Development of Wearable Semi-invasive Blood Sampling Devices for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Survey

Semi-invasive blood sampling devices mimic the way female mosquitoes extract blood from a host. They generally consist of a microneedle, a microactuator for needle insertion, a blood extraction mechanism and a blood glucose sensor. These devices have great potential to overcome the major disadvantages of several current blood glucose monitoring methods. Over last two decades, extensive research has been made in all of these related fields. More recently, several wearable devices for semi-invasive blood sampling have been developed. This review aims at summarizing the current state-of-the-art development and utilization of such wearable devices for continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels, with a special attention on design considerations, fabrication technologies and testing methods.

Algorithm-based arterial blood sampling recognition increasing safety in point-of-care diagnostics

AIM To detect blood withdrawal for patients with arterial blood pressure monitoring to increase patient safety and provide better sample dating.METHODS Blood pressure information obtained from a patient monitor was fed as a real-time data stream to an experimental medical framework. This framework was connected to an analytical application which observes changes in systolic, diastolic and mean pressure to determine anomalies in the continuous data stream. Detection was based on an increased mean blood pressure caused by the closing of the withdrawal three-way tap and an absence of systolic and diastolic measurements during this manipulation. For evaluation of the proposed algorithm, measured data from animal studies in healthy pigs were used.RESULTS Using this novel approach for processing real-time measurement data of arterial pressure monitoring, the exact time of blood withdrawal could be successfully detected retrospectively and in real-time. The algorithm was able to detect 422 of 434(97%) blood withdrawals for blood gas analysis in the retrospective analysis of 7 study trials. Additionally, 64 sampling events for other procedures like laboratory and activated clotting time analyses were detected. The proposed algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 0.97, a precision of 0.96 and an F1 score of 0.97.CONCLUSION Arterial blood pressure monitoring data can be used toperform an accurate identification of individual blood samplings in order to reduce sample mix-ups and thereby increase patient safety.

Sample preference for colorectal cancer screening tests: Blood or stool?

Objective: Despite the high prevalence of CRC and the proven benefits of faecal sampling tests, participation rates in CRC screening are suboptimal. Literature has identified a number of barriers to participation, including faecal aversion. Emerging test technologies suggest blood-based molecular markers might provide an alternative, more acceptable option, for CRC screening tests. We aim to determine preference for blood compared to faeces as the sample for the screening test. Methods: A survey was mailed to 956 South Australians aged 50 to 74 years. Data were collected on sample preference, demographic variables, and ratings of screening test convenience and comfort. Results: The survey yielded a 43% response rate. The majority of participants preferred to provide a blood sample (78% v 22%, p < 0.001). Women were more likely to prefer blood than men (82% vs 74%, p = 0.05). Sample experience influenced preferences, with a significantly higher preference for faeces among participants with experience in faecal sampling (27% vs 17% with no experience, p < 0.05). Participants who preferred to provide a faecal sample rated it significantly more convenient (p < 0.001), more comfortable (p < 0.001), and more acceptable (p < 0.001) than those who preferred blood sampling. Conclusions: Survey participants overwhelmingly indicate a preference for the idea of a blood sample over a faecal sample for CRC screening. Preference was influenced by gender, experience with sampling method and the individual’s perception of sampling convenience, sampling comfort and sample acceptability. Our results suggest population participation rates are likely to improve with blood-based screening tests.

Determination of creatinine level in patient blood samples by Fourier NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis in comparison with biochemical assay

In this paper,in vivo spectra from 23 patients'blood samples with various Creatinine(Cr)concentration levels ranging from 0.96 to 12.5 mg/dL were measured using Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer(FT-NIRS)and spectrum quantitative analysis method.Since Cr undergoes passive filtration,it serves as a key biomarker of kidneys function via the estimation of glomerular filtration rate.Thus,increased blood Cr concentration reflects impaired renal func-tion.After spectra pre processing and outlier exclusion,a spectral model was developed based on partial least squares regression(PLSR)method,wherein Cr concentrations correlated with filtered NIR spectra across several peaks,where Cr is know n to absorb NIR light.Several statistical metrics were applied to estimate the model efficiency during data analysis.Comparison of spectra-derived concentrations to reference Cr measurements by the current gold-standard Jaffe's method held in hospital lab revealed a Cr prediction accuracy of 1.64 mg/dL with good corre-lation of R=0.9.Bland-Altman plots were used to compare between our calculations and ref-erence lab values and reveal minimal bias between the two.The finding presented the potential of FT-NIRS coupled with PLSR technique for Cr determination.

