Optimization of Engine Control Strategies for Low Fuel Consumption in Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicles

The reduction of fuel consumption in engines is always considered of vital importance.Along these lines,in this work,this goal was attained by optimizing the heavy-duty commercial vehicle engine control strategy.More specifically,at first,a general first principles model for heavy-duty commercial vehicles and a transient fuel consumptionmodel for heavy-duty commercial vehicles were developed and the parameters were adjusted to fit the empirical data.The accuracy of the proposed modelwas demonstrated fromthe stage and the final results.Next,the control optimization problem resulting in low fuel consumption in heavy commercial vehicles was described,with minimal fuel usage as the optimization goal and throttle opening as the control variable.Then,a time-continuous engine management approach was assessed.Next,the factors that influence low fuel consumption in heavy-duty commercial vehicles were systematically examined.To reduce the computing complexity,the control strategies related to the time constraints of the engine were parametrized using three different methods.The most effective solution was obtained by applying a global optimization strategy because the constrained optimization problem was nonlinear.Finally,the effectiveness of the low-fuel consumption engine control strategy was demonstrated by comparing the simulated and field test results.

Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Re-entry Attitude of Near Space Hypersonic Vehicle Based on Backstepping Design

Combining sliding mode control method with radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), this paper proposes a robust adaptive control scheme based on backstepping design for re-entry attitude tracking control of near space hypersonic vehicle (NSHV) in the presence of parameter variations and external disturbances. In the attitude angle loop, a robust adaptive virtual control law is designed by using the adaptive method to estimate the unknown upper bound of the compound uncertainties. In the angular velocity loop, an adaptive sliding mode control law is designed to suppress the effect of parameter variations and external disturbances. The main benefit of the sliding mode control is robustness to parameter variations and external disturbances. To further improve the control performance, RBFNNs are introduced to approximate the compound uncertainties in the attitude angle loop and angular velocity loop, respectively. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the tracking errors are shown to be asymptotically stable. Simulation results show that the proposed control system attains a satisfied control performance and is robust against parameter variations and external disturbances. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Series-parallel Hybrid Vehicle Control Strategy Design and Optimization Using Real-valued Genetic Algorithm

Despite the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle inherits the performance advantages from both series and parallel hybrid electric vehicle, few researches about the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle have been revealed because of its complex co nstruction and control strategy. In this paper, a series-parallel hybrid electric bus as well as its control strategy is revealed, and a control parameter optimization approach using the real-valued genetic algorithm is proposed. The optimization objective is to minimize the fuel consumption while sustain the battery state of charge, a tangent penalty function of state of charge（SOC） is embodied in the objective function to recast this multi-objective nonlinear optimization problem as a single linear optimization problem. For this strategy, the vehicle operating mode is switched based on the vehicle speed, and an ＂optimal line＂ typed strategy is designed for the parallel control. The optimization parameters include the speed threshold for mode switching, the highest state of charge allowed, the lowest state of charge allowed and the scale factor of the engine optimal torque to the engine maximum torque at a rotational speed. They are optimized through numerical experiments based on real-value genes, arithmetic crossover and mutation operators. The hybrid bus has been evaluated at the Chinese Transit Bus City Driving Cycle via road test, in which a control area network-based monitor system was used to trace the driving schedule. The test result shows that this approach is feasible for the control parameter optimization. This approach can be applied to not only the novel construction presented in this paper, but also other types of hybrid electric vehicles.

Configuration design and control of hybrid tracked vehicle with three planetary gear sets

The hybrid tracked vehicles(HTV)usually adopt series hybrid powertrain with extra steering mechanism,which has relatively low transmission efficiency and reduces the flexibility of structural arrangement.To overcome the disadvantages,a new kind of single-mode powertrain has been proposed.The power-split hybrid powertrain is composed of three planetary gear(PG)sets connected to one engine,left and right track outputs,and three motors.The proposed powertrain can realize steering while going forward by controlling the output torque on each side without extra steering mechanism or steering shaft.Due to the diversity of the connection way between components and planetary gear sets,a rapid configuration design approach is proposed for the design selection of HTV.The automated dynamic modelling method can show the one-to-one correspondence with the selected feasible groups by establishing two characteristic matrices,which is more simple than other researches.The analytically-based method is proposed to classify all possible connection designs into several groups to decrease the searching scope with improved design efficiency.Finally,the optimal control strategy is used to find the design with optimal fuel economy under typical condition of HTV.The case study is implemented by the proposed design approach which demonstrates better design performances compared with the existing series-hybrid HTV.

