According to climate features and river runoff conditions, Xinjiang could be divided into three research areas： The Altay-Tacheng region, the Tianshan Mountain region and the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. U...According to climate features and river runoff conditions, Xinjiang could be divided into three research areas： The Altay-Tacheng region, the Tianshan Mountain region and the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. Utilizing daily observations from 12 sounding stations and the annual runoff dataset from 34 hydrographical stations in Xinjiang for the period 1960-2002, the variance of the summertime 0℃ level height and the changing trends of river runoff are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, through trend contrast of curves processed by a 5-point smoothing procedure and linear correlation. The variance of the summertime 0℃ level height in Xinjiang correlates well with that of the annual river runoff, especially since the early 1990s, but it differs from region to region, with both the average height of the 0℃ level and runoff quantity significantly increasing over time in the Al- tay-Tacheng and Tianshan Mountain regions but decreasing on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. The correlation holds for the whole of Xinjiang as well as the three indi- vidual regions, with a 0.01 significance level. This indicates that in recent years, climate change in Xinjiang has affected not only the surface layer but also the upper levels of the atmosphere, and this raising and lowering of the summertime 0℃ level has a direct impact on the warming and wetting process in Xinjiang and the amount of river runoff. Warming due to climate change increases the height of the 0℃ level, but also speeds up, ice-snow melting in mountain regions, which in turn increases river runoff, leading to a season of plentiful water instead of the more normal low flow period.展开更多
Based on the daily observed data from eight sounding stations and the daily mountain runoff data from nine rivers in summer from 1960 to 2009 in four typical study areas located in arid region of Northwest China(ARNC)...Based on the daily observed data from eight sounding stations and the daily mountain runoff data from nine rivers in summer from 1960 to 2009 in four typical study areas located in arid region of Northwest China(ARNC),the change trends,abrupt change points,and their significance of runoff and 0℃ level height(FLH) were analyzed in ARNC in the last 50 years by using Mann-Kendall(MK) nonparametric test,and the quantitative relationship between runoff and FLH in summer was also analyzed with the linear regression and elastic coefficient methods.The results are indicated as follows:(1) in recent 50 years,there is a similar changing trend between the summer runoff and FLH in ARNC and each region has its own unique feature.The summer runoff has been significantly ascending in the Tianshan Mountains and on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains(NSQM) compared to that of the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains(NSKM).Likewise,the FLH has been taking on a markedly rising trend on the northern slopes of the Tianshan and Qilian Mountains(NSTM and NSQM) in comparison with the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains(SSTM).However,the FLH on NSKM has been decreasing with the speed of 2.33 m every year.(2) Abrupt change analysis indicates that the period of abrupt change happened for summer runoff and FLH is totally different among the four typical study regions,and even in same region.(3) There is a positive significant relation between the summer runoff and FLH in ARNC(NSQM P <0.05;other three regions P <0.01).Therefore,the ascending and descending of the summer FLH is a vital factor inducing the change of summer runoff in ARNC.(4) The elastic coefficient of summer runoff to the change of summer FLH on NSKM,NSTM,NSQM,and SSTM are 7.19,3.80,2.79,and 6.63,respectively,which indicates that there exists the regional difference in the sensibility of summer runoff to the change of summer FLH in ARNC.The distinct proportion of glacial meltwater runoff is an important cause resulting in the regional difference of sensibility.展开更多
