Multiple grain-size fraction analysis of heavy minerals and the provenance identification of sediments from the abandoned Huanghe River,eastern China

The quantitative analysis of sediment sources in a sink is an important scientific topic and challenge in provenance research.The characteristics of heavy minerals,combined with the geochemical constituents of detrital grains,provide a reliable provenance-tracing approach.We developed a mineral identification method to analyze the multiple grain-size fraction of sediments,from which the elemental geochemistry of hornblende was used to compare the characteristics of sediments from the Huaihe River and Huanghe(Yellow)River in eastern China.Elements that were statistically identified as being able to discriminate sediment provenance were employed to perform a quantitative analysis of the sources of sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River.Results reveal that the Huaihe River is characterized by a high amphibole content of>60%and that the Huanghe and abandoned Huanghe rivers have greater abundances of limonite and carbonate minerals compared with those of the Huaihe River.The contents of trace elements and rare earth elements in hornblende show that the sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River are similar to those of the Huanghe River but different from those of the Huaihe River.Furthermore,chemical mass balance was used to calculate the relative contributions of different provenances of sediment from the abandoned Huanghe River,and nine trace elements of hornblende were identified as discriminators of provenance.Approximately 2%of the hornblende in the abandoned Huanghe River is derived from the Huaihe River and 98%from the Huanghe River.Considering the proportion of hornblende in the total sediment,it is inferred that the contribution of Huaihe River sediment to the abandoned Huanghe River is approximately 0.5%.This study shows that mineral analysis using multiple grain-size fractions(within the wide range of 1Φto 6Φ)with assessment in elemental geochemistry of hornblende can characterize the provenance of fluvial material in coastal zones.

Heavy Minerals and Geochemical Characteristics of Sandstones as Indices of Provenance and Source Area Tectonics of the Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, Niger Delta Basin

Heavy mineral petrographic and geochemical compositions (major and trace/rare earth elements)?of sandstones obtained from the Oligocene-Miocene Ogwashi-Asaba Formation, Niger Delta were studied to determine their provenance, source area weathering conditions and tectonic setting. The heavy mineral suite (opaque minerals, zircon, tourmaline, and rutile) revealed that the sandstones are mineralogically mature and implied rapid disintegration and chemical decomposition of sediments mostly of recycled orogen. The sandstones were geochemically classified as Fe-sand and partly quartz arenitic. Chemical Index of Alteration and Chemical Index of Weathering values of 89.92% and 91.87% respectively suggest that the source region was predominantly felsic and was subjected to intense chemical weathering probably under tropical palaeoclimatic conditions with abundant rainfall that enhanced sediment recycling. Major element concentration discriminant plots also indicated that the sediments were derived from mixed sources (granitic, gneissic or recycled orogen) under passive margin setting. Chondrite normalized plot of the rare earth element pattern is marked by light rare earth element enrichment and negative Eu anomalies, interpreted to mean that provenance was mainly continental crustal rocks. Trace elemental ratios that are provenance diagnostic (La/Sc, Th/Sc, Cr/Th, La/Co, Th/Co, Th/Cr, Eu/Eu*, and Eu*) all point to sediments derived from felsic source and upper continental crust. The mixed provenance of the sandstones can be traced to the southwestern and southeastern Basement Complex (consisting of granites, gneisses, etc.) and sediments derived from the adjacent sedimentary basins (Anambra and Benue Trough).

Heavy minerals clustering analysis in application of provenance analysis of Kong 2 Member in Kongnan area

The main task of provenance analysis is to determine the source of sediments and the position of parent rocks.Provenance analysis may find out the relationship between erosion districts and sediment zone,between the uplift and the depression in the process of basin development.The authors use the method of heavy mineral clustering analysis and estimate the provenance direction of Huanghua Depression in the Paleogene Kong 2 Member.Research shows that there were five provenance areas of Kong 2 Member in Kongnan area.They are western(Shenusi),northwestern(Cangzhou),eastern(Ganhuatun),northeastern and southeastern.The main provenance areas were northwestern and western,while the southern provenance could not be ruled out.And these areas are consistent with the known provenance areas.

