Objective:To investigate the regulatory mechanism in liver fibrosis progression by nuclear receptor of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and the lipid droplet-associated protein of perilipin 5(PLIN5).Methods:FXR response eleme...Objective:To investigate the regulatory mechanism in liver fibrosis progression by nuclear receptor of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and the lipid droplet-associated protein of perilipin 5(PLIN5).Methods:FXR response element(FXRE)upstream of PLIN5 gene was found by bioinformatics,and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter gene system;a hepatic fibrosis model based on human hepatic stellate cell LX-2 was established by induction of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1);mRNA and protein levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and collagen栺were measured by qPCR and Western blot after transient overexpression of FXR or PLIN5;Oil red O staining was used to study the formation of lipid droplets.Results:The promoter region of the PLIN5 gene contained a known reverse repeats-1(IR-1);the gene expression of PLIN5 in LX-2 cells was up-regulated after FXR activation(P<0.01);overexpression of PLIN5 promoted the formation of lipid droplets and significantly reduced the TGF-β1 induced fibrosis gene expression(P<0.05);FXR activation showed no effects on the inhibition of LX-2 cells activation.Conclusion:Overexpression of PLIN5 promotes the formation of lipid droplets and inhibits activation of LX-2 cells.FXR might bind to the FXRE site upstream of PLIN5 gene and regulate its gene expression.In summary,FXR may prevent liver fibrosis progression partially by regulating lipid droplet-associated protein of PLIN5.展开更多
AIM:To examine the effect of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)activation by GW4064 on endotoxin-induced hepatic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Six-week-old male C57...AIM:To examine the effect of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)activation by GW4064 on endotoxin-induced hepatic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat(HF)diet for 8 wk.HF dietfed mice were intraperitoneally injected with GW4064(30 mg/kg)or DMSO(vehicle)once daily for a week and then sacrificed after lipopolysaccharide(LPS,50μg/mouse)administration.Hepatic inflammation,levels of the macrophage marker F4/80,and apoptosis were measured at the end of the study.Additionally,the expression of proinflammatory genes involved in NAFLD(interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,interferon-γ,MCP-1)were analyzed by real-time PCR in the murine macrophagecell line RAW 264.7 cultured with or without GW4064(2μmol/L)before treatment with LPS.RESULTS:In patients with NAFLD,the expression of FXR was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the relation between FXR expression and NAFLD activity score(NAS)was analyzed.Activation of FXR by GW4064 alleviated hepatic inflammation induced by endotoxin in a murine NAFLD model fed an HF diet as reflected by reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.Apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokine levels in liver tissues were also reduced by GW4064,and GW4064 could reduce induction of proinflammatory cytokines by LPS in vitro.FXR levels were reduced in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compared with healthy controls and were negatively correlated with NAS.CONCLUSION:FXR activation attenuates LPS-induced hepatic inflammation in murine NAFLD by reducing expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.展开更多