Based on the radiosonde data observed at 14 stations in Southwest China from 1960 to 2010, as well as the corresponding surface air temperature, the long-term change of free-air 0℃ isotherm height in Southwest China ...Based on the radiosonde data observed at 14 stations in Southwest China from 1960 to 2010, as well as the corresponding surface air temperature, the long-term change of free-air 0℃ isotherm height in Southwest China and the relationships between surface air temperature and 0℃ isotherm height are discussed. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of 0℃ isotherm height is generally related with latitude, but the huge massif or plateau may complicate the latitude pattern. The two main regimes influencing the spatial patterns of 0℃ isotherm height in Southwest China are latitude and huge massif. The annual 0℃ isotherm height has increased by 35 m per decade in the recent decades, which is statistically significant at the 0.001 level. Generally, the increasing trend can be examined for each seasonal series, especially in winter （53 m per decade）. The diversity of trend magnitudes for annual and seasonal series can also be detected at a spatial view, but generally 0℃ isotherm height correlated well with surface air temperature.展开更多
2020年2月13-14日北京地区出现一次极端雨雪天气过程,利用EC再分析数据、风廓线雷达、气候资料等,采用诊断分析、风廓线产品反演、气候异常分析等方法,对这次伴有复杂相态转换、对流、累计降水量破历史同期极值的极端雨雪天气过程进行...2020年2月13-14日北京地区出现一次极端雨雪天气过程,利用EC再分析数据、风廓线雷达、气候资料等,采用诊断分析、风廓线产品反演、气候异常分析等方法,对这次伴有复杂相态转换、对流、累计降水量破历史同期极值的极端雨雪天气过程进行分析和异常诊断,结果表明:(1)大尺度低涡、高/低空急流、锋面等天气系统为降水提供良好的背景条件。(2)河北中部的中尺度涡旋,是这次极端雨雪天气的重要成因之一。(3)对流活动的参与提高了降水效率,致使过程累计降水量进一步增大。(4)850 h Pa切变线北侧强盛的偏东气流,在动力抬升、水汽输送及辐合中发挥重要作用。(5)-8~-20℃层云冰含量低,且0℃层高度>700 m是造成北京平原地区相态转换时间延迟的直接原因。(6)边界层回流冷空气由平原东部进入北京,是雨雪相态转换由东向西发生的根本原因。(7)极端的水汽通量辐合异常,是此次天气过程累计雨量突破同期历史极值的重要原因之一。展开更多
利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2013年4月18日到20日河南出现的一次区域性寒潮天气过程的环流背景、影响系统及寒潮期间降水多相态转换的成因进行了分析。结果表明:本次寒潮过程属于横槽转竖型,冷锋迅速南下,导致寒潮暴发;此...利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2013年4月18日到20日河南出现的一次区域性寒潮天气过程的环流背景、影响系统及寒潮期间降水多相态转换的成因进行了分析。结果表明:本次寒潮过程属于横槽转竖型,冷锋迅速南下,导致寒潮暴发;此次寒潮天气的大气温度层结存在逆温层结构特征,温度廓线的变化会导致降水相态发生变化;受低层冷空气持续影响,暖层强度即融化层遭到一定程度的破坏或消失,冷层即冻结层强度增强,0℃层高度下降,以致降水相态发生相应的改变;降水相态的变化与暖层温度及0℃层高度密切相关。根据本次寒潮过程中NCEP再分析数据得到:当降水相态为雨时,暖层温度≥2℃,0℃层高度≤975 h Pa;当降水相态为雪时,暖层温度≤-1℃,0℃层高度≌1000 h Pa;当降水相态为冰粒时,2℃≥暖层温度≥-1℃,1000 h Pa≥0℃层高度≥975 h Pa。展开更多
基金Special Fund for Social Public Good Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology,No.IDM200603National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), No.2010CB951001 National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41075050,No.40775019 No.40875010
文摘According to climate features and river runoff conditions, Xinjiang could be divided into three research areas： The Altay-Tacheng region, the Tianshan Mountain region and the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. Utilizing daily observations from 12 sounding stations and the annual runoff dataset from 34 hydrographical stations in Xinjiang for the period 1960-2002, the variance of the summertime 0℃ level height and the changing trends of river runoff are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, through trend contrast of curves processed by a 5-point smoothing procedure and linear correlation. The variance of the summertime 0℃ level height in Xinjiang correlates well with that of the annual river runoff, especially since the early 1990s, but it differs from region to region, with both the average height of the 0℃ level and runoff quantity significantly increasing over time in the Al- tay-Tacheng and Tianshan Mountain regions but decreasing on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. The correlation holds for the whole of Xinjiang as well as the three indi- vidual regions, with a 0.01 significance level. This indicates that in recent years, climate change in Xinjiang has affected not only the surface layer but also the upper levels of the atmosphere, and this raising and lowering of the summertime 0℃ level has a direct impact on the warming and wetting process in Xinjiang and the amount of river runoff. Warming due to climate change increases the height of the 0℃ level, but also speeds up, ice-snow melting in mountain regions, which in turn increases river runoff, leading to a season of plentiful water instead of the more normal low flow period.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2010CB951003)