Studies on Geochemical and Heavy Mineral Characteristics of Sediments of Gosthani River Estuary

The present work deals with the geochemical and heavy mineral characteristics studies of sediments of Gosthani river estuary. The aim of study is to determine the provenance, establish the depositional environment and spatial variability of sediment. From the study it is found that the sediment of Gosthani river contains heavy minerals that consist of Rutile, Garnet, Sillimanite, Staurolite, Monazite, Zercon, Pyroxenes, Epidote, Amphiboles and Opaques minerals. The lesser abundant heavy minerals are amphiboles, zircon, monazite, rutile, staurolite, epidote. These heavy minerals indicate that the sediments were essentially derived from metamorphic provenance varying from medium to high grade and partly from crystalline igneous rocks. Well rounded monazites come from Eastern Ghats. This is based on the occurrence of monazite in pegmatite and charnockites of Eastern Ghats. The various characters of rutile and zircon suggest that each of these minerals has a multisource. According to geochemical studies settling of organic matter is highest in areas where deposition of fine grained sediment takes place. The organic carbon is often a good index for deciphering depositional environment.

扬子陆块西缘寒武系砂岩的物源分析:对古地理位置重建和构造背景的指示

扬子陆块西缘寒武系主要为一套碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩的岩石组合,前人研究多认为形成于相对稳定的克拉通盆地。但同时期出现的大陆岩浆作用显然与前期认定的克拉通盆地性质不符,需要借助扬子西缘的物质来源探讨构造背景。基于野外露头等资料,本文通过对扬子陆块西缘会泽和会东附近寒武系3件砂岩样品进行重矿物分析、电气石电子探针和碎屑锆石U-Pb测年分析,确定扬子西缘寒武纪沉积物的源区;并结合沉积序列等综合探讨扬子陆块西缘寒武纪的构造背景。沉积序列表明,扬子西缘寒武系沧浪铺组、西王庙组和二道水组主要由砂岩和白云岩等组成,沉积环境为滨岸—潮坪。细—粗砂岩碎屑颗粒为次棱角状—次圆状,分选较差;碎屑组分主要为石英,岩屑几乎全部为燧石,长石含量较少。测试分析结果表明:重矿物分析指示扬子西缘寒武系砂岩重矿物主要由锆石、赤—褐铁矿、电气石、钛铁矿、金红石、磷灰石等组成,重矿物组合指示岩浆岩为其主要母岩;电气石电子探针分析结果表明,物源主要来自于贫锂花岗岩和变砂岩、变泥岩;碎屑锆石测年分析表明物源区母岩主要为983~540 Ma岩浆岩。碎屑锆石年龄对比等综合分析表明,寒武系沉积物部分源自康滇古陆983~708 Ma的岩浆岩和变沉积岩,部分源自冈瓦纳大陆东非造山带663~540 Ma的岩石,物源区岩石经历再旋回产物作用。扬子西缘寒武系的沉积序列、碎屑锆石年龄谱图和碎屑组成等特征综合分析表明,扬子陆块西缘寒武系形成于前陆盆地。

