Dynamic effect of heavy-haul train on seismic response of railway cable-stayed bridge

This paper focuses on understanding and evaluating the dynamic effect of the heavy-haul train system on the seismic performance of a long-span railway bridge. A systematic study on the effect of heavy-haul trains on bridge seismic response has been conducted, considering the influence of vehicle modeling strategies and dynamic characteristics of the seismic waves. For this purpose, the performance of a long-span cable-stayed railway bridge is assessed with stationary trains atop it, where the heavy-haul vehicles are modeled in two different ways: the multi-rigid body model with suspension system and additional mass model. Comparison of the bridge response in the presence or absence of the train system has been conducted, and the vehicle loading situation, which includes full-load and no-load, is also discussed. The result shows that during the earthquake, the peak moment of the main girder and peak stress of stay cables increase by 80% and by 40% in the presence of fully loaded heavy-haul trains, respectively. At the same time, a considerable decrease appears in the peak acceleration of the main girder. This proves the existence of the damping effect of the heavy-haul train system, and this effect is more obvious for the fully loaded vehicles. Finally, this paper proposes an efficient vehicle modeling method with 2 degrees of freedom(DOF) for simplifying the treatment of the train system in bridge seismic checking.

Longitudinal train dynamics of electric multiple units under rescue

Once operating trains are disabled on the railway lines,an efficient manner is to utilize the train for train rescue.Owning to the different train and coupler types,it is difficult to formulate uniform regulations for train to train rescue.In this paper,the longitudinal train dynamics of electric multiple units under rescue were analyzed by field and laboratory tests.The angling behavior of the brakinginduced coupler under compressed in-train forces was analyzed.A dynamic model for the train and draft gear system was developed considering accurate boundary limitations and braking characteristics.The safety indices and their limits for the coupled rescue train were defined.Thedynamic evaluations of different train to train rescue scenarios were analyzed.It is indicated that the coupler vertical rotation occurs during the emergency braking applied by the assisting train.The vertical force components of intrain forces lead to the carbody pitch behavior and even cause local destructions to the coupler system.The carbody pitch motion can arise the inference of in-train devices.Based on the safety evaluation of train and coupler system,the regulations for typical train to train rescue scenarios were formulated.

Evaluation of progressive early rehabilitation training mode in intensive care unit patients with mechanical ventilation

BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation is a common resuscitation method in the intensive care unit(ICU).Unfortunately,this treatment process prolongs the ICU stay of patients with an increased incidence of delirium,which ultimately affects the prognosis.AIM To evaluate the effect of progressive early rehabilitation training on treatment and prognosis of patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU.METHODS The convenience sampling method selected 190 patients with mechanical ventilation admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 2020 to March 2021.According to the random number table method,they were divided into the control and intervention groups.The control group received routine nursing and rehabilitation measures,whereas the intervention group received progressive early rehabilitation training.In addition,the incidence and duration of delirium were compared for the two groups along with mechanical ventilation time,ICU hospitalization time,functional independence measure(FIM)score,Barthel index,and the incidence of complications(deep venous thrombosis,pressure sores,and acquired muscle weakness).RESULTS In the intervention group,the incidence of delirium was significantly lower than in the control group(28%vs 52%,P<0.001).In the intervention group,the duration of delirium,mechanical ventilation time,and ICU stay were shorter than in the control group(P<0.001).The FIM and Barthel index scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group(P<0.001).The total incidence of complications in the intervention group was 3.15%,which was lower than 17.89%in the control group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Progressive early rehabilitation training reduced the incidence of delirium and complications in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation,which improved prognosis and quality of life.

Dynamic performance of heavy-haul combined train applying emergency braking on straight line

A heavy-haul train-track coupled model is developed. Taking the emergency braking of the 2×104 t combined train as example, the train longitudinal impulse, the coupler dynamic behaviors and wheel-rail interactions of vehicles distributing in the different positions are analyzed. The results indicate that under the coupler compressing forces, the couplers of middle locomotives may tilt to the free swing limits, which induces the unidirectional tilt of their connected wagon couplers. Consequently, the coupler longitudinal forces produce the lateral components, and then affect the wheel-rail dynamic interaction. The performance of the middle locomotive and their neighboring freight wagons deteriorate significantly, becoming the most dangerous parts in the combined train. The wagons disconnecting with the locomotives can basically keep their couplers to stabilize in the centering positions, even though the maximum coupler longitudinal force acts on it. And its corresponding running safety also has little changes.