目的:探讨法尼酯衍生物X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)和尾型同源盒2(caudal type homeobox 2,CDX2)在胃黏膜肠化生(intestinal metaplasia,IM)及胃癌中的表达和意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学染色法检测FXR和CDX2在30例慢性胃炎、50例I...目的:探讨法尼酯衍生物X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)和尾型同源盒2(caudal type homeobox 2,CDX2)在胃黏膜肠化生(intestinal metaplasia,IM)及胃癌中的表达和意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学染色法检测FXR和CDX2在30例慢性胃炎、50例IM、60例胃癌组织中的表达。利用卡方检验比较各组间FXR和CDX2的表达差异,并分析其与肠化生和胃癌患者临床病理参数的关系。利用Spearman秩相关检验分析FXR和CDX2表达的相关性。结果:IM和胃癌组织中FXR的高表达率分别为58.0%和38.3%,较慢性胃炎组织(13.3%)均显著增高(P<0.05)。与IM组织相比,胃癌组织中FXR表达显著下降(P=0.040)。FXR高表达与IM患者肠化生程度较重(中重度)相关(P=0.025)。FXR高表达与胃癌患者分化较好(中高分化)相关(P=0.003)。IM和胃癌组织中CDX2的高表达率分别为46.0%和26.7%,较慢性胃炎组织(6.7%)均显著增高(P<0.05)。与IM组织相比,胃癌组织中CDX2表达显著下降(P=0.035)。CDX2高表达与IM患者肠化生程度较重(中重度)相关(P=0.004)。CDX2高表达与胃癌患者分化较好(中高分化)相关(P<0.001)。FXR和CDX2表达在慢性胃炎、IM、胃癌组织中均显著正相关(P<0.001)。结论:FXR和CDX2在IM和胃癌组织中表达均上调且显著正相关,可能共同参与了IM和胃癌的发生发展。展开更多
法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR),核受体家族成员之一,是重要的配体激活转录因子,其主要分布于肝、肠、肾以及肾上腺等组织器官中,在胆汁酸代谢、糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗、肝脏保护等过程中发挥重要的调节作用。本文在调研文献基...法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR),核受体家族成员之一,是重要的配体激活转录因子,其主要分布于肝、肠、肾以及肾上腺等组织器官中,在胆汁酸代谢、糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗、肝脏保护等过程中发挥重要的调节作用。本文在调研文献基础上就FXR在肝脏疾病的不同发生阶段具有一定的调节作用进行归纳总结,进一步揭示FXR的功能,也为探寻肝脏疾病的发生机制提供了新的思考方向,并为治疗及预防此类疾病提供了新的靶点。展开更多
药源性胆汁淤积型肝损伤是药物引起体内胆汁酸紊乱所致,尽管对药源性胆汁淤积型肝损伤的研究越来越多,但机制仍不清楚。法尼醇X受体(Farnesoid X receptor,FXR)是胆汁酸稳态的主要调节剂,目前文献报道抑制FXR是药物诱导胆汁淤积型肝损...药源性胆汁淤积型肝损伤是药物引起体内胆汁酸紊乱所致,尽管对药源性胆汁淤积型肝损伤的研究越来越多,但机制仍不清楚。法尼醇X受体(Farnesoid X receptor,FXR)是胆汁酸稳态的主要调节剂,目前文献报道抑制FXR是药物诱导胆汁淤积型肝损伤的主要原因且激活FXR已成为其治疗的靶点。本文就FXR在药源性胆汁淤积肝损伤中的作用进行综述,为其机制的深入研究提供思路。展开更多
目的探讨法尼酯X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)对肝脂酶(hepatic lipase,HL)表达及活性的影响。方法用FXR激动剂CDCA作用人肝癌细胞株(HepG2),用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测HL的表达情况。此外,用FXR激动剂CDCA处理C57BL/6小鼠,采...目的探讨法尼酯X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)对肝脂酶(hepatic lipase,HL)表达及活性的影响。方法用FXR激动剂CDCA作用人肝癌细胞株(HepG2),用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测HL的表达情况。此外,用FXR激动剂CDCA处理C57BL/6小鼠,采用总脂酶测试盒检测HL的活性。结果用不同浓度的CDCA(25、50、75μmol/L)分别作用HepG2细胞,6、12、24、48h后HL的mRNA和蛋白质水平呈时间和剂量依赖性下调。同时,用不同浓度的FXR激动剂CDCA(10、20、50、90、150mg/kg)处理C57BL/6小鼠7d后,测定小鼠HL的活性呈剂量依赖性下降。结论FXR激动剂可抑制肝脂酶的表达及活性。展开更多
高脂血症是许多慢性疾病的基础病因,由高脂血症引发的心脑血管病等慢性疾病已成为世界性的公共健康问题。法呢醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)在胆固醇、甘油三酯等代谢上发挥的重要作用使其有望作为治疗高脂血症及相关疾病的药物靶...高脂血症是许多慢性疾病的基础病因,由高脂血症引发的心脑血管病等慢性疾病已成为世界性的公共健康问题。法呢醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)在胆固醇、甘油三酯等代谢上发挥的重要作用使其有望作为治疗高脂血症及相关疾病的药物靶点。膳食多酚具有良好的生物活性,可以通过调节FXR及其下游脂质代谢相关靶基因的表达从而发挥调节脂质代谢的作用。本文综述了膳食多酚通过FXR调节脂质代谢的研究进展。展开更多
