Study on Biologic Activity for Membrane of Normal Bone Marrow Cells with Infection of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

Using DPH fluorescence probe, the membrane of normal bone marrow cells with infection of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus (EHFV) was labeled. The membrane lipid fluidity was obviously decreased from the membrane lipid fluorescence polarization. The membrane lipid fluidity of lympho- cyte, monocyte and neutrophilic granulocyte was dynamically observed. After culturing the cells for 1, 6, 24 and 72 h, it was found that all the membrane lipid fluidity of the infected cells was de- creased obviously with the longer the culturing time, the more obvious it. Compared with the normal control groups, there was a significant difference statistically (P<0. 05-0. 01). It was suggested that the decrease of the membrane lipid fluidity of normal bone marrow cell with infection of EHFV had correlation with the degree of virus invading and cellfunction injury.

Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever in Hubei Frovince,The Peoples Repulic of China: A Clinical and Serological Study

Between July 1975 and April 1980, 71 patients were admitted to the 2ndAttached Hospital of Hubei Provincial Medical College in Wuchang withthe diagnosis of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF). The clinical courseamong these patients was similar to that described for patients with KoreanHemorrhagic Fever, Nephropathica Epidemica of Scandanavia and Hemor-rhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome of the U.S.S.R. The overall mortalitywas 11.2％. Sera obtaincd from some of these patients as well as frompatients admitted to the First Attached Hospital of Hubei Provincial Me-dical College were tested against an antigen associated with Korean He-morrhagic Fever and showed exceedingly high antibody titers. We concludethat EHF in Centfal China represents the same disease process as KoreanHemorrhagic Fever.

Acute Hemorrhagic Fever: Clinical, Epidemiological and Laboratory Aspects in São Toméand Príncipe

Background: In the last 6 months, cases of acute hemorrhagic fever (AHF) have been recorded in Sao Tome and Principe (STP). Objective: To identify the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory parameters associated with AHF cases found in patients hospitalized in STP. Methods: Descriptive and quantitative analysis of AHF cases hospitalized in STP in the period December 2021 to May 19, 2022 through the variables: demographic data;clinical data;laboratory data and clinical outcome. Results: Analyzed 18 of 22 AHF cases, 50% of them male, mean age 33.7 years, 85.7% residing in the 2 largest districts of the country, 66.7% rural workers, administrative near maritime areas, sailors and domestics. 66.7% were healthy individuals. ≥50% had a fever, asthenia/weakness, myalgia, headache, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 22.2% to 33.3% had retro-orbital pain, abdominal pain, decreased consciousness, dyspnea/hypoxia, and cough. In a smaller register (5.6% - 11.1%), exanthema, convulsion, arthralgia, low back pain, chills, and chest pain. Bleeding from the digestive tract was found in 72.2%, followed by vaginal (33.3%), urethral (27.8%), nasal (22.2%), and oral (16.7%). 50% had laboratory confirmation for dengue, and another 50% with suspected clinical diagnosis without laboratory confirmation of the etiologic agent. Despite hemorrhage, 66.7% of confirmed cases were hemodynamically non-severe, and 88.9% of suspected cases were severe. Coinfection with malaria is evidenced in 11.1% of cases. 72.2% recovered and 27.8% died (deaths in 55.5% of suspected cases). Case deaths were male (100%), resident foreigners (40%), tool store employees, sailors and students, healthy (80%), and residing in the largest district in the country (60%). All deaths were hospitalized in serious condition, 80% were hospitalized for hemorrhage and shock, with bleeding arising between day 4 - 5 of illness in 60% and hospitalization on day 5 of illness. 60% died within ≤24 hours of hospitalization. 80% died from shock and multi-organ dysfunction and 20% from respiratory failure. Deaths had thrombocytopenia (100%), renal dysfunction (100%) and significantly increased transaminases (100%), anemia (75%) and leukocytosis (66.7%). 20% had a radiological change of pulmonary infiltrates. Conclusion: Our data reveal the complexity of the pathogens causing AHF and suggest the possible presence of other human pathogens usually unknown in the Santomean geographical territory.