Perceptions of emergency medicine residents on the quality of residency training in the United States and Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: We compare educational environments(i.e. physical, emotional and intellectual experiences) of emergency medicine(EM) residents training in the United States of America(USA) and Saudi Arabia(SA).METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted using an adapted version of the validated Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure(PHEEM) survey instrument from April 2015 through June 2016 to compare educational environments in all emergency medicine residency programs in SA and three selected programs in the USA with a history of training Saudi physicians. Overall scores were compared across programs, and for subscales(autonomy, teaching, and social Support), using chi-squared, t-tests, and analysis of variance.RESULTS: A total of 219 surveys were returned for 260 residents across six programs(3 SA, 3 USA), with a response rate of 84%. Program-specific response rates varied from 79%–100%. All six residencies were qualitatively rated as "more positive than negative but room for improvement". Quantitative PHEEM scores for the USA programs were significantly higher: 118.7 compared to 109.9 for SA, P=0.001. In subscales, perceptions of social support were not different between the two countries(P=0.243); however, role autonomy(P<0.001) and teaching(P=0.005) were better in USA programs. There were no significant differences by post-graduate training year.CONCLUSION: EM residents in all three emergency medicine residency programs in SA and the three USA programs studied perceive their training as high quality in general, but with room for improvements. USA residency programs scored higher in overall quality. This was driven by more favorable perceptions of role autonomy and teaching. Understanding how residents perceive their programs may help drive targeted quality improvement efforts.

Remote nursing training model combined with proceduralization in the intensive care unit dealing with patients with COVID-19

The shortage of personal protective equipment and lack of proper nursing training have been endangering health care workers dealing with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In our treatment center,the implementation of a holistic care model of time-sharing management for severe and critical COVID-19 patients has further aggravated the shortage of intensive care unit(ICU)professional nurses.Therefore,we developed a short-term specialized and targeted nursing training program to help ICU nurses to cope with stress and become more efficient,thus reducing the number of nurses required in the ICU.In order to avoid possible human-to-human spread,small teaching classes and remote training were applied.The procedural training mode included four steps:preparation,plan,implementation,and evaluation.An evaluation was conducted throughout the process of nursing training.In this study,we documented and shared experiences in transitioning from traditional face-to-face programs to remote combined with proceduralization nursing training mode from our daily work experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic,which has shown to be helpful for nurses working in the ICU.

System integration and innovation of operating 20 kt combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line

Datong-Qinhuangdao line, as the first electrified double-track heavy-haul line dedicated to coal transport in China, extends from Datong in the west, and reaches Qinhuangdao in the east, opened to traffic in December, 1992, totaling 653 km with the designed annual traffic volume of 1×108 t. In order to meet the demands of national economic development, the transport capacity of the line must be enhanced greatly. Depending on independent innovation, MOR, for the first time in the world,realizes the integration between GSM-R and Locotrol, the integration between 800 MHz digital radio and Locotrol, and the integration between a single set of Locotrol and SS4 locomotive. Meanwhile, CR develops equipment portfolio for heavy-haul through combining 2 high power locomotives of HXD series (means harmony) with controllable EOT. Relying on integration and innovation, it succeeds in operating 20 kt-level combined heavy-haul train on Datong-Qinhuangdao line, which tripled the annual traffic volume of the line from 1×108 t in 2002 to 3×108 t in 2007.