目的:探讨法尼酯X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)对肝脂酶(hepatic lipase,HL)表达的影响。方法:用FXR激动剂CDCA作用人肝癌细胞株(HepG2),用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测HL的表达情况。结果:用不同浓度的CDCA(25μmol/L、50μmol/L...目的:探讨法尼酯X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)对肝脂酶(hepatic lipase,HL)表达的影响。方法:用FXR激动剂CDCA作用人肝癌细胞株(HepG2),用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测HL的表达情况。结果:用不同浓度的CDCA(25μmol/L、50μmol/L、75μmol/L)分别作用HepG2细胞6h、12h、24h、48h后,HL的mRNA和蛋白质水平呈时间和剂量依赖性下调。结论:FXR激动剂可抑制肝脂酶的表达。展开更多
国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)最新数据表明目前中国糖尿病患者在剧增。糖尿病是以胰岛素分泌相对或和绝对不足导致的慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR,NR1H4)是能被胆汁酸激活的转录因子,可以通过多种途径...国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)最新数据表明目前中国糖尿病患者在剧增。糖尿病是以胰岛素分泌相对或和绝对不足导致的慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR,NR1H4)是能被胆汁酸激活的转录因子,可以通过多种途径调节血糖。回顾国内外有关法尼醇X受体介导β细胞胆汁酸代谢、影响GLP-1的分泌、抑制肝糖原异生、增加肝糖原储存、增加胰岛素的分泌和增强胰岛素的敏感性等机制发挥调节血糖平衡作用的研究,以及中医药干预FXR对糖脂代谢的相关研究,意在探索FXR与糖尿病的相关性,为糖尿病的发病机制提供新的理论依据。展开更多
As obesity continues to escalate worldwide,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as the most prevalent form of liver disease,with a reported global prevalence of 30.1%(1).The prevalence of NAFLD,which was...As obesity continues to escalate worldwide,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as the most prevalent form of liver disease,with a reported global prevalence of 30.1%(1).The prevalence of NAFLD,which was around 25%in the 1990s,has been increasing year by year in recent years and has exceeded 35%in the past few years(1).The spectrum of disease includes nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL),characterized by macrovesicular hepatic steatosis that may be accompanied by mild inflammation,and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which is additionally characterized by the presence of inflammation and cellular injury(2).展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973376)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the regulatory mechanism in liver fibrosis progression by nuclear receptor of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)and the lipid droplet-associated protein of perilipin 5(PLIN5).Methods:FXR response element(FXRE)upstream of PLIN5 gene was found by bioinformatics,and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter gene system;a hepatic fibrosis model based on human hepatic stellate cell LX-2 was established by induction of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1);mRNA and protein levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and collagen栺were measured by qPCR and Western blot after transient overexpression of FXR or PLIN5;Oil red O staining was used to study the formation of lipid droplets.Results:The promoter region of the PLIN5 gene contained a known reverse repeats-1(IR-1);the gene expression of PLIN5 in LX-2 cells was up-regulated after FXR activation(P<0.01);overexpression of PLIN5 promoted the formation of lipid droplets and significantly reduced the TGF-β1 induced fibrosis gene expression(P<0.05);FXR activation showed no effects on the inhibition of LX-2 cells activation.Conclusion:Overexpression of PLIN5 promotes the formation of lipid droplets and inhibits activation of LX-2 cells.FXR might bind to the FXRE site upstream of PLIN5 gene and regulate its gene expression.In summary,FXR may prevent liver fibrosis progression partially by regulating lipid droplet-associated protein of PLIN5.
