Effect of vacuum heat treatment on microstructure and microhardness of cold sprayed Cu-4Cr-2Nb alloy coating

The effect of vacuum heat treatment on the microstructure and microhardness of cold-sprayed Cu-4%Cr-2%Nb alloy coating was investigated. The heat treatment was conducted under the temperatures from 250 ℃ to 950 ℃ with a step of 100 ℃ for 2 h. It was found that a dense thick Cu-4Cr-2Nb coating could be formed by cold spraying. After heat treatment, a Cr2Nb phase was uniformly distributed in the matrix, which was transferred from the gas-atomized feedstock. A little grain growth of Cr2Nb phase was observed accompanying with the healing-up of the incomplete interfaces between the deposited particles at the elevated temperatures. The coating microhardness increases a little with increasing the temperature to 350 ℃, and then decreases with further increasing temperature up to 950 ℃. This fact can be attributed to the microstructure evolution during the heat treatment.

Effect of vacuum heat treatment on microstructure and corrosion behavior of HVOF sprayed AICoCrFeNiCu high entropy alloy

To improve the corrosion resistance of coalbed methane drilling equipment,an AICoCrFeNiCu high entropy alloy coating was prepared on the AISI 4135(35CrMo)steel substrate by high velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF)technology,and the coating was subjected to vacuum heat treatment(VHT)at different temperatures(500,700,900 and 1100℃).The corrosion test of the substrate and the coatings after VHT in coalbed methane drilling fluid was carried out.The results show that the HVOF sprayed AICoCrFeNiCu high entropy alloy(HEA)coating has a good bonding with the substrate,and the porosity of the coating is about 2.4%.There is partial segregation in the coating,and the coating mainly consists of body-centered cubic phase.The coating has good thermal stability,and the phase structure and microstructure of the coatings have changed after VHT at different temperatures.Compared with the substrate,the as-sprayed coating has better uniform corrosion resistance,and the corrosion resistance of the coating after VHT is further improved.After VHT at 500℃,the HVOF-sprayed AICoCrFeNiCu HEA coating has the best corrosion resistance.

Influence of laser re-melting and vacuum heat treatment on plasma-sprayed FeCoCrNiAl alloy coatings

FeCoCrNiAl high entropy alloy coatings were prepared by supersonic air-plasma spraying.The coatings were post-treated by vacuum heat treatment at 600 and 900°C,and laser re-melting with 300 W,respectively,to study the influence of different treatments on the structure and properties of the coatings.The phase constitution,microstructure and microhardness of the coatings after treatments were investigated using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry.Results showed that the as-sprayed coatings consisted of pure metal and Fe-Cr.The AlNi;phase was obtained after the vacuum heat treatment process.A body-centered cubic structure with less AlNi;could be found in the coating after the laser re-melting process.The average hardness values of the as-sprayed coating and the coatings with two different temperature vacuum heat treatments and with laser re-melting were 177,227,266 and 682 HV,respectively.This suggests that the vacuum heat treatment promoted the alloying process of the coatings,and contributed to the enhancement of the coating wear resistance.The laser re-melted coating showed the best wear resistance.

Effect of bonding temperature and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical property of Mg−6Gd−3Y alloy vacuum diffusion bonded joints

Diffusion bonding of as-cast Mg−6Gd−3Y magnesium alloy was carried out at temperatures of 400−480℃ with bonding pressure of 6 MPa for 90 min.Diffusion bonded joints were solution treated at 495℃ for 14 h and then aged at 200℃ for 30 h.Microstructures and mechanical properties of joints were analyzed.The results showed that rare earth elements and their compounds gathering at bonding interface hindered the grain boundary migration crossing bonding interface.Tensile strength of as-bonded and as-solution treated joints increased firstly and then decreased with the bonding temperature increasing due to the combined effects of grain coarsening and solid-solution strengthening.As-bonded and solution-treated joints fractured at matrix except the joint bonded at 400℃,while aged joints fractured at bonding interface.The highest ultimate tensile strength of 279 MPa with elongation of 2.8%was found in joint bonded at 440℃ with solution treatment followed by aging treatment.