Lipofuscin in brains of patients and mice with epidemic hemorrhagic fever

We have previously shown that the lipofuscin in the brain seems to have in-creased in amount in autopsy cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever.The purpose of thisstudy was to testify if there is really such an increase.Lipfuscin in 10 sections from everybrain of 10 autopsy cases,stained with Sudan Ⅳ,Sudan black and H.E.,was carefully es-timated and found to be greatly increased as compared with the controls of the same agewithout brain disease.Animal experiment was also conducted on 15 sucking BALB/c miceby I.P.inoculation of 100 LD50（0.05ml）of strain Chen of hemorrhagic fever virus,andon 15 mice without inoculation as controls.No lipofuscin was detected in the controls.However,in the brains of experimental mice,lipofuscin was found to be markedly in-creased,especially in the necrotic cells.The findings suggest that the over-productionand deposition of lipofuscin may be a mild change caused by the virus and its related fac-tors,which might be enhanced by hypotension and shock.

Abnormalities of Cellular Immunoregulation in Patients with Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever

In this report,a comparative study is made of the function test of spontaneousT suppressor cell（STs）and T Lymphocyte subsets in patients with epidemic hemorrha-gic fever（EHF）.It was found that in the early stages of the disease the activity of STs wasmarkedly lower than that of the controls,while the percentage of CD?+ cells increasedsignificantly,which led to the decrease and reciprocation of CD4/CD8 ratio,and that theactivity of STs was reversely related to the proportion of CD8+ cells on linear regressionanalysis,indicating that the CD8+ cells increased may mainly belong to cytotoxic T cells.It was also shown that the changes of STs function and CD4/CD8 ratio were related tothe abnormalities of serum C3 content and circulating immune complex.The results sug-gest that the disturbance of host cellular immunoregulation may play an important rolein the pathogenesis of EHF.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Overview

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral infection that is a serious threat to humans. The disease is widely distributed in Africa, Asia, and Europe and has developed into a serious public health concern. Humans become infected through the bites of ticks, by contact with a patient with CCHF, or by contact with blood or tissues from viremic livestock. Microvascular instability and impaired hemostasis are the hallmarks of the infection. Infection in human begins with nonspecific febrile symptoms, but may progress to a serious hemorrhagic syndrome with high mortality rates. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the most used and specific tests for the diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment is supportive. Although definitive studies are not available, ribavirin is suggested to be effective especially at the earlier phase of the infection. Uses of universal protective measures are the best way to avoid the infection. In this review, all aspects of CCHF are overviewed in light of the current literature.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever from the immunopathogenesis, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic perspective: A scoping review

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV) is responsible for widespread tick-borne zoonotic viral disease CCHF in African, Middle Eastern, Asian, and European countries. CCHFV can be spread to humans through tick bites or contact with infected animals or humans, and it often progresses from asymptomatic to severe/lethal illness, with fatality rates ranging from 10% to 40% in humans. Today, CCHF is growing into a significant public health concern due to its very high prevalence, severity of the condition, and lack of available vaccines and specific treatments. Recent research has been drawn towards a more accurate study of CCHFV characteristics, including the structure, genetic diversity, mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis, and clinical features. In addition, the use of animal models(mouse and non-human primates) and advanced diagnostic tools in recent years has resulted in a significant advance in CCHF related studies. In this context, we summarized the latest findings about CCHF research, its health complications, animal models, current diagnosis, vaccination, and CCHF treatments, and therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we discussed existing deficiencies and problems in CCHFV analysis, as well as areas that still need to yield conclusive answers.

Sequencing, Expression and Diagnostic Application of the Nucleoprotein Gene of Xinjiang Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

In order to analyze the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), viral RNA was amplified by RT-PCR by using the proof-reading DNA polymerase to produce the complete NP gene. The PCR product was sequenced, analyzed for phylogenesis and cloned into the expression vector pET32a and the recombinant plasmid expressed in E.coli BL-21 with high yield. The primarily purified fused protein was used to coat ELISA plates for the detect antibodies. It was found the similarities between NP gene of BA88166 and other XHFVs in nucleotide level and amino acid contents were very significant, and the NP gene of BA88166 encoded a nucleoprotein with 482 amino acid and a deduced molecular weight (MW) of 54?kDa. Western blot assay showed that the fusion protein expressed in bacteria possessed good antigenicity. The results with ELISA for the detection of the human and animal sera collected in endemic areas were found to be in good accordance to the clinical diagnosis. It concluded that the relations of NP genes of XHFV BA88166 and other XHFVs appeared to be evolutionally close. The methodologies established in this study were accurate, specific, rapid and reproducible for the clinical examinations and epidemiological survey.

STUDIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT STRUCTURE OF NATURAL NIDI AND EPIDEMIC AREAS OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN CHINA

The environment structure of natural nidi and epidemic areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) possesses characteristics of topography, hydrology, climate, soil, vegetation, and animals. The natural nidi and epidemic areas of HFRS are distributed mainly in plain and hilly regions under 500 meters above the sea level; in plentiful-water zones and transitional zones; in temperate zone and subtropical zone of the eastern monsoon region; in the abundant-aluminum soil region and the sial soil region; in the eastern China damp forest region (agricultural districts and northeast forest districts); in the eastern Asia dampness-prefering animal geographic region. Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus are the thriving animal population, predominant species or common species as well as the main reservoir hosts and sources of infection in the natural nidi and epidemic areas of HFRS.

Application of Conglutinin-ELISA for the detection of Circulating Immune Complexes in Sera of Patients with Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever.

Conglutinin was extracted and purified from bovine’s sera and was used in ELISA for the detection of circulating immune complexes in the sera of patients suffering from epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF). The detected rates of circu-

Pathological changes and viral antigen distribution in the lymphatic tissue of Patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever

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Epidemic Characteristics and Spatio-Temporal Patterns of HFRS in Qingdao City,China,2010-2022

Objective This study investigated the epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Qingdao City,China.Methods Information was collected on HFRS cases in Qingdao City from 2010 to 2022.Descriptive epidemiologic,seasonal decomposition,spatial autocorrelation,and spatio-temporal cluster analyses were performed.Results A total of 2,220 patients with HFRS were reported over the study period,with an average annual incidence of 1.89/100,000 and a case fatality rate of 2.52%.The male:female ratio was 2.8:1.75.3%of patients were aged between 16 and 60 years old,75.3%of patients were farmers,and 11.6%had both“three red”and“three pain”symptoms.The HFRS epidemic showed two-peak seasonality:the primary fall-winter peak and the minor spring peak.The HFRS epidemic presented highly spatially heterogeneous,street/township-level hot spots that were mostly distributed in Huangdao,Pingdu,and Jiaozhou.The spatio-temporal cluster analysis revealed three cluster areas in Qingdao City that were located in the south of Huangdao District during the fall-winter peak.Conclusion The distribution of HFRS in Qingdao exhibited periodic,seasonal,and regional characteristics,with high spatial clustering heterogeneity.The typical symptoms of“three red”and“three pain”in patients with HFRS were not obvious.

Lassa hemorrhagic fever model using new generalized Caputo-type fractional derivative operator

In some of the previous decades, we have observed that mathematical modeling hasbecome one of the most interesting research fields and has attracted many researchers.In this regard, thousands of researchers have proposed different varieties of mathematicalmodels to study the dynamics of a number of real-world problems. This research workis framed to analyzing the structure of the well-known Lassa hemorrhagic epidemic;adangerous epidemic for pregnant women, via new generalized Caputo type nonintegerorder derivative with the help of a modified Predictor–Corrector scheme. Lassa hemorrhagic disease is an epidemical and biocidal fever, whose negative impacts were initiallyrecognized in the countries of Africa. This virus has killed many pregnant women ascompared to the Ebola epidemic. It was noticed that Lassa virus was isolated in Verocell cultures from a blood pattern, and after 12 days it was ejective, after the climb ofthe sickness. In this research study, necessary theorems and lemmas are reminded toprove the existence of a unique solution and stability of given fractional approximationscheme. All necessary results are reminded to confirm the effectiveness of the proposedapproximation algorithm by graphical observations for various fractional-order values.In our practical calculations, we plotted the graphs for two different values of naturaldeath rate along with various values of given fractional-order operator. Our major target is to show the importance of the proposed modified version of the Predictor–Correctoralgorithm in epidemic studies by exploring the given Lassa hemorrhagic fever dynamics.