文摘AIM:To examine the effect of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)activation by GW4064 on endotoxin-induced hepatic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat(HF)diet for 8 wk.HF dietfed mice were intraperitoneally injected with GW4064(30 mg/kg)or DMSO(vehicle)once daily for a week and then sacrificed after lipopolysaccharide(LPS,50μg/mouse)administration.Hepatic inflammation,levels of the macrophage marker F4/80,and apoptosis were measured at the end of the study.Additionally,the expression of proinflammatory genes involved in NAFLD(interleukin-6,interleukin-1β,interferon-γ,MCP-1)were analyzed by real-time PCR in the murine macrophagecell line RAW 264.7 cultured with or without GW4064(2μmol/L)before treatment with LPS.RESULTS:In patients with NAFLD,the expression of FXR was detected by immunohistochemical staining and the relation between FXR expression and NAFLD activity score(NAS)was analyzed.Activation of FXR by GW4064 alleviated hepatic inflammation induced by endotoxin in a murine NAFLD model fed an HF diet as reflected by reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.Apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokine levels in liver tissues were also reduced by GW4064,and GW4064 could reduce induction of proinflammatory cytokines by LPS in vitro.FXR levels were reduced in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compared with healthy controls and were negatively correlated with NAS.CONCLUSION:FXR activation attenuates LPS-induced hepatic inflammation in murine NAFLD by reducing expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
文摘目前,非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)已经成为全球性的慢性肝脏疾病,其较高的发病率与肥胖症、糖尿病及代谢紊乱等密切相关.伴随促炎症反应和肝纤维化而发生的胰岛素耐受、脂质代谢紊乱是NAFLD进一步恶化的标志.核受体法尼酯衍生物X受体(farnesoid X receptor,F X R)对脂类的代谢和体内平衡过程具有重要的调节作用,对其功能特性的深入研究,可为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)的病理生理学特征提供更深的认识,并阐明NAFLD/NASH潜在药物治疗靶点的机制.FXR的激活可以抑制肝脏脂肪的从头合成,增加胰岛素的敏感性以及避免胆汁酸诱导的细胞毒性.结合临床研究提示,FXR的激动剂或调节剂有望用来治疗NAFLD和NASH类肝脏疾病.本文着重对FXR在NASH中的重要调节作用作一综述.
文摘目的:探讨法尼酯衍生物X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)和尾型同源盒2(caudal type homeobox 2,CDX2)在胃黏膜肠化生(intestinal metaplasia,IM)及胃癌中的表达和意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学染色法检测FXR和CDX2在30例慢性胃炎、50例IM、60例胃癌组织中的表达。利用卡方检验比较各组间FXR和CDX2的表达差异,并分析其与肠化生和胃癌患者临床病理参数的关系。利用Spearman秩相关检验分析FXR和CDX2表达的相关性。结果:IM和胃癌组织中FXR的高表达率分别为58.0%和38.3%,较慢性胃炎组织(13.3%)均显著增高(P<0.05)。与IM组织相比,胃癌组织中FXR表达显著下降(P=0.040)。FXR高表达与IM患者肠化生程度较重(中重度)相关(P=0.025)。FXR高表达与胃癌患者分化较好(中高分化)相关(P=0.003)。IM和胃癌组织中CDX2的高表达率分别为46.0%和26.7%,较慢性胃炎组织(6.7%)均显著增高(P<0.05)。与IM组织相比,胃癌组织中CDX2表达显著下降(P=0.035)。CDX2高表达与IM患者肠化生程度较重(中重度)相关(P=0.004)。CDX2高表达与胃癌患者分化较好(中高分化)相关(P<0.001)。FXR和CDX2表达在慢性胃炎、IM、胃癌组织中均显著正相关(P<0.001)。结论:FXR和CDX2在IM和胃癌组织中表达均上调且显著正相关,可能共同参与了IM和胃癌的发生发展。
