Observation of flow distribution pattern in the hemodialyzers is significant as it is a valuable in-dication of the performance of these modules. Therefore, in this study, a feasible non-destructive Magnetic Resonance...Observation of flow distribution pattern in the hemodialyzers is significant as it is a valuable in-dication of the performance of these modules. Therefore, in this study, a feasible non-destructive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique is proposed to characterize the flow distribution in the blood compartment of hemodialyzers using Gd-DTPA MRI contrast agent. The distribution of flow is qualitatively observed in two commercial clinical dialyzers through an in-vitro experiment. The contrast enhanced T1 weighted images are acquired along the dialyzer length using Spin Echo (SE) pulse sequence after an injection of 0.5 mmol/L Gd-DTPA solution into the blood compartment. Although relatively uniform flow distribution pattern over the spatial volume of transverse images, close the dialyzer inlet is observed, the heterogeneity of flow distribution can be identified towards the blood outlet port. Furthermore, the signal intensity profiles formed by the injected Gd-DTPA are gradually decreased towards the outlet port. These results of the study suggest that although no advanced techniques and protocols available, MRI and Gd-DTPA contrast agent can be utilized to characterize the flow distribution within a dialyzer qualitatively.展开更多
We have previously reported that the maximal inferior vena cava(IVC) diameter during quiet expiration(IVCe) measured by ultrasonography correlates well with the amount of body fluid, especially the circulating blo... We have previously reported that the maximal inferior vena cava(IVC) diameter during quiet expiration(IVCe) measured by ultrasonography correlates well with the amount of body fluid, especially the circulating blood volume[1] and proposed using the criteria of IVC diameter to determine dry weight(DW) in anuric hemodialyzed (HD) patients: standard IVCe of pre-and post-HD are (14.9±0.4) and (8.2±0.3) mm, respectively[2]. However, the same post-HD IVC criterion should not be applied to nonoliguric HD patients because it could result in rapid deterioration of residual renal function due to forced dehydration. Although the biochemical DW marker plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is useful to evaluate hypervolemia but not hypovolemia,both hyper-and hypovolemia can be detected by IVC measurement.……展开更多
The IVC diameters in HD patients
Since BW and stature as well as gender and age were not considered to be determinant factors of the IVC diameters, these factors were not accounted for in evaluating the IVC d... The IVC diameters in HD patients
Since BW and stature as well as gender and age were not considered to be determinant factors of the IVC diameters, these factors were not accounted for in evaluating the IVC diameters in HD patients. The IVC diameters of stable anuric HD patients are shown in Table 2. In agreement with our previous observation [7-9] ,the reduction of BW from (51.7±12.6) to (49.3±12.6)kg by ultrafiltration during HD resulted in a significant (P<0.0001)reduction of the IVCe and IVCi from (14.9 ± 3.2) to (6.8±1.9)mm and (5.2±4.2) to (0.1±0.3) mm,respectively. Thus,CI values before and at the end of HD were calculated as (0.68±0.24) and (0.98±0. 05), respectively (P<0.0001).
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A surface plasmon resonance （SPR） method was presented to discriminate hemodialyzed T-lymphocytes from the normal based on antibody--cell recognition. By dynamic reaction with fixed anti-human CD4 antibody, SPR coul...A surface plasmon resonance （SPR） method was presented to discriminate hemodialyzed T-lymphocytes from the normal based on antibody--cell recognition. By dynamic reaction with fixed anti-human CD4 antibody, SPR could offer significant signals to distinguish hemodialyzed patients from the healthy controls within 200 s after the cell injection in respect of either rising speed or maximum binding capacity （p 〈 0.01）. The ratio method is also used to exclude the non-specific adsorption. The percentage of hemodialyzed patients＇ CD4＋ T ceils against the healthy control is 69 ± 18%. The most attractive of the present method is its ability to detect the intact and label-free lymphocytes, and further to detect the subpopulations, or proteins secreted by the desired lymphocytes subset.展开更多
文摘Observation of flow distribution pattern in the hemodialyzers is significant as it is a valuable in-dication of the performance of these modules. Therefore, in this study, a feasible non-destructive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique is proposed to characterize the flow distribution in the blood compartment of hemodialyzers using Gd-DTPA MRI contrast agent. The distribution of flow is qualitatively observed in two commercial clinical dialyzers through an in-vitro experiment. The contrast enhanced T1 weighted images are acquired along the dialyzer length using Spin Echo (SE) pulse sequence after an injection of 0.5 mmol/L Gd-DTPA solution into the blood compartment. Although relatively uniform flow distribution pattern over the spatial volume of transverse images, close the dialyzer inlet is observed, the heterogeneity of flow distribution can be identified towards the blood outlet port. Furthermore, the signal intensity profiles formed by the injected Gd-DTPA are gradually decreased towards the outlet port. These results of the study suggest that although no advanced techniques and protocols available, MRI and Gd-DTPA contrast agent can be utilized to characterize the flow distribution within a dialyzer qualitatively.
文摘 We have previously reported that the maximal inferior vena cava(IVC) diameter during quiet expiration(IVCe) measured by ultrasonography correlates well with the amount of body fluid, especially the circulating blood volume[1] and proposed using the criteria of IVC diameter to determine dry weight(DW) in anuric hemodialyzed (HD) patients: standard IVCe of pre-and post-HD are (14.9±0.4) and (8.2±0.3) mm, respectively[2]. However, the same post-HD IVC criterion should not be applied to nonoliguric HD patients because it could result in rapid deterioration of residual renal function due to forced dehydration. Although the biochemical DW marker plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is useful to evaluate hypervolemia but not hypovolemia,both hyper-and hypovolemia can be detected by IVC measurement.……
文摘 The IVC diameters in HD patients
Since BW and stature as well as gender and age were not considered to be determinant factors of the IVC diameters, these factors were not accounted for in evaluating the IVC diameters in HD patients. The IVC diameters of stable anuric HD patients are shown in Table 2. In agreement with our previous observation [7-9] ,the reduction of BW from (51.7±12.6) to (49.3±12.6)kg by ultrafiltration during HD resulted in a significant (P<0.0001)reduction of the IVCe and IVCi from (14.9 ± 3.2) to (6.8±1.9)mm and (5.2±4.2) to (0.1±0.3) mm,respectively. Thus,CI values before and at the end of HD were calculated as (0.68±0.24) and (0.98±0. 05), respectively (P<0.0001).
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基金the financial support from NSFC(Nos.21027003 and 81001585)CAS(No.ACL201201)
文摘A surface plasmon resonance （SPR） method was presented to discriminate hemodialyzed T-lymphocytes from the normal based on antibody--cell recognition. By dynamic reaction with fixed anti-human CD4 antibody, SPR could offer significant signals to distinguish hemodialyzed patients from the healthy controls within 200 s after the cell injection in respect of either rising speed or maximum binding capacity （p 〈 0.01）. The ratio method is also used to exclude the non-specific adsorption. The percentage of hemodialyzed patients＇ CD4＋ T ceils against the healthy control is 69 ± 18%. The most attractive of the present method is its ability to detect the intact and label-free lymphocytes, and further to detect the subpopulations, or proteins secreted by the desired lymphocytes subset.
