Harmful evaluation of heavy metals from soil layer to the groundwater: Take the Jilin Hunchun Basin as an example

The continuous enrichment of heavy metals in soils has caused potential harm to groundwater.Quantitative methods to evaluate the harm of heavy metals in soil to groundwater are lacked in previous studies.Based on the theory of groundwater circulation and solid-liquid equilibrium,a simple and easy-touse flux model of soil heavy metals migrating to groundwater is constructed.Based on groundwater environmental capacity,an innovative method for evaluating the harm of heavy metals in soil to groundwater is proposed,which has been applied in Hunchun Basin,Jilin Province,China.The results show that the fluxes of soil heavy metals into groundwater in the study area are Zn,Cu,As,Pb,Cd,Ni,and Hg in descending order.The content of heavy metals in groundwater(As,Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni,and Cd)in most areas has not risen to the threshold of environmental capacity within 10 years.The harm levels of soil heavy metals to groundwater in the most townships soils are at the moderate level or below.This evaluation method can quantify the flux of soil heavy metals into groundwater simply and quickly,determine the residual capacity of groundwater to heavy metals,evaluate the harm level of soil heavy metals to groundwater,provide support for relevant departments to carry out environmental protection of soil and groundwater,and provide a reference to carry out similar studies for related scholars.

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin,Northeast China

There is an increasing concern for potentially hazardous metals pollution, which can threaten crops production and human health. In this study, the spatial distribution and environmental risks of eight heavy metals in surface soil samples collected from the paddy fields in Yongshuyu irrigation area, Northeast China were investigated. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg and As were 34.6 ± 4.67, 82.8 ± 9.51, 17.3 ± 4.09, 21.2 ± 12.0, 88.6 ± 17.9, 0.18 ± 0.15, 0.22 ± 0.07 and 8.77 ± 2.47 mg/kg, respectively, which were slightly higher than their corresponding background values of Jilin Province, indicating enrichment of these metals in the paddy soils, especially for Ni, Cd and Hg. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was closely correlated with local anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural production, mining and transportation. The hot-spot areas of As and Cd were mainly concentrated in the up-midstream where were associated with agricultural activities. Cr and Cu showed similar spatial distributions with hot-spot areas distributed the whole irrigation area uniformly. Ni was mainly distributed in the downstream where Ni quarries concentrated, while the spatial distribution patterns of Hg was mainly located in the upstream and downstream where the soil was significantly influenced by irrigation and coal mining emission. The spatial distributions of Pb and Zn were mainly concentrated along the highway side. The pollution levels of Yongshuyu irrigation area were estimated through index of geo-accumulation(Igeo), Nemerow integrated pollution index(NIPI) and potential ecological risk index(PERI). The results showed that Cd and Hg were the main pollutants in the study area. Health risk assessment results indicated that children were in higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults with the carcinogenic metal of As. Ingestion was the main exposure pathway to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for both adults and children. Principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that Cr and Cu were mainly from parent materials, while Cd and As were mainly affected by agricultural activities. Pb and Zn were controlled by traffic activities, and the accumulations of Ni and Hg were associated with mining activities. This study would be valuable for preventing heavy metals inputs and safety in rice production of the Songhua river basin.

Occurrence,sources,and relationships of soil microplastics with adsorbed heavy metals in the Ebinur Lake Basin,Northwest China

