Contamination and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in topsoil and groundwater around mining and dressing factories in Chifeng,North China

Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s driven by the wide distribution of metal ore processing,mining,and smelting factories in Hexigten Banner and Bairin Left Banner.We conducted surveys to assess the levels of heavy metal(loid)s(Cr,As,Pb,Cd,and Hg)in the topsoil and groundwater of the areas.The results indicated that the concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in partial soil samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of Grade II.Based on contamination assessments,such as geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices,we inferred that Cd,Pb,and As were primary pollutants in topsoil.Potential ecological risks when considered as part of the average risk indices(RI)are up to 1626.40 and 2818.76,respectively,in the two areas.Comparative analysis revealed that Cd posed a very high potential ecological risk,followed by As.Moreover,the evaluation showed that the three exposure pathways of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed a descending order:inhalation>ingestion>dermal contact,except for Pb.Arsenic in topsoil posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health,while there were no adverse efects of As in groundwater.In addition,the average total carcinogenic risk for As in the two areas,as well as the risk of Pb in the topsoil of Bairin Left Banner and all the fve heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater,exceeded human tolerance.Pb–Zn mines caused higher human health risks.In addition,the tandem contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater was not obvious.This research study provides a basis for pollution remediation to control heavy industry-induced ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s.

Multiple assessments, source determination, and health risk apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in the groundwater of the Shule River Basin in northwestern China

Global ecosystems and public health have been greatly impacted by the accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s in water.Source-specific risk apportionment is needed to prevent and manage potential groundwater contamination with heavy metal(loid)s.The heavy metal(loid)s contamination status,water quality,ecological risk,and health risk apportionment of the Shule River Basin groundwater are poorly understood.Therefore,field sampling was performed to explore the water quality and risk of heavy metal(loid)s in the groundwater of the Shule River Basin in northwestern China.A total of 96 samples were collected from the study area to acquire data for water quality and heavy metal(loid)s risk.There was noticeable accumulation of ferrum in the groundwater of the Shule River Basin.The levels of pollution were considered to be moderately low,as evaluated by the degree of contamination,heavy metal evaluation index,heavy metal pollution index,and Nemerow pollution index.The ecological risks were also low.However,an assessment of the water quality index revealed that only 58.34%of the groundwater samples had good water quality.The absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression model was more suited for this study area than the positive matrix factorization model.There were no obvious noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic concerns for all types of receptors according to the values of the total hazard index and total carcinogenic risk.The human activities and the initial geological environment factor(65.85%)was the major source of noncarcinogenic risk(residential children:87.56%;residential adults:87.52%;recreational children:86.77%;and recreational adults:85.42%),while the industrial activity factor(16.36%)was the major source of carcinogenic risk(residential receptors:87.96%;and recreational receptors:68.73%).These findings provide fundamental and crucial information for reducing the health issues caused by heavy metal(loid)s contamination of groundwater in arid areas.

Contamination and Potential Risks of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Chari and Logon Rivers in N’Djamena, Chad

The pollution of sediments by inorganic pollutants requires particularly important attention because of their toxicity, their persistence in the environment and their bioaccumulation by animal and plant life. The pollution of sediments by inorganic pollutants requires particularly important attention because of their toxicity, their persistence in the environment and their bioaccumulation by animal and plant living beings. This study focuses on the pollution of sediments of the Chari and Logon rivers in the city of N’Djamena by heavy metals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of contamination, the geo-accumulation index and the degree of the Pollutant Loading Index of some heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn and Cd) and iron in the sediments of the sampled sites. The average concentrations of heavy metals and iron in the sediments are: Pb (10.00 ± 00 μg/Kg to 126 ± 16.52 μg/Kg);Cr VI (0.13 ± 00 mg/Kg to 0.21 ± 00 mg/Kg);Cd (trace);Cu (0.08 ± 0.02 mg/kg to 3.23 ± 0.64 mg/kg);Fe (0.25 ± 0.00 mg/kg to 5.79 ± 0.00 mg/kg);and Mn (0.2 ± 0.00 mg/Kg to 1.1 ± 0.00 mg/Kg);in order of highest to lowest abundance: Fe > Mn > Cd > Cu > Cr VI > Pb for the Logon;Fe > Cu > Mn > Cd > Cr VI > Pb for the Chari and Fe > Mn > Cu > Cd > Cr VI > Pb for the Confluent. The contamination factors for all heavy metals range from no contamination to low contamination for the sediments analyzed. The geo-accumulation indices indicate that the sampled sites are not polluted. The same is true for Er and RI which confirm an absence of ecological risks in the analyzed sediments.

Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface Waters of Liaohe River, Northeast China

Heavy metal pollutants are a worldwide concern due to slow decomposition, biocondensation, and negative effects on human health. We investigated seasonal and spatial variations of the five heavy metals and evaluated their health risk in the Liaohe River, Northeast China. A total of 324 surface water samples collected from 2009 to 2010 were analyzed. Levels(high to low) of heavy metals in the Liaohe River were: zinc(Zn) > chromium(Cr) > copper(Cu) > cadmium(Cd) > mercury(Hg). Spatial and seasonal changes impacting concentrations of Cu and Zn were significant, but not significant for Cr, Cd and Hg. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were: Hg at Liuheqiao, Cu at Fudedian, Zn at Tongjiangkou, Cr at Mahushan, and Cd at Shenglitang. The highest concentrations of Hg and Cr were found in the wet period, Cu and Cd in the level period, and Zn in the dry period. The surface water of a tributary was an important accumulation site for heavy metals. Health risks from carcinogens and non-carcinogens increased from upstream to downstream in the mainstream of the Liaohe River. The total health risk for one person in the Liaohe River exceeded acceptable levels. The total health risk was the greatest during the wet period and least in the dry period. Among the five heavy metals in the Liaohe River, Cr posed the greatest single health risk.

Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in the Sediment of Turag River, Bangladesh: An Index Analysis Approach

Encroachment, disposal of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater and dumping of solid wastes have degraded the overall quality of the river Turag, which is located in Dhaka—the Capital City of Bangladesh. The present study investigated the extent of pollution of sediments of this river and analyzed the regional variability for the concentrations of Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd—all of concern because of their potential toxicity, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. As per US EPA sediment quality guideline, metal concentrations ranged between Cd: 0.00 - 0.80, Cr: 32.00 - 75.50, Cu: 46.30 - 60.00, Pb: 28.30 - 36.40, and Zn: 94.60 - 190.10 mg/kg in the Turag river sediments. Cr, Cu, Zn belongs to moderately to highly polluted, Pb and Cd belongs to not polluted for Turag river. The heavy metals contamination in the sediments were also evaluated by applying Index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index (PLI) etc. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test (US EPA 1311) for sediment samples have been performed also for metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) to determine the readily toxicity level of heavy metals. Sieve analysis of sediment performed in this study to determine the physical characteristic of sediment samples. The metal concentrations are well below the regulated level as per US EPA. This index can be complemented with the contamination index, which allows more site-specific and accurate information on contaminant levels. If the aim of work on contamination evaluation is to assess the overall contamination of a study area, the indices are highly appropriate.

Heavy Metal Pollution Status and Health Risk Assessment in the Longjiang River

[Objectives] The purpose of this research was to investigate the water quality of the Longjiang River in Guangxi. Concentrations of heavy metals( As,Cd,Zn,Pb and Cu) in the surface water of Longjiang River were analyzed to figure out the distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollutants in this area. [Methods]The Nemerow comprehensive index method and the health risk assessment model were adopted to evaluate the grade of Longjiang River water quality and the health risk level imposed by heavy metals in the water. [Results] The concentrations of heavy metals in each sampling point conformed to Grade-II water quality standard. The water samples collected on 13 sampling points of the Longjiang River were clean and not polluted by heavy metals. The health risk values of heavy metals As and Zn were greater than Cd,Pb and Cu in the Longjiang River,but still lower than the maximum acceptable risk level 5. 0 × 10^(-5)a^(-1). [Conclusions]Water quality condition reflected by the comprehensive pollution index and the health risk value of heavy metal was consistent in the Longjiang River,showing as that the value in middle and lower reaches was slightly higher than in the upper reaches. As is the major pollutant of water environment health risk in the Longjiang River,and it should be regarded as the key object of water environment risk management in Longjiang River.

