Aim:To investigate whether tumor cells in a lymph node(LN)can invade from the marginal sinus into extranodal veins via vessel branches that communicate with intranodal veins and whether this can be a starting point fo...Aim:To investigate whether tumor cells in a lymph node(LN)can invade from the marginal sinus into extranodal veins via vessel branches that communicate with intranodal veins and whether this can be a starting point for hematogenous metastasis at the early stage of LN metastasis.Methods:Vascular and lymphatic networks of LNs in MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mice were investigated using three-dimensional micro-computed tomography and histological methods.Flow in the blood vessel networks of LNs was investigated by fluorescence microscopy.Tumor cells were injected into the subiliac LNs of MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mice to induce metastasis to the proper axillary LNs.Tumor development in the proper axillary LN was detected using an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system.A two-dimensional image of the proper axillary LN microvasculature was reconstructed using a contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound system.Results:Extranodal veins communicated with intranodal veins via branches that penetrated the capsule,and blood flowed from intranodal veins to extranodal veins.Tumor cells that had metastasized to the marginal sinus invaded these communicating veins to develop hematogenous metastases.Conclusion:Metastatic LNs that would be considered by clinical imaging to be stage N0 can be a starting point for hematogenous metastasis.The study findings highlight the need for the development of novel techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage LN metastasis,i.e.,when standard diagnostic imaging might incorrectly classify the LN as stage N0.展开更多
Only a few cases of pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma (P-HCC) have been reported in the literature. The common sites of extrahepatic metastases in patients with HCC are the lungs, regional lymph nodes, kidney, bon...Only a few cases of pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma (P-HCC) have been reported in the literature. The common sites of extrahepatic metastases in patients with HCC are the lungs, regional lymph nodes, kidney, bone marrow and adrenals. Metastasis to spleen is mostly via hematogenous metastasis, direct metastasis to spleen was very rare. We report a case of P-HCC presenting as a left upper abdominal lesions which involved the spleen that was actually a P-HCC with splenic metastasis. This case is unique as P-HCC directly involved the spleen which is not via hematogenous metastasis.展开更多
基金The study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI[17K20077(TK)and 17H00865(TK)].
文摘Aim:To investigate whether tumor cells in a lymph node(LN)can invade from the marginal sinus into extranodal veins via vessel branches that communicate with intranodal veins and whether this can be a starting point for hematogenous metastasis at the early stage of LN metastasis.Methods:Vascular and lymphatic networks of LNs in MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mice were investigated using three-dimensional micro-computed tomography and histological methods.Flow in the blood vessel networks of LNs was investigated by fluorescence microscopy.Tumor cells were injected into the subiliac LNs of MXH10/Mo-lpr/lpr mice to induce metastasis to the proper axillary LNs.Tumor development in the proper axillary LN was detected using an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system.A two-dimensional image of the proper axillary LN microvasculature was reconstructed using a contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound system.Results:Extranodal veins communicated with intranodal veins via branches that penetrated the capsule,and blood flowed from intranodal veins to extranodal veins.Tumor cells that had metastasized to the marginal sinus invaded these communicating veins to develop hematogenous metastases.Conclusion:Metastatic LNs that would be considered by clinical imaging to be stage N0 can be a starting point for hematogenous metastasis.The study findings highlight the need for the development of novel techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage LN metastasis,i.e.,when standard diagnostic imaging might incorrectly classify the LN as stage N0.
文摘Only a few cases of pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma (P-HCC) have been reported in the literature. The common sites of extrahepatic metastases in patients with HCC are the lungs, regional lymph nodes, kidney, bone marrow and adrenals. Metastasis to spleen is mostly via hematogenous metastasis, direct metastasis to spleen was very rare. We report a case of P-HCC presenting as a left upper abdominal lesions which involved the spleen that was actually a P-HCC with splenic metastasis. This case is unique as P-HCC directly involved the spleen which is not via hematogenous metastasis.