There is a lack of research on soil microplastics in arid oases considering the rapid economic development of northwestern China.Here,we studied the occurrence and sources of microplastics in soil,as well as the relationships between microplastics and adsorbed heavy metals in the Ebinur Lake Basin,a typical arid oasis in China.Results showed that(1)the average microplastic content in all soil samples was 36.15(±3.27)mg/kg.The contents of microplastics at different sampling sites ranged from 3.89(±1.64)to 89.25(±2.98)mg/kg.Overall,the proportions of various microplastic shapes decreased in the following order:film(54.25%)>fiber(18.56%)>particle(15.07%)>fragment(8.66%)>foam(3.46%);(2)among all microplastic particles,white particles accounted for the largest proportion(52.93%),followed by green(24.15%),black(12.17%),transparent(7.16%),and yellow particles(3.59%).The proportions of microplastic particle size ranges across all soil samples decreased in the following order:1000-2000μm(40.88%)>500-1000μm(26.75%)>2000-5000μm(12.30%)>100-500μm(12.92%)>0-100μm(7.15%).FTIR(Fourier transform infrared)analyses showed that polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polypropylene(PP),polycarbonate(PC),polyethylene(PE),and polystyrene(PS)occurred in the studied soil;(3)random forest predictions showed that industrial and agricultural production activities and the discharge of domestic plastic waste were related to soil microplastic pollution,in which agricultural plastic film was the most important factor in soil pollution in the study area;and(4)seven heavy metals extracted from microplastics in the soil samples showed significant positive correlations with soil pH,EC,total salt,N,P,and K contents(P<0.01),indicating that these soil factors could significantly affect the contents of heavy metals carried by soil microplastics.This research demonstrated that the contents of soil microplastics are lower than other areas of the world,and they mainly come from industrial and agricultural activities of the Ebinur Lake Basin.

Investigation and Evaluation on Soil Heavy Metal Contents in Fruit Producing Area in Baise City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate heavy metal conditions in fruit producing area in Baise City, Guangxi Province. [Method] Heavy metal contents in 106 soil samples collected from fruit producing area in Youjiang District, Baise City, Guangxi Province were analyzed, and soil heavy metal pollution condition in this area was estimated applying single factor index method and Hakanson＇ potential ecological risk index method with reference to the second grade of National Soil Environmental Quality Standard and soil background values of this area. [Result] According to the second grade of National Soil Environmental Quality Standard, soil heavy metals in this fruit producing area is at the level of no pollution; and the total potential ecological risk pollution risk （RI） of soil heavy metals was 97.7, indicating no risk. [Conclusion] The fruit producing area in Baise City, Guangxi Province is free of heavy metal pollution.

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Contents in Facility Agriculture of Guangxi

[Objectives]To study the characteristics of soil heavy metal contents in facility agriculture of Guangxi and analyze its risks.[Methods]The heavy metal content of 30 surface soil samples taken from facility agriculture in Guangxi was analyzed.The status of soil heavy metal pollution in facility agriculture of Guangxi was evaluated by the single factor index method,geo-accumulation index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method with reference to the soil background value in Guangxi.[Results]Compared with the soil background value in Guangxi,the over-limit rates of heavy metals cadmium,lead,arsenic,chromium,mercury,copper and zinc in soil samples were 56.67%,56.67%,16.67%,30.00%,50.00%,60.00%and 80.00%,respectively.Compared with the screening values of the Soil Environmental Quality-Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(for trial implementation)(GB15618-2018),the overlimit rates of the heavy metals cadmium,arsenic,copper and zinc in the surface soil of agricultural facilities in Guangxi were 56.67%,10.00%,16.67%and 23.33%,respectively.Except for the average content of soil cadmium exceeding the screening value,the evaluation content of the other six soil heavy metals did not exceed the screening value.According to the evaluation results of the single factor pollution index method,the surface soil arsenic and chromium of the agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to the clean level,lead,mercury,and copper belonged to mild pollution,and cadmium and zinc belonged to moderate pollution.According to the evaluation results of the geo-accumulation index,the lead,arsenic,chromium and mercury in the surface soil of the agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to the pollution-free level,while the cadmium,copper and zinc belonged to the mild-moderate pollution.According to the evaluation results of the potential ecological risk index method,the potential ecological risks of the heavy metals of lead,arsenic,chromium,copper and zinc in the soil of agricultural facilities in Guangxi belonged to low potential ecological risk level,and the potential ecological risks of cadmium and mercury belonged to moderate risk level.The potential ecological risk index(RI)of the seven heavy metals in the soil was 132.46,which belonged to moderate potential ecological risk.The largest contribution of soil heavy metals to the potential ecological risk index was cadmium and mercury.[Conclusions]Taking the soil of facility agriculture in Guangxi as the object,this paper studied the characteristics of heavy metal content in facility agricultural soil and its risk assessment,in order to provide a scientific basis for facility soil heavy metal risk prevention and control and provide safe technology for facility agriculture.