文摘法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR),核受体家族成员之一,是重要的配体激活转录因子,其主要分布于肝、肠、肾以及肾上腺等组织器官中,在胆汁酸代谢、糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗、肝脏保护等过程中发挥重要的调节作用。本文在调研文献基础上就FXR在肝脏疾病的不同发生阶段具有一定的调节作用进行归纳总结,进一步揭示FXR的功能,也为探寻肝脏疾病的发生机制提供了新的思考方向,并为治疗及预防此类疾病提供了新的靶点。
文摘药源性胆汁淤积型肝损伤是药物引起体内胆汁酸紊乱所致,尽管对药源性胆汁淤积型肝损伤的研究越来越多,但机制仍不清楚。法尼醇X受体(Farnesoid X receptor,FXR)是胆汁酸稳态的主要调节剂,目前文献报道抑制FXR是药物诱导胆汁淤积型肝损伤的主要原因且激活FXR已成为其治疗的靶点。本文就FXR在药源性胆汁淤积肝损伤中的作用进行综述,为其机制的深入研究提供思路。
文摘目的探讨法尼酯X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)对肝脂酶(hepatic lipase,HL)表达及活性的影响。方法用FXR激动剂CDCA作用人肝癌细胞株(HepG2),用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测HL的表达情况。此外,用FXR激动剂CDCA处理C57BL/6小鼠,采用总脂酶测试盒检测HL的活性。结果用不同浓度的CDCA(25、50、75μmol/L)分别作用HepG2细胞,6、12、24、48h后HL的mRNA和蛋白质水平呈时间和剂量依赖性下调。同时,用不同浓度的FXR激动剂CDCA(10、20、50、90、150mg/kg)处理C57BL/6小鼠7d后,测定小鼠HL的活性呈剂量依赖性下降。结论FXR激动剂可抑制肝脂酶的表达及活性。
文摘高脂血症是许多慢性疾病的基础病因,由高脂血症引发的心脑血管病等慢性疾病已成为世界性的公共健康问题。法呢醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)在胆固醇、甘油三酯等代谢上发挥的重要作用使其有望作为治疗高脂血症及相关疾病的药物靶点。膳食多酚具有良好的生物活性,可以通过调节FXR及其下游脂质代谢相关靶基因的表达从而发挥调节脂质代谢的作用。本文综述了膳食多酚通过FXR调节脂质代谢的研究进展。
文摘目的:探讨法尼酯X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)对肝脂酶(hepatic lipase,HL)表达的影响。方法:用FXR激动剂CDCA作用人肝癌细胞株(HepG2),用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测HL的表达情况。结果:用不同浓度的CDCA(25μmol/L、50μmol/L、75μmol/L)分别作用HepG2细胞6h、12h、24h、48h后,HL的mRNA和蛋白质水平呈时间和剂量依赖性下调。结论:FXR激动剂可抑制肝脂酶的表达。
文摘国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)最新数据表明目前中国糖尿病患者在剧增。糖尿病是以胰岛素分泌相对或和绝对不足导致的慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR,NR1H4)是能被胆汁酸激活的转录因子,可以通过多种途径调节血糖。回顾国内外有关法尼醇X受体介导β细胞胆汁酸代谢、影响GLP-1的分泌、抑制肝糖原异生、增加肝糖原储存、增加胰岛素的分泌和增强胰岛素的敏感性等机制发挥调节血糖平衡作用的研究,以及中医药干预FXR对糖脂代谢的相关研究,意在探索FXR与糖尿病的相关性,为糖尿病的发病机制提供新的理论依据。
文摘As obesity continues to escalate worldwide,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as the most prevalent form of liver disease,with a reported global prevalence of 30.1%(1).The prevalence of NAFLD,which was around 25%in the 1990s,has been increasing year by year in recent years and has exceeded 35%in the past few years(1).The spectrum of disease includes nonalcoholic fatty liver(NAFL),characterized by macrovesicular hepatic steatosis that may be accompanied by mild inflammation,and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which is additionally characterized by the presence of inflammation and cellular injury(2).