柴达木盆地北缘东段中侏罗统物源分析——来自重矿物、元素地球化学及碎屑锆石年代学的证据

【目的】柴达木盆地北缘东段地区广泛出露侏罗纪残留地层。由于后期强烈改造,该地区侏罗纪原型盆地被严重破坏,其残留凹陷原始沉积关系、原型盆地发育及展布规律一直是学术界的研究热点。【方法】通过对该地区中侏罗统碎屑岩样品的重矿物Q型聚类分析、全岩地球化学以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析,进行了系统物源分析,并结合古构造背景、地层与沉积相特征,对该地区侏罗纪原型盆地进行了初步探讨。【结果与结论】(1)中侏罗世,可将研究区划分为5个沉积体系,各沉积区重矿物组合、全岩地球化学以及碎屑锆石年龄特征相异;(2)研究区物源母岩主要为中—酸性岩浆岩,混有不同程度的再旋回沉积岩;(3)物源区岩石的成因以大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘为主,且普遍受到两期岩浆事件(200~300 Ma和400~500 Ma)的影响;(4)研究区与潜在物源区特征对比显示,A区物源主要来自柴北缘构造带,少量物源来自欧龙布鲁克古地块;B区物源主要来自北偏东方向的南祁连地体;C区和D区物源主要来自近物源供给,推测为北方向的古隆起;E区物源主要来自东部东昆仑鄂拉山附近;(5)研究区在大煤沟组第五段时期,发育多个小型分隔型湖盆,而到了大煤沟第七段时期,小柴旦—红山地区和霍布逊地区湖盆连通,成为统一湖盆。研究结果对于了解柴达木盆地侏罗纪演化,指示青藏高原北缘盆山体系的相互作用以及指导柴北缘东段油气勘探具有科学意义。

土壤与矿样中重金属分析方法的比较研究

随着工业化和人类活动的增加,土壤和矿物中的重金属污染成为公众关注的焦点。重金属过量积累会对土壤生态系统和人类健康构成威胁,通过工业排放、农业投入、采矿等活动进入土壤和水体中,引起生态环境问题。然而,重金属元素也是许多工业和技术应用中不可或缺的材料,在医疗领域有着重要应用。因此,采取准确、可靠的方法,分析测量土壤和矿物中重金属含量至关重要。目前,有多种分析方法可用于土壤与矿样中重金属的测定,但不同方法的准确度、精密度和应用范围存在差异。因此,本文对原子吸收光谱法(AAS)、原子荧光光谱法(AFS)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光法(XRF)进行比较研究,评估其适用性、准确性和成本效益等特性,对于科学研究和环境监测具有重要意义。

四川盆地东部侏罗系凉高山组层序结构、沉积演化及其主控因素

综合利用野外露头、地震、薄片、重矿物组合、碎屑锆石U-Pb定年等资料,研究四川盆地东部(简称川东地区)中侏罗统凉高山组沉积特征、湖平面升降变化、物源性质,进而探讨周围造山带的构造作用对沉积体系的控制作用。研究表明:凉高山组主要发育三角洲—湖泊沉积体系,包含了一个完整的三级层序,进一步可划分为4次湖平面的升降旋回(四级层序),其中旋回Ⅰ和旋回Ⅱ湖盆主要分布在川东地区,旋回Ⅲ和Ⅳ湖盆迁移至四川盆地中部地区,使得川东地区南北沉积特征差异性明显。物源分析结果表明,川东地区凉高山组存在3种类型物源,其中Ⅰ类物源母岩主要以酸性火成岩为主,主要来自近源的扬子板块北缘;Ⅱ类物源母岩主要为中酸性火成岩和变质岩,物源区主要在南、北秦岭中部;Ⅲ类物源母岩以变质岩为主,中—酸性火成岩次之,物源主要来自北大巴山地区。综合研究沉积体系和物源性质的变化,认为川东地区凉高山组沉积演化受秦岭造山带构造活动的控制,沉积早期湖盆局限在研究区东侧,该时期以Ⅰ类物源为主;随着秦岭造山带南北向挤压作用的增强,湖盆快速扩张并向北迁移,Ⅱ类物源供给增强;沉积中后期北大巴山地区的隆升使得湖盆迁移的同时Ⅲ类物源的供给逐渐增强。

