Galectin-14 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth via enhancing heparan sulfate proteoglycan modification

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly heterogeneous malignancy and lacks effective treatment.Bulk-sequencing of different gene transcripts by comparing HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues provides some clues for investigating the mechanisms or identifying potential targets for tumor progression.However,genes that are exclusively expressed in a subpopulation of HCC may not be enriched or detected through such a screening.In the current study,we performed a single cell-clone-based screening and identified galectin-14 as an essential molecule in the regulation of tumor growth.The aberrant expression of galectin-14 was significantly associated with a poor overall survival of liver cancer patients with database analysis.Knocking down galectin-14 inhibited the proliferation of tumor growth,whereas overexpressing galectin-14 promoted tumor growth in vivo.Non-targeted metabolomics analysis indicated that knocking down galectin-14 decreased glycometabolism;specifically that glycoside synthesis was significantly changed.Further study found that galectin-14 promoted the expression of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans(HSPGs)that functioned as co-receptors,thereby increasing the responsiveness of HCC cells to growth factors,such as epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha.In conclusion,the current study identifies a novel HCC-specific molecule galectin-14,which increases the expression of cell surface HSPGs and the uptake of growth factors to promote HCC cell proliferation.

Role of duck plague virus glycoprotein C in viral adsorption:Absence of specific interactions with cell surface heparan sulfate

Many mammalian herpes viruses utilize heparan sulfate （HS） moieties present on cell surface proteoglycans as receptors for cell entry, and this process also requires viral glycoprotein C （gC） homologues. However, our understanding of the role of gC in facilitating attachment of other alpha-herpes viruses such as the duck plague virus （DPV） remains preliminary. To study the role of gC during DPV infection, we used a gC-deleted mutant virus （DPV-AgC-EGFP）. Examination of the viral copy number by real-time PCR, as well as time course studies of viral adsorption and proliferation revealed that gC was involved in the viral binding to the cell surface. The affinity of viral glycoproteins （gB-DPV, gC-DPV, and gE-DPV） to HS was assessed using a prokaryotic expression system and HJTrapTM HeparJn HP column chromatography. In addition, to confirm that gC played a role in the interaction between DPV and HS, viruses were treated with the HS analogue heparin and host cells were treated with its inhibitors heparinase prior to exposure to DPV-△gC-EGFP or wild-type strain Chinese virulent duck plague virus （DPV-CHv）. The effects of heparin and heparinase on virus infectivity demonstrated that function of gC on Viral adsorption is independent of interactions between gC and heparin sulfate on cell surface. All in all, this study demonstrated that the gC of DPV can mediate viral adsorption in an HS-independent manner, which distinguish it from the gC of some other alpha-herpes viruses. Future studies will be required to identify the receptors involved in gC protein binding to cells. This work provides us a foundation for further studies of examining the roles of gC in the adsorption during duck plague virus infection.

Surface plasmon resonance analysis to evaluate the importance of heparin sulfate groups＇ binding with human aFGF and bFGF

Human acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF) are classic and well characterized members of the heparin binding growth factor family. Heparin is generally thought to play an extremely important role in regulating aFGF and bFGF bioactivities through its strong binding with them. In order to unravel the mechanism of the interactions between heparin and FGFs, and evaluate the importance of heparin sulfate groups' binding with FGFs, surface plasmon resonance analyses were performed using IAsys Cuvettes System. Heparin and its regioselectively desulfated derivatives were immobilized on the cuvettes. aFGF and bFGF solutions with different concentrations were pipetted into the cuvettes and the progress of the interaction was monitored in real\|time by Windows based software, yielding kinetic and equilibrium constants for these interactions. In addition, in order to reduce the delicate difference among the cuvettes, inhibition analyses of mixture of FGFs and immobilized native heparin by modified heparins were also done. The data from these two methods were similar, indicating that all sulfate groups at 2 O, 6 O and N in heparin were required for the binding to aFGF; and that their contribution to the binding was in the order 2 O, N and 6 O sulfate group. In contrast, definite contribution of the 6 O sulfate group to the binding with bFGF was most apparent, while the other two sulfate groups appeared to be necessary in the order 2 O and N sulfate group. These methods established here can be used for analysing the effect of sulfate groups in heparin on the binding with other human FGF members or other heparin binding proteins.