An AAS Dependent Method for Quantitative Analysis of Essential Trace Elements from Blood Samples of Pakistani Female Breast Cancer Patients

Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in the world. The long-term exposure of some metallic compounds induces different forms of cancer, including breast cancer. Trace elements are essential metals for the physiological functions of the cell on a molecular level and also contribute in treatment of many diseases. The aim of study was to compare the level of essential trace elements, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc in breast cancer patients with normal healthy adult women. Total forty-five patients (age range from 25 - 73 years) were included in this study and divided into three groups according to three different stages of breast cancer including tumor-II, tumor-III and tumor-IV. Blood was collected from all participants after taking history, clinical data and taking consent. However, about fifteen non-cancer healthy women in age range from 26 - 69 years were subjected to this study. The elemental concentrations were determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometer subsequent to microwave-induced acid digestion. The results of Na, K, Zn, Fe, Ca, were observed to decrease in blood samples of breast cancer patients as compared to non-cancer subjects. The results are reliable with other numerous literature reported studies, the efficiency, and deficiency of these trace metals may contribute an important role in the progress of breast cancer.

Distinguishing of Abuse Drugs in Urine and Blood Samples of Abusers in Iran

In this study, one hundred urine samples and one hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples referred who addicts in clinics of Welfare Organization, during of detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ± 15 and age range of males patients were 42 ± 18. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anowa one way, and P 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The P value of this study was P = 0.000. In this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis and TLC （thin-layer chromatography） is appropriate confirmation method to drug abuse distinguishing. Also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse.

Evaluation of Abuse Drugs and Clinical Laboratory Tests Variations in Whole Blood ＆ Urine Samples of Abusers

In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples of addicts in clinics of welfare organization, during detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. The all of samples were tested through as a view of clinical laboratory methods. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ~ 15 and age range of males patients were 45 ~ 15. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. First, all fresh urine and blood samples were examined to confirm presence drugs abuses, depend on their addiction and treatment, so all samples were confirmed by two tests. Then they were examined to other clinical laboratory tests. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anova one way and two ways of Anova Turkey, and p 〈 0.05 was considered significant. The p-value of this study was p = 0.0001. The results of this study were showed that 4% of abusers had mild increase in hematocrite level and 2% of narcotic drugs abusers had mild lower level of blood sugars than normal range and 4% of participants had increase liver enzymes such ALT （alanine transferase）, AST （aspartat transferase）, ALP （alkaline phosphatease） and 1% of them had renal failure. Although blood level BUN （blood urea nitrogen） and creatinin were examined to evaluation of their renal failure .The results in Tabriz/Iran undrevision of welfare organization clinics were approximately showed that positive results of addiction are in each of urine and blood samples. Because some of abusers directly consumed full long time agonist or partial agonists＇ drugs such as methadone and buprenorphine for their maintenance therapy in clinics. Also doing test on blood samples has high importance in distinguishing and confirmation of drugs abuse in samples. Also in this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis, also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse, and serum levels of some other parameters showed all abusers patients situation such as liver and renal dysfimction through clinical laboratory tests.