东海盆地西湖凹陷中西部花港组物源方向判别与源区性质分析

西湖凹陷中西部花港组的物源方向及源区性质是研究区沉积体系划分及有利油气相带预测的重要依据。通过收集研究区14口井共计300余块岩石样品,利用重矿物和稀土元素两种物源分析方法,对东海盆地西湖凹陷中西部花港组进行物源方向和源区性质分析。结果表明:①西湖凹陷重矿物种类多,不同样品重矿物组合差异大,指示出源区性质较为复杂。②稀土元素总量较高,轻重稀土元素分异明显,轻稀土富集。铕元素负异常显示西湖凹陷源岩主要为酸性花岗岩。铈元素微负异常显示花港组沉积时水体介质为缺氧的还原环境。不同地区稀土元素的配分模式具有一定差异性,进一步表明源区性质的复杂性,源岩以花岗岩为主,凹陷北部和平湖斜坡带存在变质岩的混源。其构造背景接近大陆边缘构造,元古代变质基底导致西湖凹陷母岩古老沉积物成分增加,局部发育元古代变质岩。③花港组物源来自NW向的海礁隆起和W向的渔山隆起,具体为北部物源来自海礁隆起北块的燕山期火成岩与前震旦纪变质岩,南部物源为海礁隆起南块和渔山隆起的综合作用。利用R型因子分析方法,以构造的物源指示因子F1更加精细的判别了物源方向,将南支物源进行了细分,3个分支分别南部来自渔山隆起的中生代花岗岩,中南部来自海礁隆起南块的燕山期火成岩与元古代变质岩。

柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区新近纪物源分析

一般认为柴西地区的扎哈泉油田新近纪砂坝储层的物源与古近纪的物源一致,但前人对古近纪的物源有不同的观点,从而造成扎哈泉地区新近纪物源认识不清,影响了该区沉积相与储层构型的研究。运用SPSS软件,对该区新近纪有限的重矿物资料进行聚类分析,进而研究不同类别样本的重矿物分布特征,并与铁木里克物源和祁漫塔格—东柴山物源进行了对比。研究结果表明:扎哈泉地区新近纪的物源来自祁漫塔格—东柴山,不存在两大物源在此交汇混合的情形,且该区内部又可以分为两个次级物源,一个仅仅覆盖扎2井区、扎401井区和扎7井区,另一个覆盖全区,两个次级物源存在交汇混合。该项研究厘清了扎哈泉地区新近纪物源的归属,为该区砂坝构型研究,特别是砂坝的迁移叠置方式研究提供了有力的参考。

基于扫描电子显微镜的重矿物物源分析方法对比

重矿物继承了源岩特征,能够揭示沉积盆地与源区之间的源汇联系。扫描电镜(SEM)及自动矿物识别技术的发展,使得重矿物从人工显微镜下鉴定逐步走向自动化定量分析。本文在传统显微镜识别的基础上,分别应用扫描电镜-能谱仪/背散射成像(SEM-EDS/BSE)技术及综合矿物分析系统(TIMA)进行重矿物的鉴定和统计,对比总结不同分析方法的特点和适用性,并对准噶尔盆地西北缘中生代物源区进行初步探讨。结果表明,基于SEM的两种分析方法都可以很好地对各种重矿物进行厘定和统计:其中SEM-EDS/BSE对矿物的统计更加灵活;TIMA能够快速、准确得到多种矿物信息,但需注意蚀变矿物对原生矿物统计的影响。根据重矿物组合、重矿物成熟度(ZTR指数)及前人报道的U-Pb年龄、古水流数据,认为准噶尔盆地西北缘中生代物源主要来自扎伊尔山,其中晚三叠世—早侏罗世哈拉阿拉特山隆升并开始为克拉玛依与白砾山地区提供物源。

东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷古新统物源分析及地质意义

东海陆架盆地古新统的物源演化是控制该地区沉积充填演化的主要因素。物源特征分析在盆地勘探开发方面具有重要意义。基于东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷古新统的取心样品开展系统的岩石学及矿物学特征分析,通过砂岩碎屑组分、轻、重矿物组合及相关参数的时空分布研究,探讨研究区古新统物源体系演化及其对盆地沉积充填的指示意义。丽水凹陷古新统碎屑岩主要为岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩,砂岩以中等—较好分选为主,颗粒多为次棱角状—次圆,整体磨圆较差,指示结构成熟度和成分成熟度相对较低。古新统月桂峰组—灵峰组在盆地不同部位的轻矿物组合特征明显不同且分带性明显:西次洼中部和北部以再旋回造山带母岩类型为主;西次洼南部则以再旋回造山带和岩浆弧母岩类型为主;东次洼以再旋回造山带母岩类型为主。研究区古新统各主要层位的重矿物组合特征变化较小,西部浙闽隆皱带和东部雁荡凸起为丽水凹陷最重要的物源区,盆内灵峰低凸在明月峰组下段沉积之前遭受严重剥蚀,向盆内提供局部物源。丽水凹陷古新统的物源体系分析表明,月桂峰组—灵峰组沉积期处于盆地断陷初期—断陷高峰期,盆内断隆发育形成盆内物源区,灵峰组上段沉积时盆地开始进入断陷后期,不再发育局部盆内物源,主体以盆外物源体系为主。