Polyguluronate Sulfate,Polymannuronate Sulfate,and Their Oligosaccharides Have AntithrombinⅢ-and Heparin CofactorⅡ-independent Anticoagulant Activity

Cardiovascular disease is the leading causes of death.However,the complications can be treated with heparin and heparinoids,such as heparin pentasaccharide Fondaparinux,dermatan sulfate,and PSS made from alginate extracted from brown seaweeds by chemical sulfation.Alginate is composed of a linear backbone of polymannuronate(PM),polyguluronate(PG),and alternate residues of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid.It is unknown if heparin and sulfated PG(PGS)/PM(PMS) have the same or different anticoagulant molecular targets.In the current study,the anticoagulant activities of PGS,PMS,and their oligosaccharides were directly compared to that of heparin,Fondaparinux,and dermatan sulfate by the activated partial thrombinplastin time(aP TT) assay using normal,antithrombin III(ATIII)-deficient,heparin co-factor II(HCII)-deficient,and ATIII-and HCII-double deficient human plasmas.Our results showed that PGS,PMS,and their oligosaccharides had better anticoagulant activity than that of Fondaparinux in all four human plasmas tested.As expected,heparin was the best anticoagulant in normal plasma.Moreover,PGS,PGS6,PGS12,PGS25,PMS6,PMS12,and PMS25 were better anticoagulants than dermatan sulfate in HCII-deficient plasma.Most strikingly,PGS,PGS12,PGS25,PMS6,PMS12,and PMS25 were better anticoagulants than that of heparin in ATIII-and HCII-double deficient human plasma.The results revealed for the first time that sulfated alginate had ATIII-and HCII-independent anticoagulant activities.Therefore,developing PGS and PMS-based anticoagulants might require to discover their major molecular targets and to develop target-specific anticoagulant assays.

Polyguluronate Sulfate and Its Oligosaccharides but not Heparin Promotes FGF19/FGFR1c Signaling

Fibroblast growth factor 19(FGF19) functions as a hormone by affecting glucose metabolism. FGF19 improves glucose tolerance when overexpressed in mice with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. A functional cellular FGF19 receptor consists of FGF receptor(FGFR) and glycosaminoglycan complexed with either α Klotho or β Klotho. Interestingly, in mice with diet-induced diabetes, a single injection of FGF1 is enough to restore blood sugar levels to a healthy range. FGF1 binds heparin with high affinity whereas FGF19 does not, indicating that polysaccharides other than heparin might enhance FGF19/FGFR signaling. Using a FGFs/FGFR1 c signaling-dependent Ba F3 cell proliferation assay, we discovered that polyguluronate sulfate(PGS) and its oligosaccharides, PGS12 and PGS25, but not polyguluronate(PG), a natural marine polysaccharide, enhanced FGF19/FGFR1 c signaling better than that of heparin based on ~3H-thymidine incorporation. Interestingly, PGS6, PGS8, PGS10, PGS12, PGS25, and PGS, but not PG, had comparable FGF1/FGFR1 c signal-stimulating activity compared to that of heparin. These results indicated that PGS and its oligosaccharides were excellent FGF1/FGFR1 c and FGF19/FGFR1 c signaling enhancers at cellular level. Since the inexpensive PGS and PGS oligosaccharides can be absorbed through oral route, these seaweed-derived compounds merit further investigation as novel agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes through enhancing FGF1/FGFR1 c and FGF19/FGFR1 c signaling in future.

Collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells improve neurological function in a rat model of traumatic brain injury

One reason for the poor therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation in traumatic brain injury is that exogenous neural stem cells cannot effectively migrate to the local injury site,resulting in poor adhesion and proliferation of neural stem cells at the injured area.To enhance the targeted delivery of exogenous stem cells to the injury site,cell therapy combined with neural tissue engineering technology is expected to become a new strategy for treating traumatic brain injury.Collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds,prepared using a freeze-drying method,have stable physical and chemical properties.These scaffolds also have good cell biocompatibility because of their high porosity,which is suitable for the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells.In the present study,collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells were used to treat a rat model of traumatic brain injury,which was established using the controlled cortical impact method.At 2 months after the implantation of collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells,there was significantly improved regeneration of neurons,nerve fibers,synapses,and myelin sheaths in the injured brain tissue.Furthermore,brain edema and cell apoptosis were significantly reduced,and rat motor and cognitive functions were markedly recovered.These findings suggest that the novel collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffold loaded with neural stem cells can improve neurological function in a rat model of traumatic brain injury.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force,China(approval No.2017-0007.2)on February 10,2019.

The Importance of Heparan Sulfate in Herpesvirus Infection

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is one of many pathogens that use the cell surface glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate as a receptor. Heparan sulfate is highly expressed on the surface and extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types making it an ideal receptor. Heparan sulfate interacts with HSV-1 envelope glycoproteins gB and gC during the initial attachment step during HSV-1 entry. In addition,a modified form of heparan sulfate,known as 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate,interacts with HSV-1 gD to induce fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membrane. The 3-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate is a rare modification which occurs during the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate that is carried out by a family of enzymes known as 3-O-sulfotransferases. Due to its involvement in multiple steps of the infection process,heparan sulfate has been a prime target for the development of agents to inhibit HSV entry. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during HSV-1 infection may not only be critical for inhibiting infection by this virus,but it may also be crucial in the fight against many other pathogens as well.

Biocompatibility of a collagen-heparin sulfate scaffold implanted into porcine brain

BACKGROUND： Collagen-heparin sulfate scaffolds have been widely used to repair nerve injury and promote nerve regeneration. Previous research has evaluated scaffold biocompatibility by measuring gliocyte proliferation but not neuronal apoptosis. OBJECTIVE： To explore the biocompatibility of collagen-heparin sulfate scaffold in porcine brain by detecting peripheral neural apoptosis and protein expression. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Neurology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, between March and June, 2008. MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-human Bax, Caspase-3 polyclonal antibody, rat anti-human Bcl-2 polyclonal antibody, streptavidin biotin-peroxidase complex （SABC） immunohistochemical kit, and TUNEL kit （Roche, USA） were used in this study. METHODS： Twenty adult piglets were randomly evenly divided into implantation and control groups A collagen-heparin sulfate scaffold was implanted from the anterior fontanelle into the brain in the implantation group. The same puncture but no scaffold implantation was made in the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL; Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 expressions were measured using the SABC method. RESULTS： At days 1,3, 7, and 14 after scaffold implantation, a few apoptotic cells were observed in the brain tissues near the puncture site, with more apoptotic cells in the implantation group （P 〈 0.05）. However, both groups showed similar apoptosis levels by day 30 after implantation. Implantation increased Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 expressions on days 3 and 7 after implantation （P 〈 0.05） but decreased the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax in the implantation group was significantly lower on days 3 and 7 （P 〈 0.05）, with no significant difference by day 30 after implantation （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The collagen-heparin sulfate scaffold has good biocompatibility to porcine brain tissues.

How does Cellular Heparan Sulfate Function in Viral Pathogenicity?

Heparan sulfate （HS） is ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types, making it an ideal receptor for viral infection. Compared with wild‐type viruses, cell culture‐adapted laboratory strains exhibit more efficient binding to cellular HS receptors. HS‐binding viruses are typically cleared faster from the circulation and cause lower viremia than their non‐HS‐binding counterparts, suggesting that the HS‐binding phenotype is a tissue culture adaptation that lowers virus fitness in vivo. However, when inoculated intracranially, efficient cell attachment through HS binding can contribute to viral neurovirulence. The primary aim of this review is to discuss the roles of HS binding in viral pathogenicity, including peripheral virulence and neurovirulence. Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during virus infection in vivo may prove critical for elucidating the molecular mechanism of viral pathogenesis, and may contribute to the development of therapeutics targeting HS.

