Influence of liquid film shape on evaporation performance of agitated thin film evaporator

The agitated thin film evaporator(ATFE),which is known for its high efficiency,force the material to form a film through the scraping process of a scraper,followed by evaporation and purification.The complex shape of the liquid film inside the evaporator can significantly affect its evaporation capability.This work explores how change in shape of the liquid films affect the evaporation of the materials with non-Newtonian characteristics,achieved by changing the structure of the scraper.Examining the distribution of circumferential temperature,viscosity,and mass transfer of the flat liquid film shows that the film evaporates rapidly in shear-thinning region.Various wavy liquid films are developed by using shear-thinning theory,emphasizing the flow condition in the thinning area and the factors contributing to the exceptional evaporation capability.Further exploration is conducted on the spread patterns of the wavy liquid film and flat liquid film on the evaporation wall throughout the process.It is noted that breaking the wavy liquid film on the evaporating wall during evaporation is challenging due to its film-forming condition.For which the fundamental causes are demonstrated by acquiring the data regarding the flow rate and temperature of the liquid film.The definitive findings of the analysis reveal a significant improvement in the evaporation capability of the wavy liquid film.This enhancement is attributed to increasing the shear-thinning areas and maintaining the overall shape of the film throughout the entire evaporation process.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND DESIGN ON HEAT TRANSFER OF EVAPORATOR USED IN THE LARGE QUICK FREEZE PLANT

The evaporator is the main part of a quick-freeze equipment. There are many factors influencing the heat transfer coefficient of an evaporator. The most important factors among them are the fin shape, tube diameter, distance of fin space, frost, and velocity of air flow etc. They mainly influence the thermal efficiency of an evaporator, and therefore its thermal efficiency has direct relationship with the whole efficiency of the quick freeze plant. Evaporators with different structural types have different heat transfer efficiency, in order to obtain high efficiency structure of evaporator, 8 evaporator models with different fin shape, tube diameter and tube arrangement are analyzed and compared. The calculation results show that the integral waved fins, equilateral-triangle arranged small diameter tubes and varying fin-spacing has the highest heat transfer coefficient. The experimental result also shows that the evaporator with this type of structure has better thermal efficiency. The experimental result is in good agreement with the calculation result, it can instruct engineering design for usual designer. A real quick-freeze equipment is designed and put into production. The result shows that, compared with traditional domestic quick-freeze equipments, this equipment decreases by 40% in size and by 20% in energy consumption.

THEORETIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF NONFERROUS METALS BY VACUUM DISTILLATION

The expressions of heat of evaporation for metals at different temperatures were deduced from Clausius-Clapeyron equation and the total change of enthalpy.Those of Pb,Cd and Zn were calculated.Results showed that theoretic energy consumption decreased a little with the decrease of e-vaporation temperature,which can be used to determine the energy demand while these metals are distilled at different process temperatures and pressures.

Convective Boiling of Near-Azeotropic Refrigerant R410A in the Horizontal Micro-fin Tube

Using near-azeotropic refrigerant R410A as the working fluid, the experimental studies on the horizontal micro-fin tubes were conducted. Several factors affecting heat transfer coefficients were analyzed, and the characteristics of flow boiling of the refrigerant in the horizontal micro-fin tubes were discussed. The local heat transfer coefficients increase with mass flux, heat flux and quality. And the heat transfer enhancement factor of those testing tubes is about 1.6 to 2.2.

Specifications of nanosecond laser ablation with solid targets,aluminum,silicon rubber,and polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)

The ablation parameters such as threshold fluence, etch depth, ablation rate and the effect of material targets were investigated under the interaction of laser pulse with low intensity. The parameters of the laser system are： laser pulse energy in the range of 110–140 m J, wavelength1064 nm and pulse duration 20 ns. By macroscopic estimation of the outward images of the ablation and data obtained, we can conclude that the photothermal and photoionization processes have more influence for aluminum ablation. In contrast, for polymer samples, from the macroscopic observation of the border pattern at the irradiated spot, and also the data obtained from the experiment results, we deduce that both chemical change due to heating and photochemical dissociation were effective mechanisms of ablation. However, concerning the two polymer samples, apart from considering the same theoretical ablation model, it is conceived that the photomehanical specifications of PMMA are involved in the ablation parameters. The threshold fluence for an ablation rate of 30 laser shots were obtained as 12.4, 24.64, and 11.71 J cm^（-2）, for aluminum, silicon rubber and polymethylmethacrylate（PMMA） respectively.The ablation rate is exponentially decreased by the laser-shot number, especially for aluminum.Furthermore, the etch depth after 30 laser shots was measured as 180, 630 and 870 μm, for aluminum, silicon rubber and PMMA, respectively.

Influence of Tube's Diameter on Boiling Heat TransferPerformance in Small Diameter Tubes

This paper reports the experiments of evaporation study in 6 mm inner copper diamter tubes us-ing HFC-134a, HCFC-22 and CFC-12 as working nuid. The results show that the evaporation heat transfer coefficient increases with the decreasing of inner diameter of tubes. A new concept of non-dimensional tube diameter U is proposed in this paper for correction of the influence of the tube diameter on the evaporation heat transfer coefficient. And further, a convnient empirical correction mehod is pented.