Thermal Management of Vehicle Cabins,External Surfaces,and Onboard Electronics:An Overview

Reducing heat accumulation within vehicles and ensuring appropriate vehicular temperature levels can lead to enhanced vehicle fuel economy,range,reliability,longevity,passenger comfort,and safety.Advancements in vehicle thermal management remain key as new technologies,consumer demand,societal concerns,and government regulations emerge and evolve.This study summarizes several recent advances in vehicle thermal management technology and modeling,with a focus on three key areas:the cabin,electronics,and exterior components of vehicles.Cabin-related topics covered include methods for reducing thermal loads and improving heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems;and advancements in window glazing/tinting and vehicle surface treatments.For the thermal management of electronics,including batteries and insulated-gate bipolar transistors(IGBTs),active and passive cooling methods that employ heat pipes,heat sinks,jet impingement,forced convection,and phase-change materials are discussed.Finally,efforts to model and enhance the heat transfer of exterior vehicular components are reviewed while considering drag/friction forces and environmental effects.Despite advances in the field of vehicle thermal management,challenges still exist;this article provides a broad summary of the major issues,with recommendations for further study.

Quadcopter UAV Modeling and Automatic Flight Control Design

The mathematical model of quadcopter-unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） is derived by using two approaches： One is the Newton-Euler approach which is formulated using classical meehanics; and other is the Euler-Lagrange approach which describes the model in terms of kinetic （translational and rotational） and potential energy. The proposed quadcopter＇s non-linear model is incorporated with aero-dynamical forces generated by air resistance, which helps aircraft to exhibits more realistic behavior while hovering. Based on the obtained model, the suitable control strategy is developed, under which two effective flight control systems are developed. Each control system is created by cascading the proportional-derivative （PD） and T-S fuzzy controllers that are equipped with six and twelve feedback signals individually respectively to ensure better tracking, stabilization, and response. Both pro- posed flight control designs are then implemented with the quadcopter model respectively and multitudinous simulations are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink to analyze the tracking performance of the quadcopter model at various reference inputs and trajectories.

高速飞行器气动控制耦合优化设计方法研究

针对传统串行设计过程由于空气动力学和控制系统数学模型复杂、无法综合考虑气动和控制的多目标优化的问题,提出了一种面向高速飞行器气动控制耦合优化设计方法。基于气动单学科代理优化(SBO)算法,将飞行器主动控制技术(ACT)的思想与多学科优化方法(MDO)相结合,构建了高速飞行器气动控制耦合多目标优化流程架构。在2马赫来流条件下,对带有控制舵的双锥体外形开展了气动耦合优化设计研究,以提升飞行器的气动性能和控制能力为优化目标。结果表明:经过气动控制耦合优化后的最优模型在超声速环境下,升力系数和升阻比分别提升了0.401%、2.999%,同时超调量与控制增益分别降低了2.769%、0.655%,气动性能和控制能力得到提升,验证了耦合策略的可行性;气动控制耦合优化的最优模型不仅使飞行器在超声速工作环境下性能更卓越,还有助于降低后续控制系统的设计难度,提高飞行器设计效率。所提气动控制耦合优化设计方法为高速飞行器的先进设计提供了必要的技术支撑。

基于Geomagic Wrap和Design X水路两栖遥控车逆向设计

以往届全国职业院校技能大赛“工业设计技术”赛题为载体,运用逆向工程和数字化设计方法,利用Geomagic Wrap和Design X逆向软件以及三维扫描仪完成水陆两栖遥控车上盖的逆向建模,结合NX软件完成水陆两栖遥控车的结构设计。逆向设计过程结合逆向造型、产品结构设计、机械制图以及人体工程学等相关内容,确保水陆两栖遥控车结构设计的完整性和合理性。