Fabrication and data harvesting of casting sample of rat liver blood vessels

BACKGROUND: The configuration and course of liver blood vessels (LBVs) are involved in the study of patho-genesis of hepatic diseases including liver cirrhosis, tissue engineering of the liver and surgical treatment of diseases of the liver and gallbladder. In the study of vascularization in tissue engineering of the liver in particular, the work we should do is to get the anatomy data of LBVs for computer-aided reconstruction of digital model of LBVs. In doing so, the casting sample of rat liver blood vessels (RLBVs) is fabricated and the data of each section of the sample is harvested. METHODS: Liquid polymer preparation (8%-10%), which was made of chlorinated poly vinyl chloride ( CPVC) as a solute, acetone as solvent and pigment, was injected into the RLBVs of 40 rats. Once acetone evaporated, the preparation solidified. When the cells and connective tissue were dissolved by hydrochloric acid, a casting sample of RLBV was left. The sample was embedded in paraffin and cut into sections. The data of each section of RLBVs was collected by digital camera. RESULTS: In 36 rats, the casting sample of RLBVs was made successfully by this method. The diameter of the hepatic arteries varied from 0. 8 to 0.2 mm, the portal veins from 2.0 to 0.1 mm, and the hepatic veins from 2.2 to 0.2 mm. In each rat, about 150 photographs of the sections of RLBVs were taken. CONCLUSION: The method described above is feasible for getting experimental data for computer-aided reconstruction of the digital model of RLBVs.

Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Human Blood Samples of Agro Professionals and Non-Agro Professionals

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pesticide residues in human blood samples of volunteers related to Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas districts, Pakistan. The volunteers of both districts were divided into four groups on the basis of their exposure period to pesticides i.e. Group A-5 to 9 years, Group B-10 to 14 years, Group C-15 to19 years and Group D-above 20 years. Out of total 188 volunteers, 145 volunteers (77.1%) were agro–professionals and 43 volun- teers (32.9%) were non–agro professionals. Chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, 1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chorophenyl) ethane (p,p'-DDT) and parathion residues were detected in many samples. The predominant pesticides found in blood samples of both district volunteers were chlorpyrifos (with highest mean concentration of 0.37 mg kg-1 in the D group of Mirpurkhas) and endosulfan (with highest mean concentration of 0.30 mg kg-1 in the D group of Hyderabad). The quantity of pesticide residues detected in some blood samples of agro-professionals were found to be at the alarming level.

Optimization of Dry Ashing of Whole Blood Samples for Trace Metal Analysis

Dry ashing is an established method. Ashing whole blood samples are, however, often difficult to carry out with significant sample loss, and the procedure is not well documented. A new procedure has been devel- oped and optimized to dry-ash whole blood samples for trace metal analyses. The procedure reduces both the dry-ashing time by more than two thirds and sample loss. The ashed sample can be readily used in subse- quent, simultaneous or individual analysis of several metals by ICP-OES, as demonstrated in the analysis of a whole blood sample. The new procedure is simple, inexpensive, and faster than the established method.

Active tracking of rejected dried blood samples in a large program in Nigeria

AIM: To study the impact of rejection at different levels of health care by retrospectively reviewing records of dried blood spot samples received at the molecular laboratory for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) early infant diagnosis(EID) between January 2008 and December 2012.METHODS: The specimen rejection rate, reasons for rejection and the impact of rejection at different levels of health care was examined. The extracted data were cleaned and checked for consistency and then deduplicated using the unique patient and clinic identifiers. The cleaned data were ciphered and exported to SPSS version 19(SPSS 2010 IBM Corp, New York, United States) for statistical analyses.RESULTS: Sample rejection rate of 2.4%(n = 786/32552) and repeat rate of 8.8%(n = 69/786) were established. The mean age of infants presenting for first HIV molecular test among accepted valid samples was 17.83 wk(95%CI: 17.65-18.01) vs 20.30 wk(95%CI: 16.53-24.06) for repeated samples. HIV infection rate was 9.8% vs 15.9% for accepted and repeated samples. Compared to tertiary healthcare clinics, secondary and primary clinics had twofold and three-fold higher likelihood of sample rejection, respectively(P < 0.05). We observed a significant increase in sample rejection rate with increasing number of EID clinics(r = 0.893, P = 0.041). The major reasons for rejection were improper sample collection(26.3%), improper labeling(16.4%) and insufficient blood(14.8%). CONCLUSION: Programs should monitor pre-analytical variables and incorporate continuous quality improvement interventions to reduce errors associated with sample rejection and improve patient retention.