Simulation study on the influence of longitudinal dynamic force on extreme-long heavy-haul trains

Purpose–The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of longitudinal forces on extreme-long heavy-haul trains,providing new insights and methods for their design and operation,thereby enhancing safety,operational efficiency and track system design.Design/methodology/approach–A longitudinal dynamics simulation model of the super long heavy haul train was established and verified by the braking test data of 30,000 t heavy-haul combination train on the long and steep down grade of Daqing Line.The simulation model was used to analyze the influence of factors on the longitudinal force of super long heavy haul train.Findings–Under normal conditions,the formation length of extreme-long heavy-haul combined train has a small effect on the maximum longitudinal coupler force under full service braking and emergency braking on the straight line.The slope difference of the long and steep down grade has a great impact on the maximum longitudinal coupler force of the extreme-long heavy-haul trains.Under the condition that the longitudinal force does not exceed the safety limit of 2,250 kN under full service braking at the speed of 60 km/h the maximum allowable slope difference of long and steep down grade for 40,000 t super long heavy-haul combined trains is 13‰,and that of 100,000 t is only 5‰.Originality/value–The results will provide important theoretical basis and practical guidance for further improving the transportation efficiency and safety of extreme-long heavy-haul trains.

Monitoring energy usage of heavy-haul iron ore trains with on-board energy meter for improving energy efficiency

Purpose-For billing purposes,heavy-haul locomotives in Sweden are equipped with on-board energy meters,which can record several parameters,e.g.,used energy,regenerated energy,speed and position.Since there is a strong demand for improving energy efficiency in Sweden,data from the energy meters can be used to obtain a better understanding of the detailed energy usage of heavy-haul trains and identify potential for future improvements.Design/methodology/approach-To monitor energy efficiency,the present study,therefore,develops key performance indicators(KPIs),which can be calculated with energy meter data to reflect the energy efficiency of heavy-haul trains in operation.Energy meter data of IORE class locomotives,hauling highly uniform 30-tonne axle load trains with 68 wagons,together with additional data sources,are analysed to identify significant parameters for describing driver influence on energy usage.Findings-Results show that driver behaviour varies significantly and has the single largest influence on energy usage.Furthermore,parametric studies are performed with help of simulation to identify the influence of different operational and rolling stock conditions,e.g.,axle loads and number of wagons,on energy usage.Originality/value-Based on the parametric studies,some operational parameters which have significant impact on energy efficiency are found and then the KPIs are derived.In the end,some possible measures for improving energy performance in heavy-haul operations are given.

Clinical impact of endoscopy position detecting unit(UPD-3) for a non-sedated colonoscopy

AIM:To evaluate whether an endoscopy position detecting unit(UPD-3) can improve cecal intubation rates, cecal intubation times and visual analog scale(VAS) pain scores, regardless of the colonoscopist's level of experience.METHODS:A total of 260 patients(170 men and 90women)who underwent a colonoscopy were divided into the UPD-3-guided group or the conventional group(no UPD-3 guidance).Colonoscopies were performed by experts(experience of more than 1000colonoscopies)or trainees(experience of less than 100colonoscopies).Cecal intubation rates,cecal intubation times,insertion methods(straight insertion:shortening the colonic fold through the bending technique;roping insertion:right turn shortening technique)and patient discomfort were assessed.Patient discomfort during the endoscope insertion was scored by the VAS that was divided into 6 degrees of pain.RESULTS:The cecum intubation rates,cecal intubation times,number of cecal intubations that were performed in<15 min and insertion methods were not significantly different between the conventional group and the UPD-3-guided group.The number of patients who experienced pain during the insertion was markedly less in the UPD-3-guided group than in the conventional group.Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the following factors were associated with lower VAS pain scores during endoscope insertion:insertion method(straight insertion)and UPD-3guidance in the trainee group.For the experts group,univariate analysis showed that only the insertion method(straight insertion)was associated with lower VAS pain scores.CONCLUSION:Although UPD-3 guidance did not shorten intubation times,it resulted in less patient painduring endoscope insertion compared with conventional endoscopy for the procedures performed by trainees.