Synergistic effects of composition and heat treatment on microstructure and properties of vacuum die cast Al-Si-Mg-Mn alloys

The purpose of this study was to prepare high-quality Al-Si-Mg-Mn alloy with a good combination of strength and ductility employing the vacuum-assisted high-pressure die cast process. An orthogonal study of heat treatments was conducted to design an optimized T6 heat treatment process for both Al-10%Si-0.3%Mg-Mn and Al-11%Si-0.6%Mg-Mn alloys. The results demonstrate that no obvious blisters and warpage were observed in these two alloys with solid solution treatment. After the optimal T6 heat treatment of 530°C×3 h + 165°C×6 h, Al-11%Si-0.6%Mg-Mn alloy has better mechanical properties, of which tensile strength, yield strength and elongation reached 377.3 MPa, 307.8 MPa and 9%, respectively. The improvement of mechanical properties can be attributed to the high density of needle-like β″(Mg_5Si_6) precipitation after aging treatment and the fine and spherical eutectic Si particles uniformly distributed in the α-Al matrix.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy processed by high-vacuum die-casting

GW63K （Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr） magnesium alloys were prepared successfully by high-vacuum die-casting. Effects of fast shot speed and vacuum level on the grain size and mechanical properties of this alloy were studied. Microstructure of the alloys was analyzed by SEM, EDX and optical microscope （OM）. The effect of heat treatment on high vacuum die-casting （HVDC） GW63K alloy was also studied. The results indicate that with the increase of fast velocity, the tensile yield strength hardly changes, but the elongation first increases, then decreases. The optimum heat treatment process is solution treatment at 748 K for 2 h and aging at 473 K for 80 h. Under this condition, GW63K magnesium alloy exhibits a maximum tensile strength and elongation of 308 MPa and 9.45%. There is significant correlation between ductility and the presence of external solidified cells （ESCs）. The as-cast GW63K alloy consists ofα-Mg and Mg24（Gd,Y）5 particles. After heat treatment, Gd and Y atoms dissolve intoα-Mg matrix.

Cu含量和热处理工艺对Al-Si-Mg-Mn-xCu铸造铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用三维X射线显微镜、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及硬度测试系统研究Cu含量及热处理工艺对真空压铸Al-Si-Mg-Mn-xCu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究发现,虽然Cu含量增加会提高铸锭中气孔的密度和尺寸,但是Cu添加将促进凝固过程中含Cu初生相(Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)和θ-Al_(2)Cu)的形成,从而提高合金性能。合金中形成5种不同结构的初生相,包括共晶Si、α-Al(Fe,Mn)Si、β-Mg_(2)Si、Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)和θ-Al_(2)Cu相。随着Cu含量增加,θ相的面积分数迅速增加,α-Al(Fe,Mn)Si相面积分数首先降低,随后缓慢增加,而Q相的变化趋势与α-Al(Fe,Mn)Si相相反。这些初生相在热处理过程中会出现不同的演变规律。在随后的时效处理过程中,Q'和θ'相的协同析出能显著提高合金的时效硬化潜力。

热处理对高真空压铸AlSi10MnMg合金拉伸性能的影响

分别对高真空压铸AlSi10MnMg合金进行T5(180℃×2 h)、T6(515℃×1 h空冷+175℃×2 h)和T7(460℃×1 h水冷+175℃×2.5 h)热处理,研究了不同热处理条件下该合金的显微组织和拉伸性能。结果表明:经过T5热处理后的铸态试验合金铝基体相长大,圆整度较高,晶粒尺寸主要集中在20~80μm,硅相仍呈细长状,与铸态试验合金相比,试验合金的抗拉强度提高了8.9%,断后伸长率降低了9.1%;经过T6和T7热处理后,铝基体相形状不规则程度降低,晶粒尺寸分别为2~50,2~30μm,组织更均匀致密,硅相由铸态时的细长状演变为规则的圆形,试验合金的抗拉强度分别降低了26.0%和23.9%,断后伸长率分别提高了54.5%和72.7%;铸态和T5态试验合金的拉伸断裂方式均为韧脆混合断裂,T6和T7态试验合金的断裂方式则以韧性断裂为主,其中T7态试验合金拉伸断口中的韧窝细密且深,塑性更好。