文摘Based on the daily observed data from eight sounding stations and the daily mountain runoff data from nine rivers in summer from 1960 to 2009 in four typical study areas located in arid region of Northwest China(ARNC),the change trends,abrupt change points,and their significance of runoff and 0℃ level height(FLH) were analyzed in ARNC in the last 50 years by using Mann-Kendall(MK) nonparametric test,and the quantitative relationship between runoff and FLH in summer was also analyzed with the linear regression and elastic coefficient methods.The results are indicated as follows:(1) in recent 50 years,there is a similar changing trend between the summer runoff and FLH in ARNC and each region has its own unique feature.The summer runoff has been significantly ascending in the Tianshan Mountains and on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains(NSQM) compared to that of the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains(NSKM).Likewise,the FLH has been taking on a markedly rising trend on the northern slopes of the Tianshan and Qilian Mountains(NSTM and NSQM) in comparison with the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains(SSTM).However,the FLH on NSKM has been decreasing with the speed of 2.33 m every year.(2) Abrupt change analysis indicates that the period of abrupt change happened for summer runoff and FLH is totally different among the four typical study regions,and even in same region.(3) There is a positive significant relation between the summer runoff and FLH in ARNC(NSQM P <0.05;other three regions P <0.01).Therefore,the ascending and descending of the summer FLH is a vital factor inducing the change of summer runoff in ARNC.(4) The elastic coefficient of summer runoff to the change of summer FLH on NSKM,NSTM,NSQM,and SSTM are 7.19,3.80,2.79,and 6.63,respectively,which indicates that there exists the regional difference in the sensibility of summer runoff to the change of summer FLH in ARNC.The distinct proportion of glacial meltwater runoff is an important cause resulting in the regional difference of sensibility.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2013CBA01801National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41161012
文摘Based on the radiosonde data observed at 14 stations in Southwest China from 1960 to 2010, as well as the corresponding surface air temperature, the long-term change of free-air 0℃ isotherm height in Southwest China and the relationships between surface air temperature and 0℃ isotherm height are discussed. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of 0℃ isotherm height is generally related with latitude, but the huge massif or plateau may complicate the latitude pattern. The two main regimes influencing the spatial patterns of 0℃ isotherm height in Southwest China are latitude and huge massif. The annual 0℃ isotherm height has increased by 35 m per decade in the recent decades, which is statistically significant at the 0.001 level. Generally, the increasing trend can be examined for each seasonal series, especially in winter （53 m per decade）. The diversity of trend magnitudes for annual and seasonal series can also be detected at a spatial view, but generally 0℃ isotherm height correlated well with surface air temperature.
文摘2020年2月13-14日北京地区出现一次极端雨雪天气过程,利用EC再分析数据、风廓线雷达、气候资料等,采用诊断分析、风廓线产品反演、气候异常分析等方法,对这次伴有复杂相态转换、对流、累计降水量破历史同期极值的极端雨雪天气过程进行分析和异常诊断,结果表明:(1)大尺度低涡、高/低空急流、锋面等天气系统为降水提供良好的背景条件。(2)河北中部的中尺度涡旋,是这次极端雨雪天气的重要成因之一。(3)对流活动的参与提高了降水效率,致使过程累计降水量进一步增大。(4)850 h Pa切变线北侧强盛的偏东气流,在动力抬升、水汽输送及辐合中发挥重要作用。(5)-8~-20℃层云冰含量低,且0℃层高度>700 m是造成北京平原地区相态转换时间延迟的直接原因。(6)边界层回流冷空气由平原东部进入北京,是雨雪相态转换由东向西发生的根本原因。(7)极端的水汽通量辐合异常,是此次天气过程累计雨量突破同期历史极值的重要原因之一。
文摘利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2013年4月18日到20日河南出现的一次区域性寒潮天气过程的环流背景、影响系统及寒潮期间降水多相态转换的成因进行了分析。结果表明:本次寒潮过程属于横槽转竖型,冷锋迅速南下,导致寒潮暴发;此次寒潮天气的大气温度层结存在逆温层结构特征,温度廓线的变化会导致降水相态发生变化;受低层冷空气持续影响,暖层强度即融化层遭到一定程度的破坏或消失,冷层即冻结层强度增强,0℃层高度下降,以致降水相态发生相应的改变;降水相态的变化与暖层温度及0℃层高度密切相关。根据本次寒潮过程中NCEP再分析数据得到:当降水相态为雨时,暖层温度≥2℃,0℃层高度≤975 h Pa;当降水相态为雪时,暖层温度≤-1℃,0℃层高度≌1000 h Pa;当降水相态为冰粒时,2℃≥暖层温度≥-1℃,1000 h Pa≥0℃层高度≥975 h Pa。
文摘本文选用2007年1月—2010年2月的Cloud Sat卫星94 GHz探测资料（2B-GEOPROF）对淮河流域混合云出现频率、云高以及含水量分布规律进行了研究。研究结果表明：（1）混合云出现频率和云高具有显著的季节性变化特征,均表现为夏季值高、冬季低;（2）Cloud Sat 2B-CWC-RO反演产品在假设混合云冰水混合比与云内温度（-20-0℃）成线性关系条件下反演的液态水含量（LWP）与地面观测值相差较大,本文利用冰水混合比与云内温度成指数函数关系反演的LWP更接近地面观测值;（3）反演的LWP具有明显的季节分布特征,其季节平均值夏秋季高、春冬季低。混合云随着LWP值的增加,其对应的雷达反照率因子范围和出现的高度层越来越集中,混合云在对流层中下层的出现频率随LWP的增加而增多,出现频率高值区及其分布的高度层也具有明显的季节性特征,并与混合云零度层高度有密切关系。