库车坳陷东部下侏罗统阿合组重矿物特征及物源分析

为探明库车坳陷东部下侏罗统阿合组物源性质及具体物质来源,为研究区油气勘探开发提供理论依据,利用相关性分析、Q型聚类分析等多元统计方法,对阿合组重矿物的稳定性及组合特征进行了分析。研究表明,阿合组重矿物类型以稳定矿物为主,呈现远离物源区的特征,研究区母岩性质主要为中、酸性岩浆岩及变质岩,对应了北部南天山造山带虎拉山与哈尔克山2个潜在物源区的安山岩、流纹岩、花岗岩及变质岩基底。利用重矿物组合平面分布差异将研究区分为5个分区,其中虎拉山主要控制研究区东部的吐东区,物源方向为自东北向西南;哈尔克山主要控制明南区、吐孜区、迪北区及克孜区,物源方向为自北向南。

鄂尔多斯盆地南部石盒子组盒8下段砂岩物源分析

通过岩石薄片鉴定、轻矿物、重矿物、主/微量元素和锆石U-Pb定年等方法,综合分析鄂尔多斯盆地南部盒8下段物源方向及来源。结果表明,研究区盒8下段储层岩性主要以岩屑砂岩和岩屑质石英砂岩为主,岩屑以变质岩岩屑和岩浆岩岩屑为主。综合古流向、长石含量分布、重矿物组合特征及判别指标等研究表明,研究区盒8下段主要存在4个大方向的物源区,分别为西南部、东南部、中南部和中北部。南部3个物源方向均有相似的物质来源,主要来自华北古老基底再旋回物质,其次来自北秦岭造山—北祁连造山带源区。西南部存在2个物源区,Ⅰ区存在少量可能来自北秦岭—北祁连造山带结合部位的陇山杂岩的物源,Ⅱ区为南北物源汇聚区,存在少量可能来自陇山杂岩的物源,阴山地块也可能为该区提供物源供给。

琼东南盆地陵水凹陷S2井区梅山组物源

探讨琼东南盆地陵水凹陷2号断裂带北部S2井区物源特征。通过搜集整理凹陷及周缘的6口井21个储层样品,利用岩石矿物学、重矿物分析、地球化学特征开展物源性质、母岩风化、成熟度分析,结合构造特征开展油气成藏特征分析。结果表明:S2井区物源主要来自海南岛西部,东北部物源对该区影响范围有限,具明显混源特征;沉积过程为石英质母岩经强烈风化、搬运再沉淀作用,砂岩成熟度中等,其重力流影响范围有限,只对凹陷东部沉积起到一定控制作用。S2井区具有一定的油气勘探前景,主要以断块圈闭、岩性圈闭和地层圈闭为勘探目标。

One size does not fit all: Refining zircon provenance interpretations via integrated grain shape, geochronology, and Hf isotope analysis