Effects of Ligustrazine on Expression of Bone Marrow Heparan Sulfates in Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation Mice

To explore the effects of ligustrazine on bone marrow heparan sulfates (HS) expression in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) mice, the syngeneic BMT mice were orally given 2 mg ligustrazine twice a day. On the 7th, 10th, 14th, 18th day after BMT, peripheral blood cells and bone marrow nuclear cells (BMNC) were counted, and the expression levels of HS in bone marrow and on the stromal cell surfaces were detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry assay respectively. In ligustrazine-treated group, the white blood cells (WBC) and BMNC on the 7th, 10th, 14th, 18th day and platelets (PLT) on the 7th, 10th day were all significantly more than those in control group (P<0.05). The bone marrow HS expression levels in ligustrazine-treated group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05) on the 7th, 10th, 14th, 18th day. However, the HS expression levels on the stromal cell surfaces showed no significant difference between the two groups on the 18th day (P>0.05). It was concluded that ligustrazine could up-regulate HS expression in bone marrow, which might be one of the mechanisms contributing to ligustrazine promoting hematopoietic reconstitution after BMT.

Effects of Platelet Factor 4 on Expression of Bone Marrow Heparan Sulfate in Syngenic Bone Marrow Transplantation Mice

To explore the effects of platelet factor 4(PF4) on hematopoietic reconstitution and its mechanism in syngenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The syngenic B MT mice models were established. 20 and 26 h before irradiation, the mice were injected 20 μg/kg PF4 or PBS twice into abdominal cavity, then the donor bone marrow nuclear cells (BMNC) were transplanted. On the 7th day, spleen clone forming units (CFU S) were counted. On the 7th, 14th and 21st day after BMT, the BMNC and megakaryoryocytes in bone marrow tissue were counted and the percentage of hematopoietic tissue and expression level of heparan sulfate in bone marrow tissue were assessed. In PF4 treated groups, the CFU S counts on the 7th day were higher than those in BMT groups after BMT. The BMNC and megakaryoryocyte counts and the percentage of hematopoietic tissue and heparan sulfate expression level were higher than those in BMT group on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after BMT ( P <0.01 or P <0.05). PF4 could accelerate hematopoietic reconstitution of syngenic bone marrow transplantation. The promotion of the heparan sulfate expression in bone marrow may be one of mechanisms of PF4.

Inhibition of BACE1, the β-secretase implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, by a chondroitin sulfate extract from Sardina pilchardus

The pharmaceutical and anticoagulant agent heparin,a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates,has previously been identified as a potent inhibitor of a key Alzheimer’s disease drug target,the primary neuronalβ-secretase,β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1).The anticoagulant activity of heparin has,however,precluded the repurposing of this widely used pharmaceutical as an Alzheimer’s disease therapeutic.Here,a glycosaminoglycan extract,composed predominantly of 4-sulfated chondroitin sulfate,has been isolated from Sardina pilchardus,which possess the ability to inhibit BACE1(IC50[half maximal inhibitory concentration]=4.8μg/mL),while displaying highly attenuated anticoagulant activities(activated partial thromboplastin time EC50[median effective concentration]=403.8μg/mL,prothrombin time EC50=1.3 mg/mL).The marine-derived,chondroitin sulfate extract destabilizes BACE1,determined via differential scanning fluorimetry(ΔTm–5°C),to a similar extent as heparin,suggesting that BACE1 inhibition by glycosaminoglycans may occur through a common mode of action,which may assist in the screening of glycan-based BACE1 inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease.