Heavy Metal Contamination of Vegetables

In India, several (>50) vegetables are widely used as food due to their high nutrition values. However, vegetables in industrial area are getting contaminated with heavy metals by disturbing biological and biochemical processes in the human body. In present study, the risk of human health by heavy metals (Fe, As, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg) through the intake of common vegetables i.e. Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Amaranthus tricolor L., Chenopodium album L., Spinacia oleracea and Coriandrum sativum obtained from the largest coal burning basin, Korba, India is described . The concentration of Fe, As, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg in the soils (n = 6) was ranged from 18,328 - 37,980, 85 - 105, 34 - 72, 314 - 760, 146 - 165, 126 - 164, 1.11 - 1.39, 116 - 148 and 0.11 - 0.21 mg/kg with mean value (p = 0.05) of 28,011 ± 6582, 96 ± 6, 57 ± 11, 597 ± 148, 153 ± 5, 145 ± 11, 1.26 ± 0.10, 133 ± 11 and 0.16 ± 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. The contamination, sources and bioaccumulation, pollution and health risk indices of the heavy metals i.e. As, Fe, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg in the plants are described.

Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust in Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, North China

The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration and spatial distribu- tion patterns of 9 potentially toxic heavy metal elements （As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu, Z.n, Mn, and Ni） in road dust in the Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, China. Contamination levels were evaluated using the geoaccumulation index and the enrichment factor. Human health risks for each heavy metal element were assessed using a human exposure model. Results showed that the dust contained significantly elevated heavy metal elements concen- trations compared with the background soil. The spatial distribution pattern of all tested met- als except for As coincided with the locations of industrial areas while the spatial distribution of As was associated with domestic sources. The contamination evaluation indicated that Cd, Pb, and Mn in road dust mainly originated from anthropogenic sources with a rating of ＂heav- ily polluted＂ to ＂extremely polluted,＂ whereas the remaining metals originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources with a level of ＂moderately polluted＂. The non-cancer health risk assessment showed that ingestion was the primary exposure route for all metals in the road dust and that Mn, Cr, Pb, and As were the main contributors to non-cancer risks in both children and adults. Higher HI values were calculated for children （H1=1.89）, indicating that children will likely experience higher health risks compared with adults （H1=0.23）. The cancer risk assessment showed that Cr was the main contributor, with cancer risks which were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those for other metals. Taken in concert, the non-cancer risks posed by all studied heavy metal elements and the cancer risks posed by As Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni to both children and adults in Bayan Obo Mining Region fell within the acceptable range.

典型铅锌矿区周边土壤-稻米重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

为了掌握黔西北典型铅锌矿区周边稻田土壤重金属污染状况,分别采集98个土壤样品和稻米样品,运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对研究区稻田土壤中八种重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Hg、As)进行污染特征分析和风险评价,并采用健康风险评估模型对研究区稻米进行健康风险评价。结果表明:研究区稻田土壤受到重金属不同程度污染,整体处于中度污染水平(P_(N)=2.61),但Cu为重度污染(P_(Cu)=3.13);土壤生态风险总体处于中等水平(RI=279),最主要生态风险因子为Hg,其生态风险危害程度为很强(E_(Hg)=179);研究区稻米中重金属平均含量未超标,但有部分点位样品重金属含量超标;食用研究区种植的稻米不会对成人和儿童引起单一重金属健康风险,但长期食用,多种重金属复合污染会对成人和儿童健康产生负面影响(THQ_(成人)=2.41,THQ_(儿童)=2.48)。