Sediment provenance studies commonly utilize isotopic signatures to resolve detrital mineral sources and routing.However,non-unique ages and geochemical characteristics across geographically distinct crystalline source regions can lead to significant ambiguities in mineral provenance interpretations.Such ambiguity is apparent in southern Australia’s Cenozoic Eucla Basin,which hosts world-class heavy mineral sand resources.Here,new Hf isotope data are provided from four heavy mineral prospects(N=8,n=844[N=samples,n=grains]).Zircon grain shape data are also presented for a suite of detrital Eucla Basin samples(N=22,n=35,604)and the basin’s underlying basement,the Coompana Province(N=13,n=824).The data are integrated with published detrital and non-detrital primary zircon data to investigate the efficacy of grain shape analysis to better resolve the basin’s mineral provenance.Zircon Hf isotope compositions indicate a primary Mesoproterozoic juvenile source for zircon melts(~1250-1000 Ma,-2.5<εHf>~+5)with additional contributions from a range of juvenile to evolved late Archean to Phanerozoic-aged zircon bearing magmas(-28.0<εHf>+11).U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes are incapable of differentiating Mesoproterozoic-aged source rocks bounding the region for the majority of heavy mineral deposits analyzed as potential sources express overlapping crystallization ages and similarities in Hf-isotope characteristics.However,distinct zircon grain shapes(i.e.,perimeter,major axis and circularity)facilitate improved differentiation across these Mesoproterozoic sources.Filtering of U-Pb age,Hf isotope and shape data implicate the underlying Madura and Coompana provinces as dominant sediment sources for Eucla Basin detritus aged~1400-1000 Ma.The lack of direct sediment pathways between the underlying basement provinces and placer sediments analyzed demonstrates the significance of zircon reworking from intermediate sedimentary basins in the formation of the economically significant Eucla Basin beach placers.Zircon grain shape represents a cheaply acquired and readily incorporated grain characteristic that can enhance provenance investigations.

Heavy mineral assemblage characteristics and the Cenozoic paleogeographic evolution in southwestern Qaidam Basin

Based on the analysis of heavy mineral assemblages in Cenozoic southwestern Qaidam Basin, we found that different areas have variable heavy mineral assemblage characteristics, which suggested that there were two source areas—the Altyn Mountains and the Qimen Tagh-East Kunlun Mountains. In Ganchaigou-Shizigou-Huatugou(Area A), which was mainly source from the Altyn Mountains, its heavy minerals were mainly composed of zircon, Ti-oxides, and wollastonite in the Paleoceneearly Eocene and mainly of unstable minerals, especially amphibole, in the middle Eocene-Oligene. Since the late OligoceneMiocene, the heavy minerals were still mainly unstable minerals, but the content of epidote increased and the content of amphibole decreased. In Qigequan-Hongliuquan(Area B), which was the mixed source from the Altyn Mountains and the Qimen Tagh-East Kunlun Mountains, its heavy minerals were mainly garnet, epidote, and amphibole. The source of LücaotanDongchaishan-Kunbei(Area C) was mainly from the Qimen Tagh-East Kunlun Mountains, heavy minerals in the sediments in Area C were mainly zircon and Ti-oxides in Paleogene and garnet, epidote, and amphibole in Neogene. In Yuejin-Youshashan(Area D), where the stable minerals and unstable minerals were present simultaneously, the heavy mineral assemblages was controlled by multi-direction source. The variation of heavy mineral assemblages in southwestern Qaidam Basin shows that Altyn Mountains was of low-lying topographic relief in Paleocene-early Eocene, and the rapid uplift of Altyn Mountains started from the middle Eocene. In Paleogene, the Altyn Tagh Fault had a slow strike-slip velocity, but the strike-slip velocity increased greatly since the late Oligocene, leading to a strike-slip displacement above 300 km since Neogene. Meanwhile, the Qimen Tagh-East Kunlun fault zone was under a stable tectonic stage in Paleogene with the Qimen Tagh Mountain being lowlying hills; since the late Oligocene, the fault zone started to activate and the Qimen Tagh Mountain began to uplift rapidly.