基于磁性纳米材料Fe_(3)O_(4)@PPy和聚集诱导发光材料(TTAPE)检测肝素药品中的多硫酸软骨素残留

合成了一种聚吡咯修饰的磁性纳米颗粒(Fe_(3)O_(4)@PPy),通过结合AIE荧光探针四苯基乙烯衍生物(TTAPE)建立了一种检测肝素药品中多硫酸软骨素的检测方法。肝素和多硫酸软骨素与TTAPE结合导致运动受限,进而释放荧光,而Fe_(3)O_(4)@PPy加入后可以猝灭其荧光。研究了肝素和多硫酸软骨素与TTAPE结合后荧光增强规律和Fe_(3)O_(4)@PPy对它们的荧光猝灭规律,建立了不同的猝灭曲线,进而同时检测肝素和多硫酸软骨素。实验确定了肝素和多硫酸软骨素的最佳荧光检测波长为482 nm,Fe_(3)O_(4)@PPy的使用量为5 mg,检测浓度的线性范围为0~3.5 mg/L,肝素浓度的相对偏差在0.5%以下。肝素实际样品中多硫酸软骨素的回收率为90%和96.67%,相对标准偏差为4.4%和4.1%。

乙酰肝素酶、硫酸乙酰肝素和多配体蛋白聚糖-1在肺癌患者血清中的表达及诊断价值

目的探讨多配体蛋白聚糖-1(SDC-1)、硫酸乙酰肝素(HS)以及乙酰肝素酶(HPA)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)及小细胞肺癌(SCLC)患者血清中的水平及其对诊断及预后的预测价值。方法收集10例健康对照组及76例肺癌患者的血清标本,通过ELISA方法检测血清中HS、SDC-1、HPA表达水平。采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行组间比较。结果肺癌患者血清HS、SDC-1及HPA含量均高于健康对照组(P<0.05);HS、HPA单因素用于诊断肺癌时的AUC分别为0.819和0.930,HS、SDC-1、HPA三者联合诊断肺癌时AUC为0.974。结论HS、SDC-1、HPA三者联合检测对肺癌的诊断及预后具有较好的预测价值。

Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅢB:a current review and exploration of the AAV therapy landscape

Mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes for N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase.This results in the aggregation of heparan sulfate polysaccharides within cell lysosomes that leads to progressive and severe debilitating neurological dysfunction.Current treatment options are expensive,limited,and presently there are no approved cures for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB.Adeno-associated virus gene therapy has significantly advanced the field forward,allowing researchers to successfully design,enhance,and improve potential cures.Our group recently published an effective treatment using a codon-optimized triple mutant adeno-associated virus 8 vector that restores N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase levels,auditory function,and lifespan in the murine model for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB to that seen in healthy mice.Here,we review the current state of the field in relation to the capsid landscape,adeno-associated virus gene therapy and its successes and challenges in the clinic,and how novel adenoassociated virus capsid designs have evolved research in the mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB field.

离子色谱法同时测定低分子量肝素钠注射液中的有机酸和无机阴离子

目的建立同时测定低分子量肝素钠注射液中醋酸根离子、氯离子、亚硫酸根离子、硫酸根离子和草酸根离子含量的离子色谱法。方法色谱柱为Dionex IonPac AS11(250 mm×4 mm),保护柱为Dionex IonPac AG11(50 mm×4 mm),用淋洗液自动发生器,采用氢氧化钾梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^(-1),检测器为配有化学抑制器的电导检测器。结果醋酸根离子、氯离子、亚硫酸根离子、硫酸根离子和草酸根离子分别在0.12~24μg·mL^(-1)、0.24~48μg·mL^(-1)、0.4~80μg·mL^(-1)、0.04~8μg·mL^(-1)、0.3~60μg·mL^(-1)与测定值线性关系良好,r分别为0.9991、0.9999、0.9999、0.9995、0.9995;加样回收率分别为105.3%、101.0%、102.3%、96.8%和108.3%(n=6),RSD分别为2.2%、1.8%、1.6%、2.6%和1.6%。结论该方法操作简便,灵敏,高效,可用于同时测定低分子量肝素钠注射液中醋酸根、亚硫酸根、硫酸根、草酸根和氯离子的含量,为其质量提供保证。