采用自配碳酸氢盐置换液行CRRT治疗流行性出血热合并急性肾功能衰竭1例回顾性分析

目的总结1例流行性出血热(EHF)合并急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)患者采用自配碳酸氢盐置换液行连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)的经验,以期为同类病例的治疗提供参考。方法对2021年4月兰州大学第一医院东岗院区综合内科收治的1例EHF合并ARF患者行内科综合治疗,同时采用自配碳酸氢盐置换液行CRRT,依据动态监测血气分析、电解质、肾功能及凝血指标水平调整自配置换液配方及抗凝剂剂量。结果患者住院治疗14 d出院,出院后30 d复查随访,各项指标均恢复正常。结论在内科综合治疗的同时及时采用自配碳酸氢盐置换液行CRRT是治疗EHF合并ARF的有效方法。

流行性出血热中医病因病机及诊治要点分析

流行性出血热是由汉坦病毒引起的一种传染病,属中医“疫病”范畴。中医防治流行性出血热疫情疗效明显,但各家寒温迥异的辨治方法亦为后世辨治疫病带来困惑。通过总结资料,从“分类-分期-分证”视角对流行性出血热“因机证治”进行重新审视。从“分类”的角度将其归属于“寒疫”范畴,从“分期”的角度将其分为“热毒-厥脱-肾损-正虚”四个阶段。每个阶段又分多个证型:“热毒”阶段,以寒戾嗜营、热毒损络为核心病机,主要证型有太阳经证、太阳腑证、邪郁少阳证、阳明热盛证、气营两燔证。“厥脱”阶段,以热厥气脱为核心病机,主要证型有热厥气脱证、元气外脱证。“肾损”阶段,以疫毒伤肾为核心病机,分为少尿期和多尿期,少尿期以毒损肾络为要,主要证型有膀胱蓄血证、水热互结证、结胸证、湿阻三焦证等;多尿期以肾虚失摄为要,主要证型有肾虚不固证、余邪未尽证。“正虚”阶段,以气血阴阳的亏虚为核心病机,主要证型有脾肾阳虚和肝肾阴虚等。治疗流行性出血热:热毒期,到气即可凉营;厥脱期,见厥即要固脱;肾损期,少尿务必通腑,多尿补肾缩泉。

儿童肾综合征出血热临床特征及重症危险因素分析

目的了解儿童肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的临床特征并分析重症危险因素,以积累儿童HFRS的诊断和治疗经验。方法选取2019年1月至2021年12月该院感染科收治的150例确诊HFRS患儿临床病历资料进行回顾性分析,分析其流行病学特点、临床表现、实验室检查结果、诊疗转归等,HFRS临床表现分为4型:轻型、中型、重型、危重型。将轻、中型作为轻症HFRS组(101例);重、危重型作为重症HFRS组(49例)。比较分析重症HFRS组与轻症HFRS组临床表现、实验室检查指标水平差异。结果150例患儿发病月份以11、12月为发病高峰,居住地以农村为主(89.33%),地区分布以西安市最多(80.00%)。150例HFRS患儿中男110例,女40例,性别比为2.75∶1.00,占比最高的年龄段为>6~12岁(56.67%)。重症HFRS组住院天数、热程及颜面、咽和颈胸部皮肤黏膜充血潮红(三红)症状、皮肤瘀斑发生率均高于轻症HFRS组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);重症HFRS组白细胞计数、降钙素原、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、尿素氮、肌酐、肌酸激酶同工酶水平,以及尿蛋白和尿红细胞阳性比例均高于轻症HFRS组,血小板计数、清蛋白、血钠、血钾水平均低于轻症HFRS组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,清蛋白水平降低、肌酸激酶同工酶水平升高是发生重症HFRS的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果显示,清蛋白、肌酸激酶同工酶最佳截断值为30.5 g/L、31.5 U/L时,诊断重症HFRS的曲线下面积分别为0.882、0.767。150例HFRS患儿中,有20例患儿行血液透析治疗,8例患儿给予有创呼吸机辅助通气治疗,所有患儿均治愈出院。结论HFRS临床表现不典型,容易漏诊、误诊,临床医生应该提高警惕;清蛋白水平降低、肌酸激酶同工酶水平升高是发生重症HFRS的危险因素。

