Physical, Psychological, and Social Health Impact of Temperature Rise Due to Urban Heat Island Phenomenon and Its Associated Factors

The Urban Heat Island Effect（UHI）has now become a commonly observed phenomenon worldwide.Indeed,it has become a significant environmental effect of urbanisation.In Malaysia,research results showed that UHI effects are very evident in several cities such as Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.UHI effect has long been observed to cause temperature of cities.

Numerical analysis of 3D spot continual induction hardening on curved surface of AISI 1045 steel

In order to investigate and predict the material properties of curved surface AISI 1045 steel component during spot continual induction hardening(SCIH),a 3D model for curved surface workpieces which coupled electromagnetic,temperature and phase transformation fields was built by finite element software ANSYS.A small size inductor and magnetizer were used in this model,which can move along the top surface of workpiece flexibly.The effect of inductor moving velocity and workpiece radius on temperature field was analyzed and the heating delay phenomenon was found through comparing the simulated results.The temperature field results indicate that the heating delay phenomenon is more obvious under high inductor moving velocity condition.This trend becomes more obvious if the workpiece radius becomes larger.The predictions of microstructure and micro-hardness distribution were also carried out via this model.The predicted results show that the inductor moving velocity is the dominated factor for the distribution of 100% martensite region and phase transformation region.The influencing factor of workpiece radius on 100% martensite region and phase transformation region distribution is obvious under relatively high inductor moving velocity but inconspicuous under relatively low inductor moving velocity.

Effect of temperature on milk fats of cow,buffalo,and goat used for frying local food products

Objectives:Thermal processes,such as refining and frying,result in the formation of trans fatty acids(TFAs)in edible oils or fats.Concerning the detrimental effect of TFAs on human health,milk fat samples of cow,buffalo,and goat are collected in order to elucidate TFAs accumulation during thermal processing.Methods:The increased amount of TFAs due to heating is analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy in conjunction with second-derivative treatment and gas chromatographic(GC)analysis.Results:The total amount of TFAs has been increased from 7.71 to 8.25 per cent for cow milk fat,7.12 to 7.82 per cent for buffalo milk fat,and from 6.82 to 7.61 per cent for goat milk fat on heating the samples to 125°C-175°C as predicted by GC.Conclusions:Local food products fried in these milk fats are hence very harmful to human health.These results demonstrate that thermally induced TFAs in milk fats are closely related to the process temperature and time,which should be considered to reduce the formation of TFAs during thermal treatment.