Effects of Land Use Patterns on Soil Heavy Metal Contents

Through sampling in farmland and analysis in laboratory,the contents and the pollution level of Cr,Cu,As,Pb,Zn in different soils were studied. The comparative result showed that the As in all soil samples are lower than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,the Cr in lower half soil samples are higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,the Cu and Zn in majority soil samples are higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,and the Pb in all soil samples is higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation. The single factor pollution index and multi-factor pollution index method were used to evaluate the soil pollution. According to Soil Environmental Quality Standard,the studied soils were at unpolluted degrees,the soils were clear,the quality of soil adapt to the crop growth,and not affect the quality of agricultural product.

Geochemical contamination in the mine affected soil of Raniganj Coalfield——A river basin scale assessment

The study aimed to assess the heavy metals(K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Sr, Zr) contamination in the soil of mine affected Singaran river basin and to analyse spatial variation in the contamination level considering 32 soil samples. Elemental analysis of soil samples has been performed through Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis(EDX) to quantify the elemental concentration(mg kgà1). Heavy metal concentrations have been assessed through geo-accumulation index(Igeo) and enrichment factor(EF).Indices showed soils have moderate accumulation of most of the metals with moderate enrichment of Sr,Zr, Zn, Cu and Ni. Soil contamination level assessment has been carried out using indices like Contamination Factor(CF), degree of contamination(C_(deg)), modified degree of contamination(m C_(deg)) and Pollution Load Index(PLI). CF shows moderate to considerable contamination by Sr, Zr, Ca, Cu, Mn, Zn and Ni. Mean indices values(m C_(deg)and PLI for the entire basin are 3.38 and 2.23 respectively) show low to moderate level of soil contamination. These indices result have been mapped and analysed in GIS platform to get spatial variation of pollution level. Opencast mines dominate middle catchment area and so is comparatively contaminated. Sample sites 11, 18 and 25 evidenced high values of all indices of pollution load. From the ecological standpoint Ecological Risk Factor(Er) and Potential Ecological Risk Index(RI) have been estimated to assess regional threat to native soil environment and it shows low ecological risk potential. Analysis shows that mine dominated soil of the entire Singaran basin is less contaminated in all respect but tends to the moderate contamination level at the mid-catchment area,especially by Sr, Zr, Zn, Cu and Ni.

Derivation of soil Pb/Cd/As thresholds for safety of vegetable planting: A case study for pakchoi in Guangdong Province,China

Regional guidelines for soil heavy metals,in conjunction with specific crops,are proposed to better assess soil environmental quality.In this study,large amounts of soils with different levels of Pb/Cd/As pollution were collected in Guangdong Province,China,to carry out a pot experiment,which was closer to the actual situation and properties of the heavy metal contaminated soils.Taking the widely planted vegetable pakchoi as the research object,we analyzed the correlations between the Pb/Cd/As concentrations in pakchoi and the total or available soil Pb/Cd/As concentrations and established their optimal regression equations.And then,the total and available soil Pb/Cd/As thresholds for pakchoi were calculated according to the allowable Pb/Cd/As limits in pakchoi and were compared with the current soil assessment standards.Furthermore,a lot of paired vegetable-soil samples in field were collected and their pollution situations were assessed by both the current limit thresholds and the calculated thresholds.Obviously,it was more consistent to assess the Cd and As pollution situation of the vegetable and soil samples with the calculated soil thresholds than the current soil assessment thresholds.It further proved that it was necessary to explore the soil heavy metal thresholds for safety of vegetable in specific regions,which would be more scientific and practical to guide safety production of local agricultural products and effective utilization of soil resources.

Study on the proposed environmental guidelines for Cd, Hg, Pb and As in soil of China

This paper deals with the soil-environmental standard. According to the current situation of researching on the soil-environmental quality guideline at home and abroad, and on the basis of the foundations and principles of enacting the soil-environmental standard, the soil environment quality guideline values of Hg, Cd, Pb and As were suggested.