Sequence structure, sedimentary evolution and their controlling factors of the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation in the East Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the data of outcrops, seismic sections, thin sections, heavy mineral assemblages and detrital zircon U-Pb dating, the sedimentary characteristics, lake level fluctuation and provenance characteristics of the Middle Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation(J_(2)l) in eastern Sichuan Basin, SW China, were investigated to reveal the control of tectonic movements of the surrounding orogenic belts on the sedimentary systems. The J_(2)lmainly developed a delta–lake sedimentary system, which contained a complete third-order sequence that was subdivided into four lake level up-down cycles(fourth-order sequence).The lake basins of cycles Ⅰ and Ⅱ were mainly distributed in eastern Sichuan Basin, while the lake basins of cycles Ⅲ and Ⅳ migrated to central Sichuan Basin, resulting in the significant difference in sedimentary characteristics between the north and the south of eastern Sichuan Basin. The provenance analysis shows that there were three types of provenances for J_(2)l. Specifically, the parent rocks of Type Ⅰ were mainly acidic igneous rocks and from the proximal northern margin of the Yangtze Plate;the parent rocks of Type Ⅱ were intermediate-acid igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks and from the central parts of the southern and northern Qinling orogenic belts;the parent rocks of Type Ⅲ were mainly metamorphic rocks followed by intermediate–acid igneous rocks, and from the North Daba Mountain area. It is recognized from the changes of sedimentary system and provenance characteristics that the sedimentary evolution of J_(2)lin eastern Sichuan Basin was controlled by the tectonic compression of the Qinling orogenic belt. In the early stage, the lake basin was restricted to the east of the study area, and Type Ⅰ provenance was dominant. With the intensifying north-south compression of the Qinling orogenic belt, the lake basin expanded rapidly and migrated northward, and the supply of Type Ⅱ provenance increased. In the middle and late stages, the uplift of the North Daba Mountain led to the lake basin migration and the gradual increase in the supply of Type Ⅲ provenance.

珠江流域沉积物重矿物特征及其示踪意义

珠江流域沉积物重矿物组合与源区岩石特征具有极好的相关性,不同支流的重矿物组合及其代表性特征矿物差别明显。根据重矿物组合类型、重矿物特征指数及相关性分析可以把珠江流域源区类型从西到东分为3个区带,西部区带为西江上游源区,其重矿物组合类型为磁铁矿+钛铁矿+锆石+白钛石+磷灰石,特征矿物为磁铁矿、钛铁矿、磷灰石、铬铁矿,在该区域除大面积分布的碳酸盐岩外,发育变质岩和基性岩组合,有少量超基性和酸性岩浆岩;中部为西江中下游源区,重矿物组合类型为锆石+钛铁矿+磁铁矿+电气石+白钛石+绿帘石,特征矿物为辉石、白钛石、锆石、绿帘石,母岩出露区以碎屑岩类沉积岩为主,有少量变质岩和基性、酸性岩浆岩,其重矿物组合特征除了反映源区母岩的组合特征外,还由上游搬运而来的重矿物组合改造而成,属混合来源;东部为东江和北江源区,重矿物组合类型为角闪石+电气石+磁铁矿+钛铁矿+绿帘石+石榴子石,特征矿物为角闪石、电气石、榍石、石榴子石、矽线石,代表该区域大面积覆盖的酸性岩浆岩组合特征,夹部分变质岩及碎屑岩类沉积岩。研究结果显示,利用重矿物组合特征示踪珠江流域物源演变历史具有可行性。该研究结果对揭示珠江流域沉积物剥蚀-搬运-沉积规律,开展源汇对比分析具有重要意义。

重矿物资料在沉积物物源分析中的应用——以涠西南凹陷古近系流三段下亚段为例

重矿物资料在沉积物物源分析中被广泛的应用。采用聚类分析的数学统计方法,将重矿物资料在垂向上分出不同的沉积期次,得出表征不同母岩区的重矿物组合类型,进而在整个研究区对比划分物源体系并结合ZTR等值线图研究各沉积期次物源方向。由此涠西南凹陷古近系流三段下亚段可划分为四大物源体系,分别为北西物源体系,南西物源体系,北东物源体系,东部物源体系。各物源体系及物源方向与扇三角洲或冲积扇的主推进方向一致。因此,利用聚类分析方法所得的重矿物组合类型划分涠西南凹陷物源区是十分有效的。