发热伴血小板减少综合征与肾综合征出血热的临床特征分析

目的通过比较发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,SFTS)和肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)患者在流行病学、临床表现和实验室指标等方面的参数差异,提高对2种疾病的临床认识,减少误诊率。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年12月期间,烟台市奇山医院和青岛市第六人民医院收治的219例SFTS患者(SFTS组)和201例HFRS患者(HFRS组)的病历资料,使用独立样本t检验、方差分析、χ^(2)检验等比较2组间流行病学、临床表现、实验室指标等参数的差异,建立鉴别诊断的随机森林模型。结果SFTS与HFRS患者存在差异的参数有年龄、性别、发病季节、接触史、预后、病情程度;结膜出血、皮肤瘀点瘀斑、腰痛、眼眶痛、少尿、神经系统症状、肾区叩击痛等临床表现;白细胞计数、凝血酶原时间、天冬氨酸转氨酶、肌酐、尿素氮、肌酸激酶、蛋白尿等化验指标。随机森林模型筛选出重要性排名前5位的参数为白细胞计数分层、C-反应蛋白、疾病分型、肌酐、粘膜出血。结论本研究中SFTS患者较HFRS患者更易出现心肌、肝脏、中枢神经系统损伤,而HFRS患者较SFTS患者更易表现肾脏损伤,从而呈现相应症状和实验室指标的差异。

基于知信行模式的护理在流行性出血热患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨基于知信行模式的护理在流行性出血热患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2019年4月至2022年4月该院收治的98例流行性出血热患者的临床资料,根据护理方法不同将其分为对照组和观察组各49例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施基于知信行模式的护理。比较两组护理前后疾病认知情况、负性情绪[汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)]评分、症状缓解时间、住院时间及护理满意度。结果:护理后,观察组疾病认知量表中发病原因、临床表现、个人防护和注意事项等维度评分均高于对照组,HAMA、HAMD评分均低于对照组,尿蛋白转阴时间、退热时间、血小板恢复正常时间、血压恢复正常时间及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理满意度为95.92%(47/49),高于对照组的83.67%(41/49),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于知信行模式的护理用于流行性出血热患者可提高其对疾病认知,缓解不良情绪,缩短症状缓解时间和住院时间,提高患者护理满意度。

2004-2007年福建省流行性出血热流行特征分析

目的了解近年来福建省流行性出血热的流行特征,判断疾病发展的态势,为防治疾病提出建议和对策。方法疫情资料主要来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统2004-2007年流行性出血热个案卡的信息和1980-2004年年度疫情汇编。结果2004-2007年福建省流行性出血热年平均发病率为0.39/10万,病死率为2.36%,近年疫情有所回升,发病集中在秋冬季节(11-1月)和春夏季节(4-6月),男性发病率高于女性,在总发病和死亡人数中农民均占了一半以上。年龄别发病率高的主要为30～59岁组,最高的为40～49岁组,年龄别病死率以60岁以上最高。结论福建省流行性出血热疫情近年有重新抬头的趋势,应加强对高发地区和发病率上升较快地区的高危人群的监测。

流行性出血热病毒L99株(家鼠型)与国内外其它毒株抗原性的比较

流行性出血热家鼠型（Ⅱ型）病毒L99株分别在小白鼠脑腔和金黄地鼠肾细胞传代适应，再初步纯化，所选出的毒株具有广谱抗原性和较高的毒力滴度。应用鼠脑或细胞毒种感染金黄地鼠肾细胞制成灭活疫苗免疫动物，检测血清中和抗体反应及对野鼠型（Ⅰ型）和家鼠型（Ⅱ型）强毒攻击的保护力，均证明L99疫苗有双向的免疫效果。L99活毒免疫动物血清与不同来源的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型病毒交叉中和反应亦证明L99株对两型病毒有明显的交叉反应，表明L99株病毒对两型病毒具有双向抗原性。