Demands of experiential training for ICU nurses in Hunan of China

Objective:To assess intensive care unit(ICU)nurses’demands for specialized experiential training and to provide inputs for developing an experiential training program for ICU nurses.Methods:A questionnaire for assessing ICU nurses’demands for experiential specialty training was distributed to 360 ICU nurses,selected through purposive sampling from two secondary hospitals and six tertiary hospitals in Hunan Province,China.Results:Of the survey participants,63.6%had undergone a specialty training program for ICU nurses.Of these individuals,53.0%were satisfied with the training.Certification as a qualified nurse was considered an essential criterion for admission of trainees into the program by 81.8%of respondents,while 77.1%of respondents considered clinical working experience to be a critical requirement for selecting trainers.A total of 48.1%of the respondents preferred part-time training,and 36.1%considered a training cycle of 9 e12 weeks to be reasonable.Moreover,they felt that the training methods should be tailored to different stages of the experiential learning cycle.Demands for experiential training among ICU nurses were quantified,with high demand reflected in an overall score of 4.41±0.48.The“intensive care technology”experiential training module was ranked highest in terms of demand,with the top five sub-modules being specialty operating technology(4.67±0.53),care of critically ill patients(4.66±0.55),critical patient rescue procedures(4.65±0.56),assessing monitoring indexes(4.63±0.56),and the application of relevant instruments(4.61±0.57).Conclusion:Nearly half of the respondents indicated that their experiences of specialty training programs were not satisfactory,and they had high demands for experiential training.Thus,to optimize training outcomes,continuous updating of training methods is essential.Moreover,a systematic,comprehensive,and multilevel experiential training program that targets the specific needs of ICU nurses is essential.

Analysis of torque transmitting behavior and wheel slip prevention control during regenerative braking for high speed EMU trains

The wheel-rail adhesion control for regenerative braking systems of high speed electric multiple unit trains is crucial to maintaining the stability,improving the adhesion utilization,and achieving deep energy recovery.There remain technical challenges mainly because of the nonlinear,uncertain,and varying features of wheel-rail contact conditions.This research analyzes the torque transmitting behavior during regenerative braking,and proposes a novel methodology to detect the wheel-rail adhesion stability.Then,applications to the wheel slip prevention during braking are investigated,and the optimal slip ratio control scheme is proposed,which is based on a novel optimal reference generation of the slip ratio and a robust sliding mode control.The proposed methodology achieves the optimal braking performancewithoutthewheel-railcontactinformation.Numerical simulation results for uncertain slippery rails verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Availability of basic life support courses for the general populations in India, Nigeria and the United Kingdom: An internet-based analysis

BACKGROUND:The number of lay people willing to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)in real life is increased by effective education in basic life support(BLS).However,little is known about access of general public to BLS training across the globe.This study aimed to investigate availability and key features of BLS courses proposed for lay people in India,Nigeria and the United Kingdom(UK).METHODS:A Google search was done in December 2018,using English keywords relevant for community resuscitation training.Ongoing courses addressing BLS and suitable for any adult layperson were included in the analysis.On-site training courses were limited to those provided within the country's territory.RESULTS:A total of 53,29 and 208 eligible courses were found for India,Nigeria and the UK,respectively.In the UK,the number of courses per 10 million population(31.5)is 79 and 21 times higher than that in India(0.4)and Nigeria(1.5).Course geography is limited to 28%states and one union territory in India,30%states and the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria.In the UK,the training is offered in all constituent countries,with the highest prevalence in England.Courses are predominantly classroom-based,highly variable in duration,group size and instructors'qualifications.For India and Nigeria,mean cost of participation is exceeding the monthly minimum wage.CONCLUSION:In contrast to the UK,the availability and accessibility of BLS courses are critically limited in India and Nigeria,necessitating immediate interventions to optimize community CPR training and improve bystander CPR rates.

Unit 9 Shapes教学设计

1.设计思路本课是第一课时的Part B、C部分的新授课,而且是一节白板展示课。教学中我首先以介绍自己的朋友直入主题,让学生带着好奇心对朋友提出问题,最后提问"How does he come here?",白板课件展示"He comes here by train",顺势教学单词shape。然后通过新朋友Tommy带领学生参观他的房子,在参观途中教授一些新的图形单词,然后在游戏中呈现其他单词,接着,以"读、说"为目的,指导学生跟读单词。最后,make and say"

基于Unity3D的化工实训交互学习系统的研究

吸收解吸单元是一种典型的化工单元,在炼油、化工等工业中应用广泛,本文以吸收解吸单元装置为例采用Unity3D技术开发在浏览器中可以运行的化工实训交互学习系统,把虚拟的化工实训装置的结构认知、流程认知和操作与真实的化工实训装置结合起来,实现装置认知、操作练习、综合考试等功能,达到化工实训过程中虚实结合、循序渐进、相互补充的目的。采用交互式的学习方式激发了学生学习的兴趣,采用智能化的考试方式规范了学生的操作动作,有效的减少了误操作,该化工实训交互学习系统在化工教学中具有较强的推广价值。