Soil Pollution along Kalwa Bridge at Thane Creek of Maharashtra, India

The present investigation deals with the assessment of pollution status along the wetland of Thane Creek, which has been subjected to a lot of pollution from the Asia’s biggest Thane—Belapur Industrial Complex located at the south of Mumbai harbor along the west coast of India. This paper advocates habitat conservation and ecological studies with special reference to the physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal pollution in the soil along the creek area. In the present investigation, the pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, alkalinity and chlorinity values recorded were observed to be high during dry seasons and low during rainy season. The soil samples were also analyzed for their heavy metal contents like nickel, zinc, cadmium, copper, iron, arsenic and mercury. It was observed that, the concentration of these heavy metals increases gradually in dry seasons, followed by sharp decrease during rainy season. These heavy metals have a marked effect on the aquatic flora and fauna which through bio magnification enter the food chain and ultimately affect the human beings as well. The present experimental data on heavy metal pollution in soil samples collected along Kalwa bridge of Thane Creek points out to the need of regular monitoring of water resources and further improvement in the industrial waste water treatment methods. If the present conditions continue for a long period, the creek may soon become ecologically inactive.

上海市奉贤区农田土壤-农产品中的重金属含量特征和污染评价

为分析奉贤区农田土壤和农产品的重金属污染状况,采集粮田、菜田和果园3种作物的农田土壤及其对应农产品,分别测定土壤8种重金属元素(Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn和Ni)和农产品5种重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg)的含量特征,采用单项污染指数法、综合污染指数法、积累指数法和富集因子等方法对土壤-农产品中重金属元素进行污染风险评价,并将地统计学与因子分析相结合分析农田土壤重金属的空间分布特征。结果表明:与上海市土壤背景值相比,奉贤区农田土壤Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn和Ni的平均含量较高,分别是背景值的1.40、1.36、1.06、1.15倍和1.44倍。单项及综合污染指数值显示土壤重金属处于无污染水平;但Cd、Ni、Hg元素的积累指数值显示无-中度污染水平,其中有4.92%农田土壤处于Hg元素的中度污染。在空间分布上,Hg呈连片分布;As、Cd整体含量低,南北区域分布;Cr、Zn呈条带状分布,自南往北递增状态;Pb呈散点状分布;Cu元素整体含量高,呈东西梯度分布;Ni元素呈岛状分布。因子分析中,因子1包括Cu和Zn,因子2是Pb,因子3包括Cd、Cr,因子4是Ni,因子5是As和因子6是Hg。奉贤地区土壤重金属含量主要受到工业源、农业源、交通源和自然源影响较大,应加强污染源控制,降低风险水平。农产品样中的5种重金属均未超出标准限量值,单项及综合污染指数值显示农产品重金属属于清洁水平。经土样和农产品样中的重金属含量相关性分析,两者无相关,农产品对土壤重金属的富集因子较小。不同土地利用方式对土壤和农产品中重金属含量影响较大,菜地土壤和农产品对Cd较为敏感,吸收能力较强,而果园土壤和农产品对各重金属吸收总体较弱。在农业生产中可以根据作物吸收重金属特性来调整种植结构,以减轻重金属污染。综合来看,奉贤区土壤-农产品系统中重金属累积程度低,但局部农田土壤中重金属含量存在轻微污染,需引起重视。

土壤重金属对地下水的危害评价方法研究——以吉林省珲春盆地为例

【研究目的】土壤中不断富集的重金属对地下水产生潜在危害,但以往研究缺少定量评价土壤重金属对地下水危害度的方法。【研究方法】本文以地下水循环和固液平衡理论相结合,构建了简便易用的土壤重金属进入地下水的通量模型,在评价地下水环境容量的基础上,创新提出了土壤重金属对地下水危害评价方法。【研究结果】以珲春盆地为例进行了应用,结果表明:研究区土壤重金属进入地下水通量从大到小依次为Zn、Cu、As、Pb、Cd、Ni、Hg,大部分地区地下水重金属(As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd)在10年内达不到环境容量限值,大部分乡镇土壤重金属对地下水的危害等级在中度及以下级别。【结论】通过该评价方法能够简单快捷的定量计算土壤重金属进入地下水的通量,判定地下水重金属剩余容量,评价土壤重金属对地下水的危害状况,为相关部门开展土壤及地下水的环境保护提供支撑,为相关学者开展类似研究提供借鉴。