铜陵矿区废弃地块土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价

为评估铜陵矿区开采后废弃场地土壤重金属对人体健康和生态环境的潜在风险,以铜陵矿区典型废弃地块为例,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法进行土壤环境质量评价,并结合健康风险评价模型分析地块土壤重金属污染的人体健康风险。结果显示:研究区域土壤达到重度污染水平,As、Co、V、Tl的浓度超过筛选值,研究区综合风险指数为625.94,风险等级较强;其中采样点S4附近潜在生态风险指数最大,达到“极强”等级,存在复合污染趋势。风险评价结果表明,经口摄入是该地区土壤重金属主要风险暴露途径,非致癌风险和致癌风险均为不可接受。其中As和Tl为主要风险来源,应引起重视。结论表明该地区已存在显著的潜在健康风险,本地块应重点关注Cd、As、Hg和Tl元素的污染情况,在后期开发利用过程中,需密切关注该地区重金属污染状况并进行土壤治理管控。

某尾矿库土壤重金属污染情况检测与环境风险评价

本研究基于电感耦合等离子体质谱检测技术,探究不同样品前处理方法对土壤中重金属定量的影响,建立了一种准确快速的土壤重金属污染筛查方法。该法采用硝酸-盐酸提取法以盐酸:硝酸=3:1溶液浸提重金属,能够稳定提取易挥发性的砷(回收率95%~105%)。采用该筛查方法对某尾矿库场地不同空间位点土壤样品中的铜、铅、镍、砷、镉5种重金属元素进行定量检测,以评估该尾矿库重金属分布情况及污染风险。结果表明该尾矿库内存在不同程度的Pb、As和Cd污染,并且单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合指数均指示存在As的重度污染。其次污染情况还表现出水平和垂直方向上的分布趋势,尾矿库入口和中段污染程度较高而末段污染程度低;土壤表层(0~0.5m)重金属检出值较低而深层(0.5~4.0m)检出值较高。以上结果说明该尾矿库存在严重的重金属污染,并且污染可能在降雨等因素作用下扩大范围和深度,提高治理难度,因此因及时采取措施对已污染区域进行整治。

淄博市蔬菜中砷、镉、铅、铬污染状况与健康风险评估

为了解山东省淄博市市售蔬菜中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)污染程度,本文采用污染指数法和目标危害系数法对蔬菜中As、Cd、Pb、Cr污染状况和对暴露人群的健康风险进行评估。结果表明,淄博市蔬菜中各重金属含量依次为Cr>Cd>Pb>As;蔬菜中Cd的检出率最高,除有两份蔬菜样品Cr超标外,其余样品重金属含量皆未超标;淄博市蔬菜As、Cd、Pb为清洁等级,Cr为尚清洁等级;与青壮年和中老年人相比,儿童摄入蔬菜中重金属面临更高的健康风险,As是引起健康风险的主要重金属。淄博市市售蔬菜整体受As、Cd、Pb、Cr污染的程度较低,市民可以放心食用。

猪胆粉中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

目的:检测猪胆粉中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)等元素的含量,并进行污染等级及人体健康风险分析。方法:采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对猪胆粉中8种重金属含量进行测定。结果:17批次样品中,8种重金属元素均有检出,其中Cu、Cr、Ni超标较为严重,超标率分别达到94.1%、88.2%、35.3%。单项污染指数从大到小排序为:Ni>Cr>Cu>Zn>Hg>As>Pb>Cd,说明猪胆粉药材主要受到Ni、Cr、Cu3种元素的污染,猪胆粉受8种重金属污染的等级均达到了警戒级及以上。但8种重金属的HI与HQ平均值均小于1,即不具有非致癌健康风险。各元素的Risk均小于1×10^(-4),猪胆粉药材整体上不具备致癌风险。结论:各批次猪胆粉药材均存在不同程度的重金属污染,但健康风险较低,其中Cu、Hg等元素污染还需关注。