Effect of Training Nurses in ICU in Immediate Care Post Cardiac Surgery

The specialty of cardiovascular surgical nursing has advanced patient care significantly both before and after surgery, and it is now a well-established field. The primary goal of cardiovascular surgical nursing is to optimize the patient's recovery and prevent complications. Immediate nursing care for post-operative cardiac patients in a state of controlled shock due to fluid shift and varying vascular tone. Aim of the Study: Assessment of nurse’s knowledge and performance after the training program of nursing care immediately after a patient arrives from cardiac surgery. Methods: This pre and post-intervention study was conducted at cardiac centers in Sudan Alshaab and Ahmed Gasim Cardiac Center. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact on nurses’ performance after training program post open-heart surgery. In the initial phase of the study, all 98 nurses working in the intensive care units at Alshaab and Ahmed Gasim cardiac centers were designated as the study group and evaluated before the intervention. Subsequently, the same group was reassessed after the intervention (phase 2), allowing for a comparison of the pre- and post-intervention results. The assessment involved the use of a specifically designed questionnaire and an observation checklist developed in accordance with the standards recommended by the American Nurses Association (phase 3). Result: Descriptive analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, the difference in the performance between the study group before intervention and after the intervention was assessed by the mean of chi-square significantly was taken as p < 0.05.

Effect of preoperative inspiratory muscle training on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent disease worldwide and places a great burden on the health and economic welfare of patients.Cardiac surgery is an important way to treat cardiovascular disease,but it can prolong mechanical ventilation time,intensive care unit(ICU)stay,and postoperative hospitalization for patients.Previous studies have demonstrated that preoperative inspiratory muscle training could decrease the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.AIM To explore the effect of preoperative inspiratory muscle training on mechanical ventilation time,length of ICU stay,and duration of postoperative hospitalization after cardiac surgery.METHODS A literature search of PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang,and the China Science and Technology journal VIP database was performed on April 13,2022.The data was independently extracted by two authors.The inclusion criteria were:(1)Randomized controlled trial;(2)Accessible as a full paper;(3)Patients who received cardiac surgery;(4)Preoperative inspiratory muscle training was implemented in these patients;(5)The study reported at least one of the following:Mechanical ventilation time,length of ICU stay,and/or duration of postoperative hospitalization;and(6)In English language.RESULTS We analyzed six randomized controlled trials with a total of 925 participants.The pooled mean difference of mechanical ventilation time was-0.45 h[95%confidence interval(CI):-1.59-0.69],which was not statistically significant between the intervention group and the control group.The pooled mean difference of length of ICU stay was 0.44 h(95%CI:-0.58-1.45).The pooled mean difference of postoperative hospitalization was-1.77 d in the intervention group vs the control group[95%CI:-2.41-(-1.12)].CONCLUSION Preoperative inspiratory muscle training may decrease the duration of postoperative hospitalization for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.More high-quality studies are needed to confirm our conclusion.

National preparedness survey of pediatric intensive care units with simulation centers during the coronavirus pandemic