AMF和PGPR联合芦苇修复重金属污染河道底泥的效应

研究旨在探究河道底泥重金属污染下丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)与植物根际促生菌(Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria,PGPR)对芦苇生长、磷吸收以及重金属去除的效应。以沈阳市浑河河道底泥为研究对象,对芦苇接种AMF双网无梗囊霉(Acaulospora bireticulata,AM1)、摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae,AM2)、PGPR黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens,PG)、双网无梗囊霉+黏质沙雷氏菌(APG1)、摩西斗管囊霉+黏质沙雷氏菌(APG2)和不接种对照(CK)共6个处理。结果显示,AMF能够促进PGPR在芦苇根区土壤以及根内的定殖数量,而PGPR能够促进AMF侵染发育,增加其侵染率、泡囊数以及孢子数。AMF、PGPR或AMF+PGPR处理均显著增加了芦苇生物量以及地上部和根系磷质量比,促进了植物对底泥中重金属(Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu)的吸收,降低了土壤中重金属含量。在各处理下,APG2处理对底泥中重金属的去除率最高,达33.24%~55.51%,土壤中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性也显著高于AM1、AM2、PG和CK处理。此外,底泥重金属在芦苇内的分布均为根系大于地上部,可见芦苇根系对重金属的吸收和富集能力较强,且以APG2处理下对Cd、Zn、Pb的吸收效果最好,分别是CK处理的2.4倍、2.0倍以及1.7倍。因此,AMF和PGPR双接种可提高芦苇P吸收量以及土壤酶活性,促进芦苇生长,而AMF和PGPR能够相互促进,增加对底泥重金属的去除效率,其中APG2是最佳组合。

干旱区绿洲农田土壤重金属含量高光谱反演

对新疆渭库绿洲土壤样本的As、Hg、Pb、Cr、Zn和Cu共6种重金属含量与高光谱关系进行分析,基于逐步回归方法筛选出特征波段,采用地理加权回归(GWR)和普通最小二乘法回归(OLS)构建土壤重金属的高光谱反演模型.结果显示:1)研究区的6种重金属元素含量存在一定的差异,土壤中的平均重金属含量依次为Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>As>Hg,均未超过国家土壤背景值.研究区的Pb平均含量高于当地(新疆)土壤背景值,即研究区表土层中的Pb元素明显富集;2)不同的光谱变换使土壤重金属的光谱特征均得到了增强,但强度有所差异,经过二阶微分变换(SD)和一阶立方根微分变换(CRFD)的土壤光谱相对于原始光谱增强最显著;3)从模型验证来看,在反演6个土壤重金属元素含量时,GWR的R^(2)高于OLS,其中Zn的R^(2)接近0.8,Cu的R^(2)接近0.6,表明模型有一定预测能力,而As、Hg、Pb和Cr的R^(2)均依然低于0.5,模型预测能力并不理想;4)两种模型预测的6种土壤重金属含量的空间分布表现出一定的空间差异性.其中,As元素空间分布差异在这两种预测模型中最大,而其余5种重金属元素Hg、Pb、Cr、Zn和Cu的分布则较为均匀.通过高光谱反射率估算土壤重金属元素含量,实现了干旱区绿洲农田土壤重金属元素含量的高效快速反演,为干旱区绿洲农田土壤重金属元素含量动态监测提供了可靠的技术支撑.

峨眉河流域土壤重金属元素污染评价

应用原子荧光分光光度法和原子吸收分光光度法测定重金属As、Hg、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd和Cr在峨眉河流域土壤中的分布情况,根据单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,并结合国家土壤环境质量标准GB 15618-2018进行分析和评价峨眉河流域土壤的重金属污染程度。结果表明,As、Hg、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd和Cr含量分别为1.48~4.64、0.14~0.36、34.00~370.00、212.00~818.00、0.00~2.00、5.00~53.00、0.10~1.20、0.00~476.00 mg/kg。变异系数显示Cu和Pb的分布最不均匀,受人类活动影响较为强烈;而土壤中Cu、Zn含量普遍超标,按单因子污染指数污染程度依次为Zn>Cu>Cd>Hg>Cr>Pb=As>Ni。