北江流域大型水库重金属污染健康风险评价

为了说明广东省北江流域大型水库重金属污染状况及其对人体潜在的健康风险,基于流域内的12个大型水库2020年Cd、As、Cr、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、Fe和Mn等9项重金属项目监测资料,采用我国和主要发达国家的5项相关水质标准进行了单因子水质评价,并采用美国环保署推荐使用的模型进行了健康风险评价。结果表明:除乐昌峡水库外的11个大型水库的9项重金属项目含量均未超出我国地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838)的Ⅰ类限值、生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749)限值以及美国、日本、欧盟的饮用水相关标准限值;乐昌峡水库的As含量虽未超过GB 3838的Ⅰ类限值,但已超过GB5749及美国、日本、欧盟的饮用水相关标准限值;武江干流上K1(乐昌峡水库)的总健康风险值大于1×10^(-4),按国际健康组织(WHO)的相关标准属于“不可接受,立刻采取治理措施”水平;北江干流上的5个大型水库各自总健康风险值为5×10^(-5)~1×10^(-4),按国际健康组织(WHO)属于“警惕,应采取预防措施”水平;北江其他支流上的6个大型水库各自总健康风险值小于5×10^(-5),按国际健康组织(WHO)相关标准属于“可以接受”水平;总的健康风险主要来自于As、Cr两项元素的致癌健康风险。

湘江流域水体重金属污染及健康风险评价

为研究湘江流域水体重金属污染水平及对人体健康的危害,选取2000—2016年全流域26个监测站点,分析了Hg、Zn、Cu、As、Cr^(6+)、Pb、Cd共7种重金属时空分布特征,利用综合污染指数评价法分析重金属的污染水平,并采用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对健康风险作了初步评价。结果表明:时间上,基于综合污染指数法及MK趋势分析可知流域水质状况良好且逐年改善;空间上,流域水质上游较中下游好,重金属高浓度值主要分布在中下游。健康风险评价结果表明:流域致癌重金属平均个人健康风险值表现为As>Cr^(6+)>Cd,非致癌物重金属平均个人健康风险值表现为Pb>Cu>Zn>Hg,流域主要受致癌物风险影响。As、Cr^(6+)是产生水体健康风险的主要来源且儿童受到的健康风险远高于成人。

重金属污染河道中的污染物优先筛选及治理研究

污染物优先筛选和治理过程中,采用综合评分方法评估污染物风险,需人为确定评价指标重要程度,而人为筛选误差较高,导致应用筛选后的指标治理重金属污染的效果不佳。针对重金属污染河道提出污染物优先筛选及治理方法。运用目标污染物分析检测方法。结合综合评分法和Copeland法(计分排序法),设计重金属污染物优先筛选策略。针对筛选出的目标重金属污染物,制定包含污染底泥异位贮存、重金属固化、植物修复三个环节治理方案。实验表明:所提方法可准确筛选出河道内需要优先治理的污染物,使治理后河道内重金属污染物浓度从18.27μg·L^(-1)降为10.45μg·L^(-1)。

云贵高原小黄泥河流域重金属分布特征及健康风险评价

小黄泥河为珠江源区南盘江流域主要支流之一,也是云贵高原重要的江河水功能区,查明小黄泥河流域地表水重金属分布特征、污染程度和健康风险,可以为珠江源区的生态环境保护提供有力支撑.系统采集小黄泥河干流及支流河水样品,对河水样品中重金属Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和类金属As进行测定,并采用内梅罗综合污染指数法和健康风险评价模型,对小黄泥河流域地表水中的重金属进行污染评价和健康风险评价.结果表明,小黄泥河流域河水中重金属平均浓度顺序为:Fe(810.66μg·L^(−1))>Mn(126.90μg·L^(−1))>Zn(24.71μg·L^(−1))>As(2.45μg·L^(−1))>Cu(2.33μg·L^(−1))>Pb(0.43μg·L^(−1))>Cd(0.03μg·L^(−1)),其中Fe和Mn两种重金属存在超标现象,其他重金属均未出现超标现象.相关性分析及因子分析表明,地表水中7种重金属元素主要受到采煤活动、道路交通和地质背景3个因素的控制,其贡献率分别为48.00%、19.66%和15.97%.Fe和Mn的单因子污染指数较高,存在不同程度的污染,而其他重金属总体上不存在污染风险.综合污染指数评价结果显示,干流水质总体优于支流,下游支流为高度污染,上游支流为轻度污染,均主要受到Fe和Mn的影响.地表水中重金属产生的健康风险总体可控,其大小依次为As>Cd>Fe>Cu>Pb>Zn>Mn,除下游支流部分点位As的健康风险高于最大可接受风险值外,致癌物Cd及非致癌物Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn和Zn的健康风险均远低于最大可接受风险值.