新能源汽车的驱动电机系统研究和设计

通过改变新能源汽车的能源消耗方式,能提高节能减排工作效果,促进新能源开发利用工作顺利进行,保证社会经济实现可持续发展。科学技术的发展决定着新能源汽车的研发进程,驱动电机系统作为新能源汽车的关键点,涉及新能源汽车研发的核心技术,相关人员要注重新能源汽车的驱动电机系统研究和设计,提高设计的合理性。

车载机动式测控站结构设计

高机动性是电子装备提高战场生存能力的重要手段,本文针对新型机动测控站高机动性以及机动中工作的需求,提出了一种高度集成的一车一站车载机动式测控站,对其从整车布局、人机工程、热设计等多角度进行了论述,其共形相控阵天线阵面的设计理念既保证了系统空域的覆盖,也可以为内部工作人员创造优良的工作环境,通过专业软件对系统天线舱的力、热、磁、噪声等性能的分析评估,证明相关设计可以满足要求,其设计思路可为后续类似系统的研制提供借鉴。

城市交通轨道车辆管控虚拟重构方法设计

为确保自动驾驶车辆在道路交通环境中的安全性,并实现对其整体化和精准化组织调度,文章引入了虚拟车辆管控理论,深入研究了城市交通轨道车辆的虚拟管控重构方法。该方法采用多目标排序方式,对交通轨道上的车辆进行虚拟重构,设计了一种多目标虚拟线路交通轨道重构策略。此外,构建了轨道交通车辆的虚拟调度重构模型,并通过动态交互处理方式实现了虚拟调度的计算。经过测试验证,在不同路段的时间控制下,该方法表现出良好的实时请求接受和处理能力,实时请求接受率超过1.2%,证明了其高性能和高效率。同时,虚拟重构的车辆平均行驶速度误差控制在3.2%以内,体现了其高精准性。

基于沙漠治理智能小车的创新实验教学系统设计

针对教育部提出的提高高校学生的创新和实践能力,该实践教学系统依托学科竞赛,设计了沙漠治理自动化装置,将智能小车和砾石铺设装置组合在一起,通过控制系统控制智能小车的行驶轨迹,同时控制砾石铺设装置,将砾石按田字形规律铺设,达到减轻人工铺设的劳动量,提高铺设效率。该实践教学系统激发了学生的兴趣和潜能,培养了学生的科研能力和创新精神。

基于视觉传感器的智能小车设计与实践

为更好地参加全国大学生智能汽车竞赛,本文提出一套以LPC54608为核心的智能小车系统,设计并制作了硬件电路系统。以单目摄像头为主要传感器,联动其他传感器对赛道情况进行系统感知,提取目标路径并进行优化,而后根据车辆结构设计控制算法来跟踪目标路径。实验测试结果表明,小车在2.4m/s的速度之下能正确识别各种赛道路径,并且在赛道上可以稳定行驶。

微型电动汽车动力电池充电保温系统设计研究

为解决微型电动汽车在低温环境下充电困难的问题,提出了一种动力电池充电保温系统。通过对加热部件-加热膜、电路以及热管理系统控制策略3方面进行设计,实现了充电保温功能和充电保温等待功能,确保充电时保持动力电池温度在适宜范围内的效用。实验结果表明,该充电保温系统可有效实现温度的调节,保证充电的正常运转。

环量控制飞翼翼型隐身与气动联合优化

飞翼无人机可利用主动流动控制技术取代传统舵面,避免舵面偏转产生的雷达回波,能够获得更好的隐身性能。本文面向装载环量控制器的大展弦比飞翼无人机,提出了一种兼顾气动和隐身性能的飞翼翼型联合优化方法。针对包含环量控制(Circulation control,CC)机构的二维翼型建立了基于代理模型的联合优化框架,并通过寻优求解,获得了Pareto前沿解集。选择Pareto前沿中的3个点对应的二维翼型进行了气动与隐身性能评估,数值计算结果证实了本文提出的联合优化方法的可行性。