The coronavirus disease pandemic caught many pediatric hospitals unpreparedand has forced pediatric healthcare systems to scramble as they examine and planfor the optimal allocation of medical resources for the highest priority patients.There is limited data describing pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) preparednessand their health worker protections.AIMTo describe the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preparedness effortsamong a set of PICUs within a simulation-based network nationwide.METHODS A cross-sectional multi-center national survey of PICU medical director(s) fromchildren’s hospitals across the United States. The questionnaire was developedand reviewed by physicians with expertise in pediatric critical care, disasterreadiness, human factors, and survey development. Thirty-five children’shospitals were identified for recruitment through a long-established nationalresearch network. The questions focused on six themes: (1) PICU and medicaldirector demographics;(2) Pediatric patient flow during the pandemic;(3)Changes to the staffing models related to the pandemic;(4) Use of personalprotective equipment (PPE);(5) Changes in clinical practice and innovations;and(6) Current modalities of training including simulation.RESULTSWe report on survey responses from 22 of 35 PICUs (63%). The majority of PICUswere located within children’s hospitals (87%). All PICUs cared for pediatricpatients with COVID-19 at the time of the survey. The majority of PICUs (83.4%)witnessed decreases in non-COVID-19 patients, 43% had COVID-19 dedicatedunits, and 74.6% pivoted to accept adult COVID-19 patients. All PICUsimplemented changes to their staffing models with the most common changesbeing changes in COVID-19 patient room assignment in 50% of surveyed PICUsand introducing remote patient monitoring in 36% of the PICU units. Ninety-fivepercent of PICUs conducted training for donning and doffing of enhanced PPE.Even 6 months into the pandemic, one-third of PICUs across the United Statesreported shortages in PPE. The most common training formats for PPE werehands-on training (73%) and video-based content (82%). The most commonconcerns related to COVID-19 practice were changes in clinical protocols andguidelines (50%). The majority of PICUs implemented significant changes in theirairway management (82%) and cardiac arrest management protocols in COVID-19patients (68%). Simulation-based training was the most commonly utilizedtraining modality (82%), whereas team training (73%) and team dynamics (77%)were the most common training objectives.CONCLUSIONSA substantial proportion of surveyed PICUs reported on large changes in theirpreparedness and training efforts before and during the pandemic. PICUsimplemented broad strategies including modifications to staffing, PPE usage,workflow, and clinical practice, while using simulation as the preferred trainingmodality. Further research is needed to advance the level of preparedness,support staff assuredness, and support deep learning about which preparednessactions were effective and what lessons are needed to improve PICU care andstaff protection for the next COVID-19 patient waves.

ICU护士急性皮肤衰竭护理知信行现状及影响因素分析

目的调查ICU护士急性皮肤衰竭护理知信行现状及影响因素,为开展相关教学培训提供依据。方法2023年1月—3月,便利选取山东省和北京市4所三级甲等医院ICU护士作为研究对象,采用自行编制的ICU护士急性皮肤衰竭护理知信行调查问卷进行调查。结果回收有效问卷272份,ICU护士急性皮肤衰竭护理知识维度得分(29.09±7.55)分,态度维度得分为(37.65±5.89)分,行为维度得分(34.62±8.77)分。多元回归分析显示,是否为伤口专科护士、是否接受过急性皮肤衰竭培训、是否护理过急性皮肤衰竭患者是ICU护士急性皮肤衰竭护理知信行的影响因素(P<0.05),学历是ICU护士急性皮肤衰竭护理行为的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论ICU护士对急性皮肤衰竭护理的态度较为积极,但知识和行为水平有待提高。护理管理者应针对ICU护士的特点,建立和完善急性皮肤衰竭培训体系,加强相关培训,提高其对急性皮肤衰竭的知信行水平,提高ICU患者急性皮肤衰竭护理质量。

30所三级医院开展ICU护士入职培训的现况调查

目的:调查三级医院开展ICU护士入职培训现况,为探索更有效的ICU护士入职培训提供参考。方法:2022年7月—8月,采用便利抽样法选取全国11个省份30所三级医院57个ICU的护理管理者及583名ICU护士作为调查对象,使用自行设计的ICU护士入职培训情况调查问卷进行调查。结果:参与调查的57个(100.0%)ICU均制定了新护士入职培训计划并规定经过带教期后方可独立上岗,但培训形式多样、带教期时长尚不统一,仅32个(56.1%)ICU有资质准入制度和相关考核;52名(91.2%)护理管理者将规范化培训后的新护士视为最优选;应届毕业生新护士占总护士人数的比例与非计划性拔管的发生率呈正相关(r=0.341,P<0.05)。参与调查的583名护士中364名(62.4%)认为3~6个月的带教时长最为合适,339名(58.1%)倾向于毕业后先掌握普通患者护理技能,再入职ICU;回归分析显示入职培训期间ICU护士适应工作压力的影响因素为ICU类型、临床实践带教形式与带教时长。结论:目前ICU资质准入制度仍不完善,入职培训尚无统一的方案,带教时长仍需要进一步讨论,未来仍需要制定纲领性文件指导ICU开展护士入职培训工作。