关于Heparan sulfate和Heparin sulfate的译名问题

近10多年来,在许多肾脏病学和肾脏病杂志中,大多数作者都把heparan sulfate翻译成硫酸肝素,这是一大错误。heparinsulfate传统地译为硫酸肝素,且一直沿用至今,这是被公认的。heparan sulfate不能译为硫酸肝素可以肯定。在15年前,笔者将其译为硫酸肝素样物(见本人主编肾脏病学第2版328页,1990)。此后,笔者在自己所写的文稿中都将其译为硫酸乙醯肝素。但生物化学专家们知其不是硫酸肝素,因它化学结构类似硫酸肝素。

糖尿病合并新型冠状病毒S蛋白感染小鼠病理生理特征

目的建立糖尿病(DM)合并新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染小鼠模型,研究DM合并SARS-CoV-2感染病程发展中的重要病理生理变化。方法将野生型(WT)小鼠和由细胞角蛋白18基因启动子驱动的人血管紧张素转化酶2受体(K18-hACE2,简称hACE2)的转基因小鼠分别随机分为溶剂对照组、DM组、SARS-CoV-2病毒刺突蛋白感染(S)组以及DM合并S蛋白感染(DM+S)组,每组10~12只。除溶剂对照组及S组外,其余组通过10周高脂饮食后连续3 d ip给予链脲佐菌素(STZ)40 mg·kg^(-1)诱导DM症状,溶剂对照组及S组给予等体积0.1 mol·L^(-1)柠檬酸钠缓冲液。在此基础上,S组及DM+S组小鼠经鼻腔滴入15μg SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白与1 g·L^(-1)聚肌胞苷酸(Poly[I:C])的混合溶液50μL,溶剂对照组滴鼻给予等体积无菌水。在高脂喂养第6周和ip给予STZ 1周后,以口服葡萄糖耐量实验评价小鼠糖耐量水平及胰岛β细胞功能。高脂喂养第6周至ip给予STZ 2周后,每周用血糖仪检测小鼠随机血糖及空腹血糖。DM小鼠S蛋白感染前及感染24,48和120 h后,每组取3只小鼠颌下静脉取血后处死并取肺组织,采用苏木精-伊红染色法观察合并S蛋白感染前后的肺组织病理改变。S组小鼠在感染S蛋白前及感染6,24,48,72和120 h后采血,Luminex液相芯片技术检测小鼠血浆细胞因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、干扰素诱导蛋白10(IP-10)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)和粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)水平,ELISA检测血浆硫酸乙酰肝素(HS)水平;将细胞因子水平、HS水平与小鼠感染S蛋白后的肺部病理损伤程度进行Spearman相关性分析。结果STZ合并高脂饮食可诱导小鼠DM样表现,hACE2-DM组随机血糖(P<0.01)和1周后的空腹血糖(P<0.05)均显著高于WT-DM组,且hACE2-DM小鼠胰岛功能损伤程度显著高于WT-DM小鼠(P<0.05)。与DM组相比,DM+S组小鼠均表现出更严重的肺部病理变化,并伴有大量炎症浸润和肺间质增厚。与溶剂对照组相比,S蛋白感染6 h,WT-S组小鼠血浆中促炎细胞因子G-CSF,IL-6和IP-10均显著升高(P<0.01),S蛋白感染24 h,促炎细胞因子IL-17和抗炎细胞因子IL-10均显著升高(P<0.05);S蛋白感染6 h,hACE2-S组血浆中促炎细胞因子IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MCP-1,G-CSF和IP-10均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);WT-DM+S组和hACE2-DM+S组IL-17分别在S蛋白感染24和6 h显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),hACE2-DM+S组IFN-γ和IL-1β延迟至48 h显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),MCP-1延迟至72 h显著升高(P<0.05)。与溶剂对照组相比,S蛋白感染6和24 h后,WT-S组血浆中HS水平显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),48 h开始降低;同时,与WT-S组相比,感染6 h后,WT-DM+S组HS水平略升高,24 h出现降低;hACE2-S组HS水平于24 h显著升高(P<0.01),且在S蛋白感染24,48和120 h后与WT-S组基本持平;S蛋白感染6,24和48 h后,hACE2-DM+S组血浆HS水平均显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),升高持续时间较其S组长。小鼠血浆中IL-1β,IL-10,MCP-1,IP-10,G-CSF以及HS水平与DM+S小鼠肺损伤程度呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论本研究建立的DM合并SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白感染小鼠模型能成功模拟临床患者的部分病理生理特征,主要表现为较单纯感染免疫反应钝化,HS水平升高且持续时间较长。IL-1β,IL-10,MCP-1,IP-10,G-CSF以及HS可能有助于及时了解DM合并SARS-CoV-2感染患者的病程。