Isolation of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) <i>Salmonella typhi</i>from Blood Samples of Patients Attending Tertiary Medical Centre in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Objective: Almost all year round occurrence of typhoid fever remains a major public health issue in Bangladesh. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of multi-drug resistance Salmonella typhi in Dhaka city. The major objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of multi-drug and Extended drug-resistant patterns of typhoidal Salmonella typhi among the patients attending a tertiary medical center by conventional culture and serologic test. Materials and Methods: Blood was collected by syringe and equally divided between aerobic & anaerobic BacT Alert bottle, 10 mL for paediatrics. Post isolation Salmonella strains were identified and were tested for antibiotic resistance. Results: A total of 600 blood samples of typhoid suspected patients were tested, where 32.5% came out positive, which were identified as Salmonella typhi. These isolates were susceptible to carbapenem drugs but highly resistant to Fluoroquinolones and Aminoglycosides antibiotics. Discussion: It was seen that 73.23% of isolates among male patients were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) meaning that isolates were sensitive against only one or two antibiotics while in the female it was 58.46%. Isolates from Female patients showed higher multi-drug resistant (MDR) (26.15%) isolates resistance to multiple antibiotics in comparison to isolates from the male (16.54%). 87.19% of the strains showed high drug resistance (XDR and MDR). Conclusion: The emergence of XDR and MDR strains of S. typhi in recent years is becoming a significant threat. Although no PAN-Drug resistance (resistant against all tested drugs) was observed in the current study, a high level of XDR and MDR isolates are indicating that the scenario might take place sooner than later.

2018—2022年京津冀血液筛查实验室检测前质量不合格标本情况分析

目的 探讨2018—2022年京津冀15家血液筛查实验室(血站实验室)检测前质量不合格标本的情况及存在问题,为提升京津冀血站实验室质量同质化建设提供数据支持。方法 选取北京、天津和河北3个地区的血液中心和中心血站的15家血站实验室,其中包括3家血液中心实验室和12家地市级中心血站实验室,分别用代码A~O表示。收集15家血站实验室2018—2022年检测前接收标本总数、质量不合格标本总数以及常见不合格原因(溶血、乳糜、容量不足量、血细胞比容异常、采集后未按要求及时离心和其他原因等)对应标本数,分析检测前标本的不合格情况。结果2018—2022年15家血站实验室检测前质量不合格标本率为1.98‱,呈下降趋势,由2.54‱下降至1.57‱。标本质量不合格原因5年来保持稳定,占比依次是乳糜(74.72%)、溶血(7.41%)、容量不足量(5.42%)、其他原因(4.42%)、血细胞比容异常(4.35%)、采集后未按要求及时离心(3.68%)。15家血站实验室之间检测前质量不合格标本率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与检测前总体质量不合格标本率相比,11家实验室低于总体水平,其中4家持续保持稳定状态。结论 15家血站实验室的检测前过程控制总体良好,但由于各血站在检测前标本管理过程的流程设计和工作模式的不同导致统计数据存在差异,部分实验室仍有改进空间。

应用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法检测血样中秋水仙碱

秋水仙碱是一种强效生物碱,因其具有特殊的结构及药效,受到人们广泛的关注。多项研究都表明秋水仙碱体内血药浓度较低,因此对其检测分析方法的灵敏度要求较高。本文建立了使用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱仪(UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)测定血样中秋水仙碱的检测方法。考察不同流动相和色谱柱对秋水仙碱分离效果的影响,结果表明在甲醇水体系作为流动相条件下,使用Accucore^(TM)Phenyl-Hexyl(2.1 mm×100 mm×2.6μm)色谱柱,仪器响应值高且分离效果较好。采用乙腈为蛋白沉淀剂,有机微孔过滤膜净化提取液,用UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS对血样中秋水仙碱进行定性定量检验。分析采用Accucore^(TM)Phenyl-Hexyl(2.1 mm×100 mm×2.6μm)色谱柱,电喷雾离子源正离子(FullMS/ddMS^(2))模式,使用阶梯碰撞能量:35、60和85 eV,用5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和甲醇作为流动相梯度洗脱。本方法血样中的秋水仙碱定量限为0.5 ng/mL;秋水仙碱在0.5~100 ng/mL范围内线性良好(R^(2)=0.9985),3个浓度平均回收率为92.8%~98.3%,日内精密度为1.6%~7.1%(n=6)。这一定性定量分析方法简易可靠,灵敏度高,适用于血样中秋水仙碱的检验鉴定。