重庆市梁滩河流域重金属健康风险评价及来源解析

分析重庆主城区内梁滩河重金属污染状况,为当地水资源保护和治理提供科学依据。于2019年12月在流域内选取29个样点进行表层河水取样,测试河水中铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铅(Pb)和锌(Zn)6种重金属含量,并采用健康风险评价、远距离权重法、相关性和主成分分析方法对梁滩河流域河水重金属健康风险、空间分布和污染来源进行了研究。结果显示:(1)各重金属元素的平均含量为Fe(367.20µg/L)>Mn(160.79µg/L)>Zn(36.63µg/L)>Cr(8.14µg/L)>Cu(6.10µg/L)>Pb(0.66µg/L),其中Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn均符合《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类水质标准,Fe和Mn出现严重超标。(2)各重金属元素直接摄入或裸露皮肤吸收的危险商(HQ_(ing)和HQ_(der))和危险指数(HI)均<1,说明梁滩河河水中的重金属元素未对人体健康产生危害。同时,各重金属元素HI值呈现出下游>上游的分布特征,即人类活动频繁的下游受重金属污染程度高,健康风险大。(3)相关性与主成分分析表明,Cu与Zn、Fe与Pb之间存在显著相关关系,Cr、Mn与其他重金属元素无相关性。究其来源,第一主成分Cu与Zn同城镇工业生产和交通污染的输入有关;第二主成分Fe与Pb同天然地球化学过程、采矿和运输有关;第三主成分Mn来源于农业活动(包括耕植施肥、畜牧养殖)的输入。

湘江采矿污染区流段贝类重金属含量与健康风险评估

选取受采矿污染较严重的典型区域湖南省湘江长沙段作为研究区域,采集优势贝类物种大沼螺和河蚌,研究不同贝类对痕量金属的富集特性。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析贝类中Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As和Cd的含量,通过Pearson相关分析研究了重金属的相关性。通过对贝类可食用和非食用部分痕量金属的质量浓度和金属污染指数(MPI)进行比较,探索贝类不同部位中痕量金属的分布特点。同时探究了大沼螺和河蚌中痕量金属随时空的分布特征,评估了食用这两种贝类引起的人体健康风险。结果表明:不同贝类中的痕量金属浓度存在差异,河蚌中Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和As的浓度高于大沼螺,而Mn和Cd低于大沼螺;大沼螺和河蚌的可食用和非食用部分均具有相似的相关性,但是两种贝类之间对痕量金属的生物蓄积性不同;MPI结果表明两种贝类的可食用和非食用部分对痕量金属有不同的累积能力,但是两种贝类食用部分对痕量金属累积能力相似;大沼螺和河蚌的可食用部分的HI值分别为7.58和3.05,大于可接受阈值1,表明存在慢性健康风险,且大沼螺的食用风险更大,应对贝类的食用健康风险加以关注。

长江镇江段饮用水体中重金属污染现状特征及其健康风险研究

连续采集2021年1—10月长江镇江段饮用水4个取水口的表层水样,探讨水样中12种重金属(Mn、Zn、As、Cr6+、Ni、Cu、Pb、Sb、Se、Cd、Hg、Fe)浓度的分布特征,并通过EPA健康风险评价模型进行健康危害风险进行评估。结果表明,长江镇江段饮用水体中12种重金属的平均浓度均达到GB 3838—2002中规定的Ⅰ类水质指标。流域内不同区域人群产生的总非致癌和总致癌健康风险分别为2.59×10^(-9)~3.08×10^(-9)和1.12×10^(-6)~1.32×10^(-6),流域内健康风险均在接受水平。