开关磁阻电驱动系统机电控协同设计

提出一种高性能开关磁阻电驱动系统的高效正向协同设计方法,来提高开关磁阻电驱动系统的功率密度,同时降低汽车在典型循环行驶工况下的损耗。首先,建立开关磁阻电机动态转矩模型和径向力模型;然后,建立开关磁阻电机损耗模型,并结合齿轮传动系统损耗模型形成电驱动系统损耗模型,用于典型循环行驶工况下电驱动系统损耗的计算。最后,以机械、电气和控制参数为协同设计变量,以系统的循环行驶工况损耗、质量和转矩波动与径向力脉动为优化目标,采用了双层嵌套优化方法进行优化设计。基于上述方法对12/8级开关磁阻电驱动系统进行优化设计,经协同优化设计后的开关磁阻电驱动系统总质量减轻了19.76%;CLTC-P典型循环工况的系统总损耗减少了42.45%;系统综合效率提升7.66%。

新能源汽车电池热管理控制系统设计及实现分析

随着全球对环境保护意识的增强和对传统燃油汽车排放污染的担忧,新能源汽车作为一种清洁、高效的交通工具逐渐受到人们的关注和青睐。而作为新能源汽车的核心部件之一,电池的性能和寿命对整个车辆的性能和使用寿命有着重要影响。其中,电池的热管理控制系统是保证电池正常工作和延长电池寿命的关键。文章主要通过对新能源汽车电池热管理控制系统的设计和实现进行分析,以提高新能源汽车电池的性能和寿命。

城市轨道交通车辆基地防洪设计及监测方案研究

[目的]城市轨道交通车辆基地防洪关系到车辆基地及正线运营安全,为有效提高车辆基地防洪能力,需对车辆基地防洪设计要点及措施进行研究。[方法]从设计阶段对影响车辆基地防洪的场坪标高、改移河道设计等要点及注意事项进行详细分析;针对可能出现的大量积水通过车辆基地U型槽进入正线区间造成行车事故的不利情况,开展了防洪措施设计研究,分析确定了出入段线U型槽处为车辆基地防洪关键点;为提高其防洪应急处置能力,从水灾演化规律、监测原则、等级判断及预测、方案设计、智能决策及应急调度等方面进行了防洪及监测方案研究。[结果及结论]在出入段线U型槽位置,采用可移动拼接式防淹挡板设计方案;明确了防淹挡板设计及布置方案、专业接口要点、适用情况;通过设置水位监测点并结合监测融合算法系统、智能决策系统及应急调度指挥系统,构建了出入段线水灾监测、智能决策及应急调度方案,实现灾前、灾中、灾后全过程智能防洪预警及调度指挥。

基于TC377微控制器的整车控制器电源设计

介绍了基于TC377微控制器的整车控制器电源设计,采用TLE7368-3E多通道电源芯片,分别对输入电路设计和输出电路进行设计,并对电源设计进行验证和优化,最终实现对TC377供电,及控制器的静电保护、反接保护和防浪涌保护,输出电压稳定、干净、抗扰性强、驱动能力大,对主控芯片损伤小。整个电源设计只需一个电源芯片,集成度高、成本低,适应于作业恶劣的环境。

森林消防监测预警无人机设计研究与实践

为了优化森林消防监测预警无人机的设计流程和方法,降低森林火灾带来的隐患和损失。调研了国内外相关领域和产品的发展现状和规律,并且根据对应用户绘制了用户旅程图,总结了用户的痛点和需求点,并且根据实际使用场景归纳了产品的设计思路与原则。根据总结的设计思路与原则,进行了相应的设计实践。探讨了无人机产品在森林消防监测预警场景中的设计方法和实践,对于同类型的设计研究提供参考,同时促进了无人机在更多细分领域的专业化发展。