省域血站主要血液质量指标监测值框量区间的建立与应用成效

目的获得河北省域血站提供临床使用的红细胞类、血浆及衍生物类及去白细胞单采血小板等主要血液成分的几项质量指标监测值框量区间,了解监测值分布状态及监测水平变化,进一步加强全省血站质控实验室同质化建设。方法2023年收集河北省12家血站2015—2022年常供血液成分抽检数据,制作散点图并设置框量标记,以均值±SD线作为框量区间上限和下限,2024年补充2023年监测数值后对比前后两个框量区间变化,进行稳定性、整体水平分析。结果2015—2022年框量区间与2015—2023年框量区间标准差对比:去白细胞悬浮红细胞-血红蛋白含量由8.132减小为7.993;洗涤红细胞-血红蛋白含量由6.252减小为6.104;洗涤红细胞-上清蛋白质含量由0.273减小为0.267;冷沉淀凝血因子-FⅧ含量由57.506减小为56.276;新鲜冰冻血浆-FⅧ含量由0.920减小为0.892;去白细胞单采血小板-白细胞残留量由0.653减小为0.644、去白细胞单采血小板-红细胞混入量由2.653减小为2.603,以上项目标准差范围缩小,监测值更为集中,离散度降低;2015—2022年框量区间与2015—2023年框量区间均值对比:去白细胞悬浮红细胞的白细胞残留量均值由0.362增长为0.476、洗涤红细胞的血红蛋白含量均值由44.915减小为44.861、上清蛋白质含量均值由0.280增长为0.283、溶血率均值由0.137增长为0.142、冷沉淀凝血因子的FⅧ含量均值由133.989减小为133.271、新鲜冰冻血浆的血浆蛋白含量均值由60.262减小为60.208、FⅧ含量均值由1.301减小为1.277、去白细胞单采血小板-血小板含量均值由3.036减小为3.033,均值距离国标线更近,反映出2023年监测数值不合格值或接近国标线值增多。各项目分类观察:凝血类项目长期合格率较低,未见好转;生化类均稳定性增强但发生整体偏移,平均值近国标线,后续检测不合格可能性增强;计数类涉及项目较多,未表现明显共同性特征。结论探索采用“mean±SD”形式在各项汇总数据分析中的应用,能够较为直观地展现全省监测值在不同项目中呈现的分布状态,形成了既往9年的指标区间框架,表现了各项目类型特征,为后续各单位的质控实验室数据分析提供思路,以采取积极措施提升监测水平。

共情护理辅助预见性护理对采血室儿童静脉采血穿刺成功率、不合格血标本数的影响

目的 研究共情护理辅助预见性护理对采血室儿童静脉采血穿刺成功率、不合格血标本数的影响。方法 回顾性分析我院2022年9月至2022年11月282例静脉采血患儿的的临床资料,根据护理方式不同分为对照A组(94例)、对照B组(94例)、观察组(94例),对照A组予以常规护理,在此基础上,对照B组予以预见性护理,观察组予以共情护理辅助预见性护理。比较3组一次采血成功率、不合格血标本数、疼痛行为反应(FLACC)、儿童哭闹时长、采血时长、穿刺次数、静脉穿刺并发症、家属护理满意度。结果 观察组、对照B组一次采血成功率95.74%(90/94)、91.49%(86/94)高于对照A组81.91%(77/94),不合格血标本数0.86%(2/233)、1.29%(3/232)低于对照A组5.22%(12/230)(P<0.05);观察组儿童哭闹时长、采血时长短于对照A组、对照B组,且对照B组短于对照A组,穿刺次数少于对照A组、对照B组,且对照B组少于对照A组(P<0.05);观察组FLACC量表体位、面部表情、腿部活动、可安慰度、哭闹条目评分低于对照A组、对照B组,且对照B组低于对照A组(P<0.05);观察组、对照B组静脉穿刺并发症2.13%(2/94)、3.19%(3/94)低于对照A组12.77%(12/94)(P<0.05);观察组家属护理满意度98.94%(93/94)高于对照A组80.85%(76/94)、对照B组90.43%(85/94),且对照B组高于对照A组(P<0.05)。结论 共情护理辅助预见性护理能减轻静脉采血患儿疼痛程度,提高一次穿刺成功率,减少不合格血标本数,也能提高家属护理满意度。