低分子肝素联合硫酸镁对于早发型重度子痫前期患者尿蛋白与妊娠结局的影响

目的 分析低分子肝素联合硫酸镁对于早发型重度子痫前期患者尿蛋白与妊娠结局的影响。方法 选取2020年1月~2023年1月间南京医科大学附属苏州医院产科收治的158例早发型重度子痫前期患者,随机分为研究组和对照组各79例,对照组使用硫酸镁治疗,研究组使用低分子肝素+硫酸镁治疗,4周后对比两组的治疗效果。结果 从血压水平来看,对照组患者的收缩压(systolic blood pressure, SBP)为(139.60±8.46)mmHg、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure, DBP)为(93.54±5.19)mmHg,研究组分别为(125.34±7.51)mmHg、(84.26±4.20)mmHg,均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。从凝血功能指标来看,对照组患者的血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)为(10.34±0.94)s、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT)为(22.79±1.96)s,研究组分别为(12.09±1.07)s、(25.84±2.27)s,均显著长于对照组(P<0.05);对照组患者的纤维蛋白原(FIB)为(3.64±0.34)g/L、D-二聚体(D-D)为(0.95±0.09)μg/ml,研究组分别为(3.15±0.29)g/L、(0.83±0.08)μg/ml,均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。从子宫螺旋动脉血流动力学指标来看,对照组患者的收缩期最大血液速度(PSV)为(34.12±3.07)cm/s、舒张末期速度(EDV)为(28.72±2.43)cm/s,研究组分别为(38.79±3.45)cm/s、(33.14±2.95)cm/s,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组患者的血流速度峰谷比(S/D)为(2.34±0.46)、血流搏动指数(PI)为(0.50±0.04)、血流阻力指数(RI)为(0.48±0.44),研究组分别为(2.06±0.38)、(0.42±0.03)、(0.41±0.33),均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。从肾脏、心脏损伤来看,对照组患者的24h尿蛋白水平(24hrUprV)水平为(1.53±0.14)g、B型钠尿肽(BNP)为(341.92±31.25)pg/L,研究组分别为(1.24±0.11)g、(253.68±22.84)pg/L,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。从早产儿、胎儿窘迫、宫缩乏力、新生儿窒息、产后出血等情况来看,对照组的不良结局发生率为84.81%(67/79),研究组为53.16%(42/79),显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 低分子肝素联合硫酸镁治疗子痫前期,有利于改善血压指标、凝血功能指标和血流动力学指标,减轻肾脏和心脏损伤,降低不良结局发生率,是一种高效、安全的用药方案。

低分子肝素钙联合硫酸镁治疗重度子痫前期患者的效果

目的:观察低分子肝素钙联合硫酸镁治疗重度子痫前期患者的效果。方法:选取2020年1月至2023年2月该院收治的88例重度子痫前期患者进行前瞻性研究,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=44)与观察组(n=44)。对照组采用硫酸镁治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合低分子肝素钙注射液治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后血液流变学指标[血浆黏度(PV)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、血细胞比容(HCT)]水平,不良妊娠结局发生率,以及不良新生儿结局发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为95.45%(42/44),高于对照组的75.00%(33/44),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组PV、FIB、ESR、HCT水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察剖宫产、早产、胎盘早剥、产后出血发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:低分子肝素钙联合硫酸镁治疗重度子痫前期患者可提高治疗总有效率,降低血液流变学指标水平、不良妊娠结局发生率和不良新生儿结局发生率,其效果优于单纯硫酸镁治疗。