有机肥与化肥配施对夏播玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响

为探索有机肥与化肥配施对全株玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响,以乐玉1号玉米为试材,通过田间试验,设置不施肥(CK)、全部化肥(HF)、牛粪单施(N1)、牛粪替代20%化肥(N2)、牛粪替代30%化肥(N3)、羊粪单施(Y1)、羊粪替代20%化肥(Y2)、羊粪替代30%化肥(Y3)共8个处理,测定全株玉米干草产量、氮磷钾素积累量和重金属含量以及土壤理化性质等相关指标。结果表明,Y2和Y3处理的全株玉米干草产量和氮磷钾积累量优于其他处理;N2处理的Cu积累量和Y1处理的Zn积累量最高;0~20cm土层以N3处理的有机质、速效磷、铵态氮、硝态氮和阳离子交换含量最高。可见,低总氮水平下,羊粪替代20%和30%化肥处理对全株玉米生长及养分积累有积极作用,牛粪替代30%化肥改良土壤肥力效果较好。

湘江流域化工园区土壤与地下水重金属污染特征及相关性分析

目前针对化工园区的土壤重金属污染研究较多,但对其地下水重金属污染研究较少,特别是将土壤与地下水重金属污染相关联的研究更是寥寥无几。本论文针对湖南省湘江流域化工园区土壤与地下水中铅、铊、镉、汞、砷5种重金属污染特征,运用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行评价分析,对地下水污染因子进行评价与相关性分析,找到化工园区土壤与地下水重金属污染相关性。因此,以某一区域为代表将土壤与地下水重金属污染进行相关性分析,可为化工园区的土壤与地下水重金属污染的监管与防治提供重要指导作用。

基于SPA-BPNN的成都市天府新区东部土壤As含量高光谱估测建模

为明确成都平原城市边缘带土壤中重金属As含量,以四川省成都市天府新区东部为研究区,对土壤原始高光谱数据进行一阶微分(FD)、二阶微分(SD)、去包络线(CR)和标准正态变换(SNV)处理,利用皮尔逊相关系数(PCC)和连续投影算法(SPA)筛选出最佳变换光谱的特征波段,分别建立偏最小二乘(PLSR)、极限学习机(ELM)、随机森林(RF)和BP神经网络(BPNN)4种回归模型,利用高光谱数据进行土壤重金属As含量估测并进行精度验证。结果表明,经去包络线一阶微分(CR-FD)变换的光谱与土壤重金属As含量相关性显著提升,由0.473提高到0.848;无论是基于PCC还是SPA算法筛选出的特征波段,非线性模型的拟合度以及预测精度均高于线性模型;相对于PCC算法,利用SPA算法筛选的特征波段建立的模型预测精度明显提升,PLSR、ELM、RF、BPNN模型验证集的决定系数(R2)分别为0.786、0.847、0.856、0.942。因此,以SPA算法筛选出的光谱波段作为自变量构建的BPNN模型(SPA-BPNN)是研究区内As含量的最优估测模型。

土壤灭菌和杀真菌剂对大豆生长和重金属累积的影响

【目的】研究土壤灭菌和杀真菌剂(苯菌灵)对大豆生长和重金属累积的影响。【方法】以污染农田土壤为基质开展室内盆栽试验,在土壤灭菌和施用苯菌灵的条件下,测定大豆的生长指标、叶绿素含量、抗氧化生理指标、重金属(铅、锌、镉和铜)含量与累积量以及土壤重金属有效态含量。【结果】与原状土壤相比,土壤灭菌处理导致大豆株高、茎叶和果实生物量分别降低21.00%、43.92%和44.47%,但可以使根系生物量增加56.57%。土壤灭菌和施用苯菌灵处理均可显著增加土壤有效态铅含量,增幅分别为160.62%和179.00%;均可显著降低土壤有效态锌含量,降幅分别为33.82%和17.37%。土壤灭菌还可显著增加大豆根系中的锌、镉含量以及铅、锌、镉、铜累积量,显著降低大豆茎叶和果实中的铅、铜累积量,增加铅、锌和镉的富集系数。施用苯菌灵可显著增加类胡萝卜素以及茎叶和根系中的铅含量,增幅分别为77.00%、36.87%和12.43%;显著增加大豆茎叶中的铅累积量;显著增加铅的富集系数和转运系数;但对大豆生长、抗氧化生理及其他重金属累积无显著影响。【结论】完全消除土壤微生物抑制了大豆的生长,并显著降低了大豆对重金属的耐性与累积能力,说明土壤微生物在大豆生长和重金属耐性方面有重要作用。