基于ICEEMDAN与样本熵的脑血氧信号去噪方法

人体生理活动和随机噪声都会对脑血氧检测数据精度产生影响,为提高测量精度,需解决信号采集时遇到的噪声干扰。文中提出一种利用改进的具备自适应噪声的完全集成经验模态分解(Improved Complete Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise,ICEEMDAN)与样本熵(Sample Entropy,SampEn)相结合的脑血氧信号去噪方法。利用ICEEMDAN对脑血氧信号进行模态分解,从而获得不同时间复杂度的固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)分量。通过样本熵值判断各IMF分量的时间复杂度,依据IMF分量的样本熵值选择合适的分量重构信号,从而去除原始信号的噪声。实验结果表明,所提方法可以有效去除原始脑血氧信号中的噪声,实现采集数据的精度提升,进而提高脑血氧检测精度。

生化项目检验中不同类型血液样本结果观察

目的探讨不同类型血液样本在生化检验项目中的结果差异。方法选择2022年10—12月平湖市当湖街道社区卫生服务中心的117例健康体检者作为研究对象,收集所有受检者血清样本。比较不同送检时间(采血后15 min内或60 min后送检)所得的丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、空腹血糖(FBG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)检测结果差异;对正常样本和溶血样本的LDH、CK、AST、尿酸(UA)、血肌酐(SCr)、总胆红素(TBil)检测结果进行分析;对血清样本进行不同抗凝处理(未处理、肝素锂抗凝处理、枸橼酸钠抗凝处理),比较各组ALT、AST、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)检测结果的差异。结果采血60 min后送检所得ALT、AST、FBG、CK、LDH检测值均明显低于15 min内送检[ALT(U/L):16.59±2.23比19.65±2.22;AST(U/L):16.74±2.80比20.71±2.85;FBG(mmol/L):4.92±2.64比5.50±2.63;CK(U/L):70.05±2.80比95.66±2.34;LDH(U/L):163.81±2.30比205.32±2.21;均P<0.05]。正常样本LDH、CK、AST、TBil检测值均明显低于溶血样本,UA、SCr检测值均明显高于溶血样本[LDH(mmol/L):169.40±3.12比297.20±3.26;CK(mmol/L):130.80±2.98比265.40±3.02;AST(U/L):20.00±2.25比102.10±2.30;TBil(mmol/L):12.22±2.33比19.02±2.36;UA(mmol/L):300.40±2.23比205.63±2.15;SCr(mmol/L):63.00±2.50比34.58±2.23;均P<0.05]。经肝素锂和枸橼酸钠抗凝处理的样本检测所得ALT、AST、ALP、ALB、TG、TC、HDL-C结果与未经抗凝处理样本比较差异均有统计学意义。结论影响生化项目检验结果的因素较多,为进一步提高生化项目检验结果的准确性,需探讨血液检验中相关因素对结果造成的影响,加强专业水平培训,提高血液样本的检验效率。

循证护理在新生儿桡动脉采血中的应用

目的研究新生儿桡动脉采血中应用循证护理的效果。方法数据取自我院2023年1月至2023年12月收治的138例桡动脉采血新生儿,采用随机数字表法分参照组(常规护理,85例)和循证组(循证护理,53例),两组护理效果比较分析。结果干预前,两组疼痛情况差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。采取干预措施后,循证组疼痛程度(NIAPAS)得分低于参照组(P<0.05);循证组一次穿刺成功率(100.00%)高于参照组(74.12%),循证组皮下血肿发生率(0)低于参照组(7.06%)。培训后,护士的新生儿动脉采血操作考核成绩评分高于培训前(P<0.05)。结论新生儿桡动脉采血中应用循证护理可减轻疼痛程度,提高一次穿刺成功率,降低并发症风险、减少皮下血肿现象,可为新生儿桡动脉穿刺疼痛的护理提供借鉴。