for welding QT600-3 nodular iron.Nevertheless,the research work has demonstrated that the strength of these heterogeneous welded joints is low.In this paper,the uni- axial tension of the joints is studied by the Moire fringe method,and the dis- placement,strain and stress in the total fields are obtaind.Based on the uneven distribution of strain and stress,the reason of crack initiation and propagation is discussed.Through examining the appearance of the fracture by scanning elec- tron microscope,a lot of spherical substances distributed on the fracture surface are found,which may be another reason leading to cracking of the welded joint under the lower tensile stress.These new findings will help to improve the properties of nickel-iron type cast iron electrodes and the strength of the welded joint.

Strength Characteristics of Inoculated and Nodularised Thin Wall Ductile Iron Castings

Carbide precipitates in Thin Wall Ductile Iron (TWDI) used for automotive applications needs to be eliminated or reduced for improved strength, ductility, crack propagation resistance and good machinability. Ductile iron thin section profiles (≤3 mm) present danger of massive carbide precipitations in the as-cast sample. Precipitated carbide phase is brittle and negatively affects the mechanical properties of the iron matrix. The suppression of carbide formation is associated with the nucleating properties of the nodularizer and innoculant alloys. This treatment is vital in ensuring that carbide precipitation, flake graphite structure and non-nodular graphite phases are reduced or completely eliminated in the TWDI castings. Therefore, the temperature and technique of treatment would influence the yield of the process, and ultimately the mechanical properties. In this study, the effect of nodularization and inoculation treatment temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TWDI castings is examined. The results indicate that good nodularity and nodule count with better percent elongations are achieved using low treatment temperatures in descending order of 1490°C, 1470°C and 1450°C, but have negative effect at lower treatment temperature of 1430°C. However, TWDI castings have superior properties in terms of nodule counts and nodularity at 1450°C. Treatment temperature does not produce significant influence on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and hardness of TWDI castings. TWDI castings show poor nodularity, nodule count and ductility at higher inoculation treatment temperatures of 1550°C, 1530°C and 1510°C.

Feasibility and practice of nodular iron casting feeder-less production

The volumetric changes of castings and dimension changes of mould cavity occurring during liquid cooling and solidification of nodular iron castings were described. The feasibility and prerequisites to realize feeder-less production of nodular iron castings was analyzed and proved with practical examples. It was pointed out that the feeder-less foundry method is by no means a feeding-less method, and it was emphasized that adopting high carbon equivalent, high rigidity mould, simultaneous and synchronous solidification, and intensifying cooling capacity of the mould to increase feeding effect of the gating system are important to successfully realize feeder-less production of nodular iron castings.

工艺参数对球墨铸铁和低碳钢激光焊接的影响

为了提高球墨铸铁和低碳钢焊接接头力学性能,解决容易开裂的问题,采用激光焊接的方法对球墨铸铁和低碳钢进行焊接,研究了工艺参数对其焊接接头的组织和性能影响。结果表明,随着激光功率逐渐增加或焊接速率的逐渐变缓,试验件抗拉强度呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势;当焊接功率为4250 W和焊接速率为2.4 m/min时,试样件焊接接头的强度处于极值400 MPa;在球墨铸铁侧热影响区内形成3种壳体结构(双壳结构、单壳结构和无核结构);焊缝区组织主要由树枝晶组织、少量的马氏体和莱氏体组织构成;焊缝区存在微裂纹,通过添加镍基材料可获得无裂纹焊缝,并提升抗拉强度约40 MPa,达到母材的95%。该研究对后续球墨铸铁与低碳钢高功率激光焊接工艺优化是有帮助的。

基于仿真优化的一体化连接支架的设计开发

针对商用车行业应用的钣金冲焊连接支架存在的可制造性不良问题,运用结构应力有限元和铸造工艺仿真相结合方法进行全新结构设计开发。经结构、工艺设计与选材优化,新开发的球墨铸铁一体化铸造连接支架经X射线探伤检测,整体未见缩孔、缩松类缺陷,铸造质量良好,较现钣金冲焊结构实现减重23%、降成本25%的精益目标,且具有更好的承载可靠性。整车可靠性验证表明,新开发结构符合整车可靠性,达成车辆品质要求。

Microstructure and properties of LZQT600-3 HCCDIBs for plunger pump cylinder

It is important to improve the comprehensive performance of the ductile iron bars(DIBs)for the cylinder block of the extra high pressure hydraulic plunger pump and accelerate the industrial application.In this work,the LZQT600-3 DIBs with the diameter of 145 mm were prepared by the horizontal continuous casting(HCC)process,that is,LZQT600-3 HCCDIBs.The microstructure and room temperature tensile properties of different sections[left-edge(surface layer),left-1/2R(left half of the radius),and the center of the HCCDIBs]were studied.The results show that the spheroidization of LZQT600-3 HCCDIBs matrix from the left-edge,left-1/2R to the center is at nodulizing grade II and above.As the cooling rate gradually decreases from surface to the center of the HCCIBs,the number of spheroidized graphite is gradually reduced,the size is gradually increased,the shape factor is decreased,and the pearlite content and lamellate spacing are increased.Along the horizontal direction of the section,the hardness of the material is distributed symmetrically around the center of the HCCDIBs.In the vertical direction,the hardness distribution in the center of the HCCDIBs is asymmetrical due to the gravity during the solidification process.Therefore,the microstructure in the lower part of the section solidifies relatively quickly.The left-edge has the best tensile mechanical properties,and the ultimate tensile strength,yield tensile strength and elongation are 597.3 MPa,418.5 MPa and 9.6%,respectively.The tensile fracture belongs to the ductile-brittle hybrid fracture.The comprehensive performances of LZQT600-3 HCCDIBs meet the actual application requirements of ultra-high pressure hydraulic plunger pump cylinder.

基于数值模拟的皮带轮铸造工艺设计及优化

介绍了皮带轮铸件的结构及技术要求,详细阐述了铸造工艺设计、试制以及验证过程。采用发热冒口与冷铁相配合进行工艺设计,运用MAGMA数值模拟软件对4个工艺方案的缩松情况和凝固过程进行模拟分析,最终通过调整冒口颈的尺寸和形状,解决了冒口颈缩孔的缺陷问题,通过增加冒口,以及冷铁的配合使用,缩短铸件的热节补缩距离,解决铸件的内部缩松缺陷问题。

球墨铸铁灌浆套筒的铸造工艺优化

介绍了球墨铸铁灌浆套筒铸件的结构及技术要求,针对DISA垂直无箱造型湿型砂铸造生产球墨铸铁灌浆套筒中存在的缩孔和流痕色差问题,应用MAGMA数值模拟软件对现有球墨铸铁灌浆套筒铸造工艺进行数值模拟分析,得到铸件缺陷产生的原因,并通过优化内浇道尺寸和增加保温块,加快充型速度,提高浇注温度等措施,有效解决了铸件缩孔及管身流痕色差问题,同时,通过对铸件生产过程中的关键质量点进行严格管控,使铸件的金相组织和力学性能也均满足技术要求。