Air pollution is one of the top environmental concerns and causes of deaths and variousdiseases worldwide. In this paper, PM2.5 observation data at 1,497 automatic air quality-monitoringstations in 367 cities of China...Air pollution is one of the top environmental concerns and causes of deaths and variousdiseases worldwide. In this paper, PM2.5 observation data at 1,497 automatic air quality-monitoringstations in 367 cities of China in 2015 were utilized, and the study on spatiotemporal distribution of PM2.5concentration found that the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in urban China in 2015 was 49.74 μg/m3and exceeded the annual average limit in 287 cities. PM2.5 concentrations were highest in winter and lowestin summer in most cities, but it reached the highest in spring in the cities around Taklimakan Desert. Therewere 320 fi ne days in 2015 and the maximum PM2.5 was prone to appear at night, the minimum was usuallyin the afternoon, but in the early morning in Lhasa, and the minimum in winter was even in the earlymorning, midday and afternoon in some cities. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 were found in the EastChina Plain and the cities around Taklimakan Desert, preceded by the Yangtze River Delta economic zone,Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone and Harbin-Changchun megalopolis, while the lower values coveredthe northwestern region of Xinjiang, Heilongjiang Xing’an Mountains region, northeast high latitudes ofInner Mongolia, southwest high altitudes in the border area of Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau andthe southeast coastal areas.展开更多
The Tongon mine, the largest gold mine in C?te d’Ivoire, has been in operation since April 2010. However, to our knowledge to date, no study has been conducted on metallic contamination in suspended particulate matte...The Tongon mine, the largest gold mine in C?te d’Ivoire, has been in operation since April 2010. However, to our knowledge to date, no study has been conducted on metallic contamination in suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) where there is a lack of information on the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk to human health associated with the exposure of populations in the Tongon area to these pollutants. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the level of contamination of PM<sub>10</sub>;PM<sub>2.5</sub> by heavy metals and their impact on the health of populations exposed to these pollutants in the Tongon gold mine area. The sampling and measurement of suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were done using a MiniVol TAS passive air sampler. Heavy metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (Nex ION 2000 ICP-MS, USA). The results indicate that the average concentrations of suspended particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) obtained are all above the recommended exposure limits. In addition, among the heavy metals contained in the suspended particles, the concentrations of arsenic and nickel are high and all above the standard limit values. The assessment of the health risks related to the inhalation of PM<sub>10</sub> particles reveals that their inhalation over a long period could cause a carcinogenic risk.展开更多
鉴于烟台市本地化源成分谱研究缺乏的现状,以及颗粒物精细化来源解析及环境管理的需求,采用NK-ZXF颗粒物再悬浮采样器,对6家烟台市典型工业下载灰源样品进行再悬浮采样,构建6类〔燃煤电厂、供热锅炉、生物质锅炉、钢铁(烧结)行业、玻璃...鉴于烟台市本地化源成分谱研究缺乏的现状,以及颗粒物精细化来源解析及环境管理的需求,采用NK-ZXF颗粒物再悬浮采样器,对6家烟台市典型工业下载灰源样品进行再悬浮采样,构建6类〔燃煤电厂、供热锅炉、生物质锅炉、钢铁(烧结)行业、玻璃行业和垃圾处理行业〕PM2.5源成分谱,并对PM2.5源成分谱特征及其排放颗粒物携带重金属特征进行评估.结果表明:①燃煤电厂PM2.5源成分谱的标识组分包括Si、Cl^-和SO4^2-,其质量分数分别为15.2%、9.3%和7.8%;与燃煤电厂相比,供热锅炉排放的PM2.5中w(OC)偏高、w(SO4^2-)偏低;生物质锅炉排放的主要组分有K、Cl^-和OC等,其质量分数分别为7.4%、13.3%和8.6%;钢铁(烧结)行业PM2.5源成分谱中w(Ca)、w(Fe)和w(Cl^-)较高;SO4^2-和Ca为玻璃行业PM2.5源成分谱的主要组分,其质量分数分别为20.6%、8.2%;垃圾处理行业重金属质量分数最高,其主要组分为Cl^-和SO4^2-.②CD (coefficient of divergence,分歧系数)计算结果表明,各源成分谱有一定相异性(CD范围为0.53~0.70),其中生物质锅炉与垃圾处理行业PM2.5源成分谱差异(CD为0.70)最大.③各典型工业排放PM2.5所携带重金属特征显示,垃圾处理行业排放PM2.5中的重金属质量分数(2.3%)最高,燃煤电厂、供热锅炉、生物质锅炉和玻璃行业排放的重金属中Cr、Ni和Cu相对质量分数较高,钢铁行业和垃圾处理行业排放的重金属中Pb相对质量分数较高.研究显示,所构建的烟台市各典型工业排放PM2.5源成分谱特征鲜明,能够反映各行业PM2.5排放特征.展开更多
基金Supported by Guizhou Province Science and Technology Fund(LKT[2012]07,25).
文摘Air pollution is one of the top environmental concerns and causes of deaths and variousdiseases worldwide. In this paper, PM2.5 observation data at 1,497 automatic air quality-monitoringstations in 367 cities of China in 2015 were utilized, and the study on spatiotemporal distribution of PM2.5concentration found that the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in urban China in 2015 was 49.74 μg/m3and exceeded the annual average limit in 287 cities. PM2.5 concentrations were highest in winter and lowestin summer in most cities, but it reached the highest in spring in the cities around Taklimakan Desert. Therewere 320 fi ne days in 2015 and the maximum PM2.5 was prone to appear at night, the minimum was usuallyin the afternoon, but in the early morning in Lhasa, and the minimum in winter was even in the earlymorning, midday and afternoon in some cities. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 were found in the EastChina Plain and the cities around Taklimakan Desert, preceded by the Yangtze River Delta economic zone,Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone and Harbin-Changchun megalopolis, while the lower values coveredthe northwestern region of Xinjiang, Heilongjiang Xing’an Mountains region, northeast high latitudes ofInner Mongolia, southwest high altitudes in the border area of Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau andthe southeast coastal areas.
文摘The Tongon mine, the largest gold mine in C?te d’Ivoire, has been in operation since April 2010. However, to our knowledge to date, no study has been conducted on metallic contamination in suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) where there is a lack of information on the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk to human health associated with the exposure of populations in the Tongon area to these pollutants. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the level of contamination of PM<sub>10</sub>;PM<sub>2.5</sub> by heavy metals and their impact on the health of populations exposed to these pollutants in the Tongon gold mine area. The sampling and measurement of suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were done using a MiniVol TAS passive air sampler. Heavy metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (Nex ION 2000 ICP-MS, USA). The results indicate that the average concentrations of suspended particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) obtained are all above the recommended exposure limits. In addition, among the heavy metals contained in the suspended particles, the concentrations of arsenic and nickel are high and all above the standard limit values. The assessment of the health risks related to the inhalation of PM<sub>10</sub> particles reveals that their inhalation over a long period could cause a carcinogenic risk.
基金国家重点研发计划重点专项(No.2018YFC0214005)国家自然科学基金项目(No.41603102)+2 种基金南开大学环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室开放基金(No.201803)Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0214005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41603012)Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria,Ministry of Education,China(No.201803)
文摘鉴于烟台市本地化源成分谱研究缺乏的现状,以及颗粒物精细化来源解析及环境管理的需求,采用NK-ZXF颗粒物再悬浮采样器,对6家烟台市典型工业下载灰源样品进行再悬浮采样,构建6类〔燃煤电厂、供热锅炉、生物质锅炉、钢铁(烧结)行业、玻璃行业和垃圾处理行业〕PM2.5源成分谱,并对PM2.5源成分谱特征及其排放颗粒物携带重金属特征进行评估.结果表明:①燃煤电厂PM2.5源成分谱的标识组分包括Si、Cl^-和SO4^2-,其质量分数分别为15.2%、9.3%和7.8%;与燃煤电厂相比,供热锅炉排放的PM2.5中w(OC)偏高、w(SO4^2-)偏低;生物质锅炉排放的主要组分有K、Cl^-和OC等,其质量分数分别为7.4%、13.3%和8.6%;钢铁(烧结)行业PM2.5源成分谱中w(Ca)、w(Fe)和w(Cl^-)较高;SO4^2-和Ca为玻璃行业PM2.5源成分谱的主要组分,其质量分数分别为20.6%、8.2%;垃圾处理行业重金属质量分数最高,其主要组分为Cl^-和SO4^2-.②CD (coefficient of divergence,分歧系数)计算结果表明,各源成分谱有一定相异性(CD范围为0.53~0.70),其中生物质锅炉与垃圾处理行业PM2.5源成分谱差异(CD为0.70)最大.③各典型工业排放PM2.5所携带重金属特征显示,垃圾处理行业排放PM2.5中的重金属质量分数(2.3%)最高,燃煤电厂、供热锅炉、生物质锅炉和玻璃行业排放的重金属中Cr、Ni和Cu相对质量分数较高,钢铁行业和垃圾处理行业排放的重金属中Pb相对质量分数较高.研究显示,所构建的烟台市各典型工业排放PM2.5源成分谱特征鲜明,能够反映各行业PM2.5排放特征.