飞行保护头盔用TC4护目镜支架的热处理研究

为解决头盔用TC4合金护目镜支架强度低的问题,对其进行真空热处理,用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等研究真空热处理工艺对护目镜支架显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明:在真空度为1×10^(-3)Pa下,1000℃保温20 min后淬火,合金发生相变,平均尺寸为2.6μm的等轴α相转变为宽度约为870 nm的细小片层α相,并弥散分布于β基体中,β晶粒平均尺寸约为260μm。相对原始组织,经真空热处理后,合金屈服强度和抗弯强度分别从1596、1942 MPa提高到1806、2170 MPa,分别提升13%、12%,这是因为纳米片层α相弥散分布的强化效应,显著提升了合金的强度等力学性能。

冷却速率对钴铬钼合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

钴铬钼合金具有较好的生物相容性及耐磨性,是骨关节植入物用最广泛的金属材料。研究了1 150℃保温2 h后空冷、风冷、水冷、气淬不同冷却速度的热处理工艺对钴铬钼合金材料组织与性能的影响。结果显示:随着冷却速度的提升,钴铬钼合金中的碳化物强化相更为细小、更为弥散地分布于基体中,材料强度及塑性均得到较大幅度提升。在真空条件下1 150℃保温2 h,氩气冷却冷速在150℃/min条件下,材料抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别达889 MPa、585 MPa、13%。

Behavior of NiCrAlY coating on the TC6 titanium alloy

A NiCrAlY coating was deposited on the TC6 titanium substrate by arc ion plating （ALP）. The structure and morphologies of the NiCrAlY coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and the influence of vacuum heat treatment on the element diffusion behavior was studied. The results showed that the y＇-Ni3Al phase was precipitated on the NiCrAlY coating after heat treatment. The Ni3（AI,Ti）, TiNi, and Ti2Ni intermetallic layers appeared at the interface from the outside to the inside at 700℃, and the thickness of the intermetallic layers increased with the increase in temperature. At 700℃ Ti and Ni were the major diffusion elements, and the diffusion of Cr was observed when the heat treatment temperature increased up to 870℃. The violent inward diffusion of Ni at 950℃ resulted in the degradation of the NiCrAlY coating.

时效对NiW中/重合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、MT370电子万能试验机和维氏显微硬度仪等研究了不同时效处理条件下Ni-42W-10Co-1Mo中/重合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:合金的初始锻态组织为条带状组织,存在明显的细晶和析出相条带;在600~900℃时效温度范围内,随着温度的升高,合金部分晶粒发生再结晶,相对锻态组织更加均匀,σ析出相由锻态合金中的颗粒状逐步转变为针状和块状μ相(900℃)。经700℃时效,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别由锻态的845.2和1187.3 MPa提高至924.8和1228.8 MPa,但塑性有所降低。而经更高温度(800和900℃)的时效处理,合金强度和塑性均呈明显下降趋势。合金的断裂方式随着时效温度的升高由韧性断裂逐渐变为混合型断裂方式,这主要是由于块状与针状μ相导致的。

前处理及热处理对钛合金化学镀镍层性能影响的研究

为满足新一代战机对减重的要求,钛合金作动筒正逐步替代传统的钢制作动筒。为提升钛合金表面硬度,增强其耐磨性能,开展了钛合金化学镀镍工艺研究,探索不同前处理及热处理方式对镀层性能指标的影响。采用硬度测试仪、扫描电镜、能谱测试仪等对镀镍后TC6钛合金的硬度、厚度、表面形貌、结合力、膜层成分及含氢量进行了检测分析。结果表明,前处理采用低压吹细砂+氢氟酸腐蚀活化,得到结合力良好的Ni-P合金镀层,镀层硬度在各个温度区间内分布均匀且随着温度升高而提升,真空炉399℃热处理,硬度可达900HV,含氢量为104.28ppm,满足产品使用需求。

镁合金压铸真空抽气系统的设计与应用研究

设计了一种含有主、副排气通道的真空抽气系统,主排气通道较副排气通道横截面大,由真空阀控制其开闭,副排气通道采用横截面较小的齿状排气通道,在真空压铸过程中保持全程抽气。研究表明:采用主、副排气通道的真空抽气系统,能够获得外观完整、组织致密的镁合金真空压铸件,气孔率比齿状排气通道压铸件减少48%,T6热处理后气泡减少60%,铸件的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别提高9.3%、10.2%和21.4%。

热处理对AlFeCoCrNiTi_(0.2)高熵合金组织与性能的影响

采用真空吸铸制备了AlFeCoCrNiTi_(0.2)高熵合金,并分别在600、800和1100℃进行退火处理。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、纳米压痕仪、万能力学试验机等对不同热处理温度下的合金微观组织结构及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:铸态和热处理态的AlFeCoCrNiTi_(0.2)高熵合金均为体心立方结构,热处理后由BCC1析出BCC2相形成双相组织(原生相BCC1+析出相BCC2);600℃热处理时的合金硬度为672 HV、弹性模量655.7 GPa、压入深度283.4 nm,压缩塑性28%,断裂强度达到1.75 GPa。而800和1100℃的合金硬度降低,主要是由于BCC相分解形成双相BCC(BCC1+BCC2)固溶体结构,两相间的明显分离使合金强度降低。

ZTA5钛合金薄壁复杂框形底座铸件的研制

采用机加工石墨型铸造工艺,结合模拟仿真对铸件浇注凝固过程和内部缺陷进行分析和预测,确定了ZTA5钛合金框形底座铸件的浇注系统设计和浇注参数,经熔炼浇注、热等静压和真空去应力退火,研制出合格铸件。

真空热处理对95W-3.5Ni-1.5Fe高密度合金组织和性能的影响

研究了真空热处理对95W－3．5Ni－1．5Fe高密度钨合金性能的影响。经真空热处理后，不但消除了氢脆的影响，还减少了磷的晶界偏析程度，使合金强韧性得到了改善。

NiCrAlY涂层/TC4基体界面反应机理

采用电弧离子镀技术在TC4(Ti6Al4V)合金基体表面沉积制备NiCrAlY涂层。通过扫描电镜与能谱分析、X射线衍射分析及显微硬度测试,研究真空热处理对NiCrAlY涂层组织性能的影响;分析界面反应产物的形成过程;讨论Cr元素在界面反应中的作用机制。研究结果表明:真空热处理后NiCrAlY涂层中有γ-′Ni3Al相析出,提高了涂层的表面硬度;在870℃以下热处理,NiCrAlY涂层/TC4基体界面反应产物的出现顺序依次为:相变影响区→Ni3(Al,Ti)和Ti2Ni化合物层→TiNi化合层;Cr元素在870℃以上开始扩散并参与界面反应,形成TiCr2化合物。

铝及铝合金含氟聚合物协合涂层技术研究

研究了铝及铝合金硬质阳极氧化协合含氟聚合物自润滑涂层技术。将铝及铝合金先进行硬质阳极氧化 ,然后采用热浸或二次电解的方法将氟聚合物微粒引入阳极氧化膜微孔及其表面 ,通过真空精密热处理的方法形成协合涂层。协合涂层的显微硬度比普通硬质阳极氧化膜的硬度提高 10 0 0～ 30 0 0MPa(相当于HV0 .5N10 0～ 30 0 )。LC4铝合金涂层硬度可达HV0 .5N6 30～ 6 5 0 ,实现了持久的干膜润滑 ,动摩擦因数降低至 0 .14以下 ,该涂层耐中性盐雾试验 2 0 0 0h ,耐腐蚀性能优良。

铁、镁含量及热处理对压铸铝硅合金组织和拉伸性能的影响

采用普通压铸和真空压铸工艺制备了铁和镁含量不同的铝硅合金,并对它们进行固溶和时效热处理,研究了铁、镁含量对普通压铸合金组织和拉伸性能的影响,以及热处理对真空压铸合金拉伸性能及断口形貌的影响。结果表明:当铝硅合金中镁的质量分数为0.55%时,铁的质量分数不能超过0.60%,否则过量的铁易生成针片状Al9Fe2Si2相,该相会恶化合金的拉伸性能;镁元素的添加能使针片状Al9Fe2Si2相转变为Al8Mg3FeSi6相,在一定程度上消除铁元素的有害影响,提高合金的拉伸性能;辅以真空条件可使压铸合金的抗拉强度提高12%,热处理可使真空压铸合金的抗拉